Articles tagged with Cell Surface Receptors
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Researchers at Kyoto University designed a synthetic molecular code, EnPGC-1, that activates mitochondrial biogenesis in T cells, increasing their numbers and longevity. The approach enhances anti-tumor immunity in mice and improves survival.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a method to regulate the Wnt signaling pathway using blue light, allowing them to study its functions in embryonic development and cancer. This approach enables precise control over the pathway's activity, potentially leading to new treatments for tissue repair and cancer research.
Researchers have determined the structure of human leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (hBLT1), a protein involved in inflammation and disease. The analysis reveals how the receptor recognizes its binding partners and interacts with them, opening up avenues for designing better drugs.
Researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered a rare genetic mutation that can cause epilepsy. The study found that a specific receptor in brain cells behaves differently, leading to an imbalance in communication - a key factor in the development of disorders.
Researchers have developed a new imaging technique that captures individual receptors on the surface of living cells with unprecedented detail. This breakthrough could lead to a new generation of drugs with greater specificity and reduced side effects, particularly for disorders such as schizophrenia and depression.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt discovered that clustering of receptors, such as the Y2 receptor, can trigger cell movement similar to the neuropeptide Y signal. The study used light-sensitive matrices and laser spots to control the direction of cell movement with high precision.
A new protein has been developed that acts as a decoy to prevent the COVID-19 infection from entering human cells. The protein is a modified variant of ACE2, which intercepts the S spike of the coronavirus and fools it into binding to it rather than the real receptor.
Researchers at the Max Delbrück Center used advanced microscopy to determine that CXCR4 receptor on cancer cells appears in both transient pairs and alone, depending on receptor density. This knowledge may lead to more effective cancer drugs with fewer side effects.
Researchers at McGill University identified a new cellular pathway controlling cell surface receptor proteins that limits brain tumor growth and spread. Restoring the activity of Rab35, a protein involved in this pathway, may be a new therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.
Researchers designed proteins to form honeycomb structures that block uptake of receptors from cell surfaces. This discovery could enable new materials for modulating cell behavior and treating diseases such as sepsis, COVID-19, heart disease, and diabetes.
A newly discovered receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana has helped scientists understand the evolution of the GET pathway, a mechanism that enables membrane protein transport. The receptor's discovery provides crucial insights into the evolution of this pathway across organisms.
Researchers discovered that cowpea plants harbor receptors on their cells that can detect caterpillar saliva, triggering anti-herbivore defenses. The discovery sheds light on how plants activate their immune systems to defend against hungry insects.
Researchers from USTC and SIAT successfully observed individual GABAA receptors and their organization on the synaptic membrane using in situ cryo-electron tomography. The study revealed a 11-nm social distancing among receptors, forming a mesophasic assembly that regulates neurotransmitter release.
Studies have revealed that the journey of a nascent protein to become a mature cell surface receptor involves multiple steps and complex interactions with proteins such as C1orf27, HCR1, and GGA3. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing hormone and drug use targeting GPCRs.
A new study of 181 patients found that about 15% test positive for one or both newly discovered antibodies that attack the point of communication between nerves and muscle. Those who tested positive tended to be sicker when diagnosed and have a more severe disease course.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered how breast cancer cells evade the immune system by targeting cross-presenting dendritic cells. The key to this evasion lies in the CCR2 protein, which disrupts dendritic cell maturation when present on tumor cells.
Researchers found that bacterial toxins bind unrelated human receptors, causing diarrhea and fatal toxic shock syndrome. The discovery reveals a mechanism by which pathogens evolve receptor preferences to infect different organs.
Researchers have developed a method to label and image cell surface receptors on live cells with two different colors, allowing for the study of receptor dynamics and pharmacology in their native setting. This innovation expands the possibilities for studying G-protein coupled receptors and other important drug targets.
Researchers from EPFL have solved the high-resolution structure of an activated form of a dopamine receptor in a native lipid membrane environment. By combining computational allosteric and de novo protein design approaches, they created a highly stable but activated receptor whose structure could be studied and solved.
Researchers embed dopamine receptors in phospholipid membrane to study their structure and behavior. The findings could lead to the development of more precise drugs for treating conditions like Parkinson's disease and addiction.
A study published in PNAS reveals that collagen maturation controls the availability of PEDF, a secreted protein involved in multiple biological functions. Researchers found that PEDF selectively destroys developing vessels by binding to newly synthesized collagen.
Researchers at MIPT have developed a method to combine structural and spectroscopic approaches for studying membrane receptors. This allows for a detailed understanding of receptor functioning and behavior inside the cell, which is crucial for developing effective drugs.
Researchers at the University of Queensland have designed a novel tarantula venom mini-protein that can relieve severe pain without addiction. The mini-protein, Huwentoxin-IV, binds to specific pain receptors and has been tested in mouse models with promising results.
A study found that a clinically available drug, prochlorperazine (PCZ), inhibits the internalization of receptors on tumor cells, increasing the ability of anticancer antibodies to bind and mount effective immune responses. This temporary inhibition improves the effectiveness of cancer treatments.
A team of Thomas Jefferson University researchers identified a specific region on brain-cell receptors that helps dock proteins at synapses, potentially leading to better treatments for chronic pain and other diseases. The discovery opens the door for developing new medical interventions by targeting this docking site.
Membrane TNFR1 receptors exist as monomers and dimers in the absence of TNFα, but form trimers and oligomers upon activation. The study reveals new insights into the physiology and patterns of TNFR1 in the cell membrane, which could be relevant for cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Researchers from Boyce Thompson Institute have discovered a natural compound called nacq#1 that accelerates the time to sexual maturity and reduces lifespan in soil roundworms. The findings suggest a possible link between environmental chemicals and human development and aging.
Researchers identified a protein called gravin as key to regulating beta-adrenergic receptor expression on heart cells. Elevated adrenaline levels in heart failure desensitize receptors, reducing heart function. Researchers seek to develop treatment targeting this mechanism.
A team of researchers has found a novel function for the signaling molecule TRADD, which was previously considered dispensable. Without RIPK1 protein, having two copies of the TRADD gene or no copies results in cell death, while one copy promotes survival. This discovery sheds light on regulating cell death and survival pathways.
Monash researchers found that autophagy receptors are not the main trigger for cellular cleanup, but rather the membranes themselves recruit more receptors to speed up the process. This discovery may lead to new treatments targeting protein build-up linked to neurodegenerative diseases.
A team of researchers has discovered a molecular mechanism that causes leptin resistance in obese individuals, which blocks the brain's ability to recognize when it's full. By blocking this enzyme, MMP-2, scientists hope to develop treatments for obesity-related issues and explore its broader implications.
Scientists have developed a powerful method to create synthetic orthogonal receptor-ligand pairs that bind with high selectivity, triggering intended functions without interfering with natural activities. This design approach can be used to reprogram cellular functions in cell-engineering applications.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University found that removing the caveolin-binding domain from Fas-ligand protein can prevent cell death. The study suggests a new strategy for cancer treatment, as this mechanism may cause malfunctioning cells to undergo apoptosis.
A new study published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology has identified a novel therapeutic target to reduce brain inflammation in diseases like multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's. Mature monocytes have been found to express CXCR7 receptor on their surface, which may be used to block inflammation and HIV infection in the brain.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have developed a new super-resolution optical microscopy technique that makes dimerization of membrane receptors visible. The study reveals ligand-specific receptor dimerization and improves our understanding of the decision between cell life or death.
Researchers used single-molecule microscopy to study receptor-G protein interactions, finding specialized sites called hot spots where they meet and interact. These hot spots play a crucial role in regulating intracellular processes and may enable more precise therapeutic approaches.
A study suggests that vitamin A plays an important role in the development and function of beta-cells, leading to improved insulin secretion. Researchers found that partially blocking the vitamin A receptor impaired cell survival and insulin secretion, highlighting its potential as a new target for diabetes treatment.
Researchers discovered a receptor protein on heart cells that promotes chronic heart failure, and found that inhibiting it could help treat the disease. The study suggests that targeting this protein could lead to new treatments for millions of people affected by chronic heart failure.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the structure of the glucagon receptor, a key component in glucose regulation. The study provides detailed molecular information that can guide the development of more accurate and efficient diabetes drugs.
Researchers have designed a molecular 'paintbrush' technique to trigger, control, and monitor cellular processes. The technology, called Molecular Activity Painting, uses light-activated molecular building blocks to induce patterned contractions in living cells.
Researchers found that removing GRASP1 protein reduced mice's ability to learn and recall information. The protein plays a crucial role in recycling receptors in brain cells, which is essential for strengthening neural connections required for learning and memory.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have identified the CD40 receptor on Mueller cells as the primary driver of diabetic retinopathy. The study reveals that this receptor initiates inflammation in the retina, leading to vision impairment.
Researchers successfully created a synthetic receptor that recognizes signals involved in pain relief and can be switched on and off using chemical messengers. The breakthrough could hold the key to altering the way cells respond to pain and other sensations by adding or bypassing natural communication pathways.
Researchers have created a world-first synthetic receptor that can respond to chemical signals like its natural equivalent, enabling the study of cellular communication. The breakthrough has the potential to advance biotechnology and treat medical conditions caused by faulty communication.
Researchers are studying how receptors are transported from inside the cell to the surface where they function. Small proteins like Rab43 play a crucial role in this process, helping to ensure the proper functioning of GPCRs.
Researchers create single-step synthesis of cyclic depsipeptides in large sizes, up to 60 atoms, with controlled size distribution. The new process enables efficient production of bioactive molecules for various applications, including antibiotics and pesticides.
Researchers developed a method to stop allergic reactions by removing a key receptor from mast cells and basophils, targeting the immune system's response. The approach has implications for treating skin allergies and asthma, with potential benefits over current therapies.
A study published in Cell has identified a molecular mechanism that blocks membrane receptors, which are critical for cell signaling and defense against pathogens. The discovery sheds light on the role of lipid nanodomains in receptor activation and regulation.
The study provides a three-dimensional image of cannabinoid receptor 1, which is found to be embedded in the surface of many nerve cells. This discovery could explain how pain medications meant to mimic cannabis use without the 'high' can cause unintended side effects.
Research on NKT cells reveals a crucial balance between type I and II subtypes in regulating inflammation. NKT cell activation can induce anergy in type I NKT cells, maintaining physiological inflammatory response. Regulation of NKT cells through membrane receptors and drugs like rapamycin may alleviate acute kidney injury
Scientists at Kyoto University have engineered an artificial switch that can selectively activate neurotransmitter receptors, a breakthrough that could contribute to the development of new drugs for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS. This innovation sheds light on the role of these receptors in memory formation.
Researchers found that genetic variants of the S1P1 receptor influence fingolimod's effectiveness in treating multiple sclerosis. The study used mouse models to demonstrate that an S1PR1 variant affecting phosphorylation ability led to reduced fingolimod efficacy, and treatment with a CCR6-blocking antibody delayed disease progression.
Salk Institute researchers have visualized the natural arrangements of vital receptors on T cell surfaces in lymph nodes, revealing pre-organized 'territories'. This study could help scientists better understand how to modulate the immune system's activity for autoimmune diseases or cancer treatments.
Biologists have uncovered a key protein in the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum that enables it to home in on bacteria, similar to human white blood cells. This discovery provides new insights into immune cell directionality and may lead to effective treatments for cancer and other diseases.
Researchers convert tarantula toxins into painkillers by targeting neural receptors, providing an alternative to current treatments with limited pain relief and side effects. The study reveals the importance of cell membranes in peptide toxin activity and opens opportunities for designing new drugs.
Researchers at UT-Arlington developed a novel cancer cell detection method based on real-time cell behavior tracking, leveraging the unique dancing behavior of cancer cells on engineered surfaces. This technology has potential to serve as an additional modality for identifying tumor cells from blood samples or biopsy specimens.
A new high-resolution method allows precise identification and quantification of interactions between a receptor and two ligands. Scientists have developed a novel approach using atomic force microscopy, enabling the imaging of single membrane receptors while detecting their interactions with multiple ligands.
Prof. Ichiro Maruyama's rotation model suggests that receptors exist as dimers prior to ligand binding, regulating activity and flexibility upon binding. This new model challenges the traditional dimerization theory, offering a more energy-efficient explanation for receptor activation.
Researchers at Kyoto University developed a technique using tiny gold rods to target pain receptors and activate TRPV1, leading to desensitization and pain relief. The gold nanorods have been shown to be more efficient than magnetic nanoparticles in heat generation and activating TRPV1 receptors.
Researchers used X-ray crystallography to visualize the structure of a neurotensin receptor, shedding light on its mechanism. Binding of neurotensin to the receptor triggers critical conformational changes that activate G protein-coupled signaling pathways.