Articles tagged with Chemical Reactivity
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that rural areas have similar levels of oxidative potential as urban areas, challenging the misconception that air pollution is more toxic in urban settings. The study also showed that summertime agricultural activity can produce PM2.5 particles that are just as toxic as those from urban settings.
A new project led by University of Illinois researchers will develop machine learning models to predict the reactivity of thousands of organic contaminants in engineered and natural environments. This will help scientists better model pollutant fate and transport, leading to more accurate contaminant risk assessments.
Scientists have developed a method to synthesize nanocrystals in live cells through space-time coupled synthesis, enabling the creation of super biosystems. This approach has been successfully applied to various cell types, including yeast, bacteria, and mammalian cells.
A new model by a SwRI-led team applies geologic evidence to understand how oxygen levels in the Earth's atmosphere evolved. The results indicate that large impacts may have contributed to the scarcity of oxygen, delaying its oxidation.
Researchers developed a predictive tool using %V bur (min) to categorize phosphine structures as active or inactive in many experimental datasets. This advancement will facilitate organometallic chemistry and catalysis, enabling easier computation and prediction of phosphine reactivity.
A team of scientists developed a new method to study the effects of reactive electrophiles in the body. By targeting specific proteins with electrophilic compounds, they discovered novel mediators involved in immune-cell apoptosis triggered by Tecfidera, a multiple sclerosis treatment.
Recent study by Okayama University researchers reveals three photoinitiators cause faster increase in breast tumor growth in mice, with tamoxifen pretreatment reducing toxicity. The findings suggest photoinitiators could act as hormonal disruptions, raising concerns for patients and healthy individuals.
Researchers have discovered a way to use mining waste as part of a potential cheaper catalyst for hydrogen fuel production. The new catalyst triggers water splitting reactions using aluminosilicate minerals found in mining waste, which could lead to lower production costs and increased efficiency.
Michigan Tech researchers developed a model to calculate how particular chemicals break down in surface water using singlet oxygen, which degrades contaminants and helps protect our waterways. The study's findings can aid environmental engineers and scientists in estimating half-lives of chemicals and predicting their degradation rates.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding the behavior of highly reactive chemical compounds by identifying their binding preferences. This knowledge allows for targeted syntheses and binding of hazardous chemicals, revolutionizing the field of chemistry.
Researchers have developed a method that connects experimental data from synchrotron sources like BESSY II to quantum chemical simulations, reducing computing times for complex molecules. This allows for faster analysis and interpretation of RIXS data, enabling scientists to simulate more complex systems.
Researchers found high concentrations of bromine chloride in polluted continental regions, significantly impacting wintertime air quality. The study suggests that uncontrolled coal burning is a major source of reactive halogens, driving increased ozone production and secondary aerosol formation.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a machine learning model that can predict reaction outcomes and test new reactions in a blind prospective manner. The model uses statistical robust machine learning models trained on a small number of reactions to provide interpretable chemical reactivity flowcharts.
Researchers provide first global satellite measurements of isoprene, a natural hydrocarbon affecting Earth's atmosphere. Isoprene reacts with pollutants and reduces atmospheric capacity to scrub itself of pollutants.
A new open-source computer program called ChemStor can find the safest way to store and dispose of reactive chemicals. The program adapts a computer science strategy to allocate resources for efficient processor use, allowing it to determine safe storage configurations.
Scientists at the University of Bath have developed a new probe, AzuFluor, to detect reactive oxygen species in cells under the microscope. This probe uses a bright blue chemical found in mushrooms and has shown potential applications in cell biology and the pharmaceutical industry.
Researchers at Harvard University have discovered the architecture of a copper-nitrenoid complex that can transform carbon-hydrogen bonds into valuable building blocks for chemical synthesis. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient and sustainable production methods for pharmaceuticals, household products, and other chemicals.
Researchers have developed an energy-efficient method to synthesize bioplastic ingredients, overcoming a key limitation in large-scale production. The new technique uses a gold nanoparticle catalyst and achieves high conversion rates, making it more practical for commercial production of sustainable 'green products'.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University used nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy to probe the hydrogen bonds that modulate the chemical reactivity of enzymes, catalysts, and biomimetic complexes. The study provides valuable information on how systematic changes to hydrogen bonds within the secondary coordination sphere influen...
Researchers have successfully created complex multi-principle element transition metal dichalcogenides with unique quantum phenomena. By combining layered TMDCs using ball-milling and reactive fusion, they have demonstrated the possibility of forming 3D-heterostructured architectures with tunable properties.
Researchers have made significant progress in developing computational models, human tissue-based assays, and other advanced systems to assess the toxicity of inhaled materials without using animals. These novel approaches aim to improve safety and regulatory compliance in industries such as pharmaceuticals and personal care.
Scientists have successfully separated two forms of water, ortho- and para-water, which exhibit different chemical reactivities due to their nuclear spin orientations. These findings were reported in Nature Communications and confirmed by computer simulations.
Researchers at the Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials successfully measured and controlled the temperature of individual graphene bubbles using a single laser beam. The study found that the temperature oscillates with bubble height, allowing for efficient heating of specific regions within the bubble.
Researchers have developed a new theory to explain why stretching or compressing metal catalysts can make them perform better. The theory suggests that applying a strain to a catalyst's atomic lattice can tune its reactivity, enabling fine-tuning of catalyst performance throughout different reaction steps.
Researchers present a mathematical model for autoignition in free round turbulent jets, enabling more efficient supercritical water oxidation technology. The model simplifies complex dynamics into one differential equation, allowing for sharp characterization of autoignition events.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum aim to optimize the Density Matrix Renormalization Group method to predict properties of complex molecules. The goal is to tailor molecules for specific applications, enabling more accurate simulations and cost-effective synthesis.
The discovery suggests that the increase in oxygen in the biosphere triggered the addition of supplementary amino acids to form more functional proteins. The newer amino acids have systematically softer chemistry, making them more reactive and prone to undergo chemical changes.
A new study identifies chemically termolecular reactions, where three molecules participate in breaking and forming bonds, impacting flame propagation speeds and gas phase chemistry. This discovery opens up new possibilities in engine design and understanding planetary atmospheres.
Researchers developed a novel sensor array that can detect and differentiate among a diverse range of aldehydes and ketones, providing a sensitive, fast, and inexpensive method for identifying volatile compounds. The array allows for the detection of chemical toxins, safety inspections, and preventative screening in various fields.
A team of researchers at Berkeley Lab used a unique infrared probe to pinpoint areas on single metallic particles where chemical reactivity occurs. This technique reveals the detailed chemistry occurring on the surface of particles, enabling customization of structural properties for more effective catalysis.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new process to exfoliate atomically thin phosphorene flakes with high yield and minimal degradation. The method uses deoxygenated water as an environmentally benign solvent, resulting in superior material quality and scalable fabrication.
Researchers successfully cooled sodium potassium molecules to a temperature just above absolute zero, creating exotic states of matter with strong dipole moments. The ultracold molecules exhibited long lifetimes and resisted reactive collisions, paving the way for new discoveries in quantum mechanics.
A team of scientists has successfully isolated and characterized a crucial chemical intermediate, which was previously only inferred from indirect evidence. The researchers used solid-state characterization and computational modeling to understand the stability factors and design more stable adducts for further study.
Scientists successfully sort individual conformers of a molecule using an electric field, showing that their spatial structure affects their chemical reactivity. The new method provides insight into fundamental reaction mechanisms with potential applications in chemical catalysis and molecule synthesis.
Scientists have discovered that unconfined flames can spontaneously form detonations in reactive gases and astrophysical systems, providing a missing link for theoretical models of Type la supernovae. The research team used computer simulations to study the deflagration-to-detonation transition in hydrogen-air and methane-air mixtures.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have discovered a new catalyst that transforms amides into desired chemical products efficiently and safely, producing no by-products or hazardous waste. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize the chemical industry from an economic and green perspective.
Research by University of Edinburgh found that ultrafine particles from diesel exhaust fumes can impair blood vessel function, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. The study suggests that environmental health measures to reduce emissions could save lives.
This special issue of Environmental Science & Technology explores key topics in environmental policy, including decimating honey bee colonies, carbon capture and storage, and biodiversity. The issue also delves into the origins of environmental issues and how scientists are addressing concerns.
Researchers found that humans and insects have an ancient system for detecting toxic compounds through a protein receptor called TRPA1. This detection mechanism has been conserved across 500 million years of evolution, linking animals back to their common ancestor.
Scientists at Georgia Tech have developed Thermochemical Nanolithography, enabling the creation of high-resolution patterns of multiple chemicals on a single chip. The technique uses heated AFM probe tips to induce local chemical reactions, allowing for stable and non-reactive patterns that can be stored for weeks.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have solved part of the molecular puzzle behind basil's characteristic warm and sweet aroma, providing a three-dimensional snapshot of the enzyme Eugenol Synthase. The study reveals how this enzyme produces eugenol, a fragrant molecule responsible for basil's spicy overtones.
A study found that oxidative stress contributes to neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E, decreased neuron death in these insects.
University of Minnesota researchers develop a reactive flash volatilization process that turns soy oil and glucose into hydrogen and carbon monoxide, significantly improving fuel production efficiency from renewable energy sources. The new process works 10-100 times faster than current technology, with no input of fossil fuels.
Researchers have created tiny test tubes made of single-walled carbon nanotubes, which enables them to probe the role of extreme molecular confinement on chemical behavior. The nanotubes allow water molecules to bond together into rings and shield reactive molecules from reacting with other chemicals.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a method to detect trace quantities of hazardous materials, including explosives, on surfaces such as luggage and skin. The portable device can analyze samples within seconds, making it potentially useful for security screening in public places.
The Office of Naval Research developed a new warhead that combines kinetic energy with chemical reactions to destroy targets. The warhead uses advanced composite materials and has shown improved structural damage and lethal radius in testing.
Brauman is being recognized for his groundbreaking research on how molecules react, determining reaction rates and products. He will present an after-dinner talk on the impact of technology on basic science at a banquet on November 9.
A chemist at Ohio State University has won a national award for his work on studying reactive intermediates in chemical reactions. He is using high-tech techniques to 'freeze-frame' these ephemeral species, which are crucial in determining the success or failure of reactions.