Articles tagged with Chlorides
A new study reveals that elephants, giraffes, and rhinos are unable to get enough salt from their habitats, leading to sodium deficiency. The researchers found that larger-bodied species are more affected by sodium scarcity, which influences their habitat selection and behavior.
Researchers have discovered that certain seawater ions can be intentionally utilized to enhance electrochemical performance, rather than hindering it. This involves carefully designing catalysts and electrolytes to mitigate the negative effects of these ions while maximizing their benefits.
A new coating method uses liquid-based chemical conversion coating with cavitation bubbles to improve corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. The team's technology aims to reinforce lightweight materials in electric cars, addressing the need for more durable materials.
A team of Chinese researchers found that chlorinated volatile organic compounds on mineral dust particles can be converted into highly toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans by sunlight. The study highlights the need to reassess the toxicity of commercial chemicals and their atmospheric conversions.
Research discovered that chloride ion channels play a role in glioblastoma cell division and proliferation. By blocking these channels, replication can be stopped, pointing to ion currents as a potential target for therapeutic approaches.
Researchers at Dartmouth College have developed a self-powered pump that uses natural light and chemistry to target and remove specific water pollutants. The pump uses synthetic molecular receptors designed to bond to negatively charged ions, which are then trapped and released in a non-reactive substrate.
A new process by Rice University researchers recovers up to 50% of lithium in spent LIB cathodes in just 30 seconds, overcoming a significant bottleneck in LIB recycling technology. The microwave-based method uses a readily biodegradable solvent and achieves efficiencies similar to conventional heating methods but much faster.
Researchers at Ritsumeikan University enhance solid-state phosphorescence in organoplatinum(II) complexes by 75 times through anion binding and ion-pairing with countercations. The strategy isolates π-electronic molecules, improving luminescent properties and extending emission lifetime.
Researchers have developed a novel chloride-based solid electrolyte with exceptional ionic conductivity, addressing material limitations that hindered previous attempts. This breakthrough is expected to pave the way for commercialization of solid-state batteries, promising improved affordability and safety.
A University at Buffalo-led research team has developed molecules that can transport chloride ions across cell membranes, increasing airway surface liquid and restoring normal mucus clearance in cystic fibrosis cells. The synthetic anion binders offer a new potential treatment for the chronic disease.
Scientists at USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences have found evidence of a sixth basic taste detected through ammonium chloride detection. They discovered that the tongue responds to ammonium chloride through the same protein receptor that signals sour taste.
A novel method to obtain acetone has been developed by a scientific collaboration between researchers in Brazil and Germany, using only light and photoactive iron chloride. The process is direct, safer, and cheaper than traditional methods, with fewer stages and no high temperatures or flammable intermediaries.
Scientists at NTU Singapore have developed a flexible, human cornea-thin battery that can store electricity from saline solution. The battery could power smart contact lenses with displays and augmented reality capabilities.
Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute discovered a new redox chemistry empowered by chloride ions for the development of seawater green batteries. This technology leverages abundant elements such as iron oxides and hydroxides, potentially repurposing iron rust waste materials for modern energy storage.
A team of researchers has proposed a new technical route for all-solid-state lithium-based batteries (ASSLBs), overcoming limitations with highly compressible and conductive cathode material. This breakthrough could lead to safer and more energy-dense batteries.
Researchers developed a new photo-oxidation method to efficiently synthesize pharmaceutical intermediates and polyurethane from perchloroethylene, a common dry cleaning solvent. The method yields high-quality compounds with minimal environmental impact, offering a promising alternative for sustainable chemical recycling.
Researchers have created a supercapacitor that combines high power and energy density using a 'breathing' electrode with chlorine gas. The new device achieves rapid charge separation and mass transfer, increasing its energy storage capacity.
Researchers found a way to use phthalates in plasticizers as mediator for chemical reaction, allowing for electrochemical recycling without heat. The process reduces hydrochloric acid release and improves efficiency.
A new study assesses the environmental safety of three topical antiseptic compounds, finding high margins of safety for two of them. Researchers conclude that these substances are unlikely to cause ecological harm, providing a sound basis for interpreting future environmental data.
A team of researchers has determined the three-dimensional atomic structure of NKCC1, a human chloride transporter crucial for regulating ion balance in the body. The study reveals a surprising mechanism for releasing ions into cells, which could lead to novel compounds for treating kidney and brain disorders.
A comprehensive review of scientific literature on sodium reduction strategies in food production identifies five main approaches: salt reduction, salt replacers, flavor modification, physical modification, and functional modification. These methods can help food companies reduce sodium content while maintaining palatability.
Researchers advocate for a paradigm shift in forecasting corrosion damage within reinforced concrete structures, citing the flaws of using a single theoretical concept. A multiscale, multidisciplinary approach is needed to quantify corrosion rates and develop reliable forecast models.
Researchers at Aalto University have developed a non-toxic alternative to traditional cyanide-based gold extraction processes. The new chloride-based method, called EDRR, achieves an impressive 84% gold recovery rate, surpassing the 64% recovered with traditional cyanide methods.
A comprehensive review of US fatalities linked to methylene chloride paint strippers reveals more deaths than expected, with 85 reported between 1980 and 2018, most in occupational settings. Safer alternatives are available, and experts urge the EPA to limit use and prevent further deaths.
Researchers use time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography to capture dynamic changes in chloride ion-pumping rhodopsin, an atomic 'pump' driven by sunlight. The study reveals the mechanisms of energy conversion and has implications for designing light-sensitive molecular pumps.
A University of Sydney-led team has revealed the shape of the glutamate transporter, a tiny protein controlling cell-to-cell communication. The discovery using cryogenic electron microscopy could help design drugs for diseases such as episodic ataxia and Alzheimer's disease.
Scientists have discovered how a key protein channel regulates ion transport across cell membranes, with implications for developing treatments for diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and neurological pain. The research found that the channel's function depends on its variant and is regulated by PIP2 binding and phosphorylation.
A mutation in the CLCN6 gene has been identified as a cause of a novel, severe neurodegenerative disease affecting three unrelated children. The condition is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, and progressive brain atrophy.
Researchers have visualized a new class of molecular gates, called proton-activated chloride channels (PAC), which regulate the passage of small molecules into and out of cells. These gates are critical for maintaining pH balance within brain cells, allowing them to sense and respond to their environment.
Researchers developed a novel γ-radiation intensity sensor using polymethylmethacrylate and polyvinyl chloride membranes. The sensor changes color in response to increasing radiation intensity, allowing for quick and easy measurement.
The LumAConM project aims to improve concrete diagnostics with a new, simple and cost-effective method enabling detailed assessments of concrete structures. Researchers use optical-chemical sensor technology to detect corrosion damage and assess service life.
Researchers found that naked mole-rats require high levels of carbon dioxide to function, unlike other mammals. The genetic mutation in the KCC2 gene leads to impaired brain inhibition, which is compensated by increased carbon dioxide levels.
A new photocatalytic water-splitting strategy has been developed to hydrogenate aryl chlorides in a sustainable manner. The approach utilizes water as a safe and readily available hydrogen donor, replacing flammable gases and reducing risks associated with conventional dechlorination methods.
Chemists at St Petersburg State University have developed a new method to detect phenols in smoked food samples using vitamin B4, a non-toxic compound. This technique offers advantages such as safety and speed, allowing for analysis to be completed in under half an hour.
Researchers have identified the oldest known ortholog of the ion channel defective in cystic fibrosis, found in ancient sea lampreys approximately 450 million years ago. The protein diverges significantly from its human counterpart and has unique functional properties, suggesting a distinct evolutionary history.
Mordanñage is a 19th-century photographic process that creates dramatic black-and-white images with veiling effects. Researchers have determined the chemical details behind the process, revealing how hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid soften the photographic paper, allowing copper to oxidize and form veils.
Researchers have discovered that a gene mutation in the chloride channel causes hyperaldosteronism, leading to abnormally high blood pressure and kidney damage. The study used a mouse model to investigate the pathological mechanisms of the disease, providing insights into the effects of an open chloride channel on aldosterone production.
Researchers have identified a small organic compound called gluconate that acts as an anticonvulsant, inhibiting seizures by targeting chloride ion channels. The study found that gluconate suppresses seizure activity more effectively in neonatal animals than adults.
Drexel University researchers have found that mixing a certain type of bacteria into concrete can prevent potholes caused by road salt. The bacteria produce calcite, which interacts with the calcium chloride in road salts and prevents their negative effects on concrete.
Researchers found that magnesium chloride deicers can cause significant degradation of concrete strength and micro-hardness, even without visible signs of damage. The study's findings have important implications for transportation officials and the use of magnesium chloride as a winter road treatment.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum have created a new technique to study the chemical reactions of individual silver nanoparticles in real-time. They found that under certain conditions, these particles transform into poorly soluble silver chloride, which can be toxic for many organisms.
A chemical compound called indazole chloride has been shown to produce beneficial inflammation and remyelination in multiple sclerosis patients. This process can help repair damaged axons and restore myelin, potentially reducing disability burden. The findings provide a promising new treatment avenue for the disease.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have discovered the molecular structure of a cellular valve, which plays a crucial role in regulating cell volume. The study reveals potential approaches for treating conditions such as cerebral ischemia, stroke, and cancer by targeting this protein.
The structure of chloride channel TMEM16A has been determined, revealing a unique activation mechanism that could restore hydration of the mucus layer in cystic fibrosis patients. Researchers believe that activating this channel could compensate for the defect in chloride ion secretion, paving the way for novel therapies.
A study found that lithium chloride prevents brain damage caused by fetal alcohol exposure in mice, reducing sleep disturbances and memory loss. The drug was given to newborn mice after a single dose of 'binge' alcohol, eliminating hyperactivity and sleep deficits.
Researchers using ALMA detected methyl chloride around IRAS 16293-2422, an infant star system, and in comet 67P/C-G. The discovery indicates that organohalogens form naturally in interstellar clouds, challenging the search for life on other planets.
Researchers have identified two new biological markers of cystic fibrosis, which could lead to improved prognosis and better therapies for patients. The biomarkers were discovered through a specialized technique developed at McMaster University, where scientists collected and analyzed sweat samples from infants in CF clinics.
Researchers discover a silent change in the CFTR gene that alters protein production and transport in cells. This finding reveals new insights into cystic fibrosis genetic complexity.
A Stanford-led study has developed a wearable sweat sensor that can diagnose cystic fibrosis and monitor diabetes, offering a non-invasive and real-time solution. The device collects sweat, measures its molecular constituents, and transmits the results electronically for analysis and diagnostics.
A study of 371 lakes found that proximity to roads and road salt predicts escalating salinization in North American freshwater lakes. Chloride trends were analyzed, revealing that 70% of lakes with high impervious land cover had increasing chloride concentrations, putting 7,770 lakes at risk of rising salinity.
The creation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in nickel chloride enables the calculation of macroscopic properties, such as magnetic moments, by treating atoms as waves. This breakthrough uses a single wave function to describe the behavior of a large group of atoms.
The updated guidelines provide better direction for clinicians to make accurate diagnoses and recommend personalized treatment. The new criteria lower the threshold for possible cystic fibrosis, reconsidering patients with chloride levels between 30-40 millimoles per liter.
A new, inexpensive method for detecting chloride concentrations in sweat has been developed by Penn State biomaterials scientists. The fluorescent sensor is highly sensitive and selective for chloride, the key diagnostic marker in cystic fibrosis.
Researchers study how plants distinguish between essential nitrate and harmful chloride ions, finding a functional complex of two anion channels SLAH1 and SLAH3. This discovery could lead to optimizing crop salt tolerance in the future.
Researchers developed synthetic transporters that can carry chloride through lipid-bilayer membranes, potentially replacing faulty channels in cystic fibrosis. The new molecules show high selectivity for chloride over protons and hydroxide, addressing a potential toxic effect.
Recent discoveries shed light on the mechanism underlying neuropathic pain, revealing a reduced inhibition of pain signal transmission due to dysregulation of chloride levels. This leads to hyperexcitability in neurons, causing touch-evoked pain.
Chloride plays a critical role in assembling collagen IV scaffolds, a fundamental step in basement membrane formation. Researchers found that chloride binds to NC1 domains, inducing a conformational change that enables scaffold assembly.
A study by researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center found that gene therapy may be able to reverse cancer-related nerve pain. The treatment, which involves transferring a gene called KCC2 into the spinal canal, restored chloride levels and eliminated pain hypersensitivity in rats.
Researchers have made encouraging results using gene therapy to treat cystic fibrosis by inserting a healthy copy of the CFTR gene into affected cells. The approach restored chloride and fluid transport in both mouse models and human-derived cell cultures, suggesting a potential cure for the genetic disorder.
Professor Thomas Jentsch's discovery of the Torpedo chloride channel in 1990 marked a breakthrough in understanding ion transport processes. He identified nine different CLC chloride channels and transporters, which are essential for human function and contribute to various genetic diseases.