Articles tagged with Epitopes
A new strategy makes stem cell transplants safer by replacing chemotherapy-based treatment with targeted antibodies that recognize specific markers on blood-forming stem cells. This approach allows for less toxic treatment and could enable chemotherapy-free or chemotherapy-sparing transplantation approaches.
Researchers at Colorado State University used AI to modify antibodies into stable intrabodies that can visualize histone modifications in real-time. This allows for better understanding of gene expression and its relationship with cancer and other disorders. The team created 19 new antibody-based probes with a 70% success rate, signifi...
Researchers at UMC Utrecht discovered that converting monoclonal antibodies from IgG to IgM isotype can significantly broaden their ability to recognize and bind multiple human-relevant bacterial pathogens. This finding could guide the future design of antibody therapies against bacterial infections.
A team of researchers at Mount Sinai discovered three powerful monoclonal antibodies that target the viral protein A35 and block viral spread in laboratory tests. These antibodies also protected rodents from severe disease and fully prevented death, suggesting they could be promising drug candidates for mpox treatment.
A new study shows that delivering a single injection of gene therapy at birth may offer years-long protection against HIV. The treatment uses an adeno-associated virus to deliver instructions to muscle cells, which produce broadly neutralizing antibodies capable of neutralizing multiple strains of HIV.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have developed a technology to test 25 antibodies simultaneously in a single mouse, greatly reducing the number of laboratory animals required. The method uses protein fragments as barcodes for analysis, allowing for high-quality preclinical data on multiple antibody candidates.
Researchers developed MUNIS, a deep learning tool that predicts CD8+ T cell epitopes with high accuracy, potentially accelerating vaccine development. The tool was validated using experimental data from influenza, HIV, and EBV, demonstrating its potential to streamline vaccine design.
A new study by La Jolla Institute for Immunology researchers suggests that many people may already have immune cells on standby to combat the H5N1 virus. The study found similarities between H5N1 and seasonal influenza viruses, allowing scientists to predict cross-reactive T cell responses that could help decrease disease severity.
A novel vaccine design has demonstrated robust immune response and broad neutralization of HCV strains in mouse models. The innovative approach employs epitope-focused immunogens, which could pave the way for an effective HCV vaccine, potentially limiting its global spread.
Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center have made a breakthrough in understanding how protective antibodies can target malaria parasites. By analyzing the structure of these antibodies and their interaction with the parasite's protein, the team has identified a weak spot that could be targeted by vaccines to prevent severe disease.
Scientists have developed a new immunotherapy that can identify and fight cancer cells in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. The treatment involves stimulating the immune system's T cells against specific elements of the virus involved in cancer formation.
Researchers developed Epitope Binning-seq to analyze epitopes in monoclonal antibodies. The method accurately classified antibodies into distinct epitope bins, providing valuable insights into their binding patterns and streamlining early antibody drug development.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology found that people who experienced breakthrough COVID-19 infections develop T cells better equipped to recognize and target SARS-CoV-2. The study also discovered that B cells produce more diverse antibodies targeting common epitopes between the vaccine and variants.
Researchers developed a synthetic biomarker technology that can differentiate between prior Zika and dengue virus infections. The technology, using epitope surrogates, correctly identified people previously infected with Zika virus 85.3% of the time.
Researchers found that T cells can reshape their memory and maintain diversity against COVID-19 variants in response to successive mRNA vaccinations. The study revealed a shift among clonotypes, with a change from early responders to main responders after the second shot, suggesting a new dominant population of effector-memory T cells.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have identified 137 unique T cell epitopes targeted by the immune system in patients with active TB. These findings may lead to the development of new diagnostics and therapies for the disease, which affects over 1.3 million people worldwide.
La Jolla Institute researchers discovered that prior exposure to a common cold coronavirus partially protects mice from lung damage during a subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Harnessing 'cross-reactive' T cells may lead to novel vaccines with broad, pan-coronavirus protection.
Researchers have developed a new method for identifying epitopes that promise safe immunization across broad populations, enabling the creation of targeted vaccines. By exploiting epitope overlaps, they were able to integrate significantly more epitopes into their vaccine candidates, covering over 98% of the world population.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology found that most T cells can still target epitopes on the new Pirola variant, suggesting people may be able to mount a response against it. The study's findings provide positive news in the fight against SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing the importance of vaccination with updated vaccines.
Researchers have isolated and analyzed individual immune cells targeting the hepatitis C virus, providing valuable data for vaccine development. The study found that antiviral treatment reduces cytotoxicity in HCV-specific immune cells, offering a potential pathway to an effective vaccine.
Nebraska scientists have made significant progress in developing a safe and effective long-lasting swine flu vaccine. The Epigraph algorithm enables the creation of a universal flu vaccine that protects against multiple types of influenza viruses for at least one year and is suitable for all age groups.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have found that T cells can recognize shared viral targets between multiple coronaviruses, including common cold coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. This cross-reactivity could be harnessed to develop vaccines that protect against multiple types of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
A Johns Hopkins Medicine-led team identified protein fragments that stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack HIV. The study's technique, called reductionist cell-free antigen processing, replicates the complex events in the human immune system, enabling the identification of immunodominant epitopes.
Researchers from China explore the mechanisms of action and clinical data of bispecific antibodies, which have shown promise in increasing cytotoxicity against cancerous cells and enhancing immune response towards tumor clearance. Several bsAbs are being evaluated in phase I-III clinical trials for lung cancer treatment.
A new study led by Brigham investigators found that people produce shared antibody responses to certain regions of the virus, leading to selective pressure and new variants. The team's findings have implications for our understanding of immunity and public health, particularly in terms of re-infection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Researchers have identified a highly conserved region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that could be targeted to boost human antibody responses against any coronavirus. The discovery could aid the development of more powerful antibody drugs and vaccines against COVID-19 and emerging coronaviruses.
A research team from MedUni Vienna found that only neutralizing antibodies can inform us about protection against new infections. The study discovered a previously unknown weak point of the virus, which is a conserved site on the surface of the virus.
A new class of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has been shown to neutralise multiple variants of the virus, providing hope for a better antiviral medication. The antibodies work by attaching to a partially hidden part of the virus' spike protein that would be difficult for it to mutate.
A new study reveals that high-affinity B cells trigger a change in the criteria for admission to germinal centers, allowing low-affinity B cells to join, increasing the diversity of the immune response. This process is crucial for fighting off viruses like SARS-CoV-2 but may hinder efforts against HIV.
Scientists have identified a new class of 'bivalent' antibodies that can bind to two viral targets at once, neutralizing multiple Omicron variants. These potent antibodies retain efficacy against early SARS-CoV-2 variants and several later Omicron sub-lineages.
Research finds that individuals who received monoclonal antibodies before COVID vaccination exhibit a diverse antibody response, increasing the coverage provided by vaccines. This phenomenon, known as antibody feedback inhibition, is beneficial for diversifying immune responses to viruses.
Research found that while broad T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is currently protective, recognition of seven out of ten T-cell targets mutated in COVID-19 variants is impaired. The study suggests ongoing mutation could lead to decreased overall immune system protection.
A new serological test, PepSeq, allows scientists to quickly test antibody binding against hundreds of thousands of protein targets, helping prepare for and respond to pandemics. The technology identifies specific antibodies that provide protection against infection, holding promise for developing effective vaccines and treatments.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have developed a new therapy for Lassa fever using a trio of rare human antibodies that can block viral infection. The therapy, called Arevirumab-3, was tested in non-human primates and proved 100% effective in treating the disease.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered a rare T cell defect tied to the risk of developing MAC disease. People with this defect have fewer specialized Th1* cells, which robs them of an effective immune response to MAC bacteria.
A recent international study has shed light on the inner workings of the adaptive immune response, revealing how killer T cells recognize viral invaders using molecular road signs. The study highlights the crucial role of chaperones in ensuring the stability and longevity of these road signs, allowing for more effective detection and d...
Researchers analyze delta variant's biophysical characteristics, revealing unique traits that evade neutralizing antibodies and contribute to severe symptoms. The study sheds light on why vaccinated individuals can still contract the virus and why delta variant hospitalizations are higher than other variants.
A new study by the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus explores the effects of multiple mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants. The findings suggest that certain mutations work together to improve virus fitness, making it challenging for antibody treatments to neutralize new variants.
Researchers at Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology have developed a new bioinformatics pipeline, CRESSP, to investigate the mechanism underlying autoimmune diseases following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The tool identified potential epitopes responsible for COVID-related autoimmune diseases and predicted cross-reactive epitopes of di...
Research team finds mutations leading to omicron variant don't affect immune response in people with pre-existing immunity. This suggests individuals who were previously infected or vaccinated may still be protected against breakthrough infections, but humoral immunity may fail.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine discovered a peptide on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that triggers an immune response in humans and is also recognized by cells of the immune system, suggesting potential for protection against future zoonotic outbreaks. The study supports the development of multivalent vaccines against a broad spe...
Scientists at Scripps Research identified a common target on the spike protein of multiple coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, that can be targeted by a broad-spectrum vaccine. The discovery could inform the design of effective vaccines and antibody therapies against future coronavirus pandemics.
A new study finds that certain COVID-19 variants can escape the human immune system's cytotoxic T cell response in a significant portion of the population. The researchers identified 1,222 epitopes associated with major HLA subtypes, covering about 90% of the human population.
Researchers identify a previously overlooked site on the HA protein, known as the 'anchor epitope', which can neutralize a wide range of influenza strains. This discovery has significant implications for the development of universal influenza vaccines and antibody therapies.
A study published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences found that the Sputnik-V COVID vaccine elicits both robust antibody and T-cell responses. The research suggests that long-term immunity is possible, supporting the effectiveness of the vaccine against local virus variants.
Researchers at the University of California - San Diego have developed COVID-19 vaccine candidates made from plant viruses and bacteriophages, which can be stored and shipped without refrigeration. These vaccines trigger high production of neutralizing antibodies in mice, offering a potential solution for global distribution efforts.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine found that COVID-19 vaccination antibodies are effective against the delta variant. The study analyzed antibodies generated by people in response to the Pfizer vaccine and found that 12 out of 13 antibodies recognized both alpha and delta variants, while one antibody failed to rec...
Scientists have identified stable T cell vaccine targets in SARS-CoV-2, offering long-lasting protection against multiple variants. The approach, developed for HIV, uses structure-based network analysis to identify mutationally constrained epitopes that can be recognized by immune cells.
A recent study by HKUST scientists analyzed data from over 850 recovered COVID-19 patients and found that most T cell epitopes targeted upon natural infection are unaffected by current SARS-CoV-2 variants. This suggests that T cell responses may be relatively robust, assuming vaccine responses mimic those of natural infection.
A two-step prognostic test can predict patient response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, guiding therapeutic choices before severe symptoms appear. The test combines a disease risk factor score with antibodies produced early in the infection.
A new study reveals a complex co-evolutionary relationship between bacterial antigens and plant immune receptors, with implications for our understanding of the plant microbiome. The research found that synthetic experiments can mimic natural diversity in molecular signals, allowing plants to detect and respond to 'non-self' pathogens.
Researchers identified mutant peptides from SARS-CoV-2 that interfere with killer T cell responses, potentially impacting vaccine efficacy. These mutations stunted T cell proliferation, inflammatory factor production, and overall cell-killing activity.
USC researchers have developed an AI-assisted method that can predict and design effective vaccines against the coronavirus in seconds, rather than months or years. The method uses machine learning to analyze potential mutations and pinpoint the best vaccine candidates, which could help combat the evolving virus.
A new machine learning model, integrated with CT scans of the lungs, surpasses benchmarks in predicting disease severity and supports hospital resource management. Additionally, Owkin develops models to discover coronavirus epitopes that may improve future vaccine efficacy.
A recent study published in Cell Report Medicine has provided a detailed look at the vulnerable sites on the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that T cells can attack. The research found that T cells can recognize dozens of epitopes on the virus, including several additional sites on the spike protein.
A large cohort of COVID-19 patients was analyzed using VirScan technology, revealing epitopes recognized by a large fraction of patients and cross-reactivity with other human coronaviruses. The study also found sex differences in antibody responses and a machine learning model that accurately classified SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.
Researchers analyzed blood samples from 232 COVID-19 patients using VirScan to identify 800 sites of the virus that the immune system can recognize, known as epitopes. The team detected a range of antibody frequencies against various epitopes, with some recognized by 79% of COVID-19 patients.
Scientists have found that a small proportion of individuals possess high levels of antibodies targeting the normal PrP version of the prion protein. These antibodies may be beneficial in targeting pathological aggregates for degradation by phagocytic cells, potentially offering new tools for studying neurodegeneration. The discovery s...
Studies found cross-reactive T cell epitopes in unexposed individuals, suggesting a potential for pre-existing immunity. The discovery sheds light on the mechanisms behind natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
A study from Bar-Ilan University has identified immunodominant epitopes from the SARS-CoV-2 proteome, capable of generating both antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses. The seven identified epitopes are present in over 87% of the worldwide virus-affected population and represent potentially effective vaccine candidates.