Articles tagged with Epitopes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers used existing data from known coronaviruses to predict which parts of SARS-CoV-2 are capable of activating the human immune system. The study identified five regions in the spike glycoprotein, membrane protein, and nucleoprotein that elicit a strong immune response.
A team of HKUST scientists has identified potential vaccine targets for SARS-CoV-2, leveraging genetic similarity with SARS-CoV. The study found that only 20% of SARS-CoV epitopes map identically to SARS-CoV-2, but these promising candidates may offer protection against COVID-19.
Integral Molecular to receive up to $5.5 million from NIAID to study antibody responses to Zika, Marburg and EEV viruses. The company's Shotgun Mutagenesis technology will aid in the discovery of vaccines and therapeutics against these deadly viruses.
A new frankenbody tool has been developed to enable live-cell imaging, using a genetically encoded probe that binds to specific targets. This probe offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional fluorescent protein tags, allowing for real-time visualization of protein dynamics and RNA translation in living cells.
Researchers discovered that B cells specifically binding N-terminal epitopes of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) more efficiently take up and present TG2-gluten complexes to gluten-specific T cells. This suggests that B cells with this specificity are the main antigen-presenting cells for pathogenic T cells in celiac disease.
A new antibody-based probe, called a frankenbody, enables live-cell imaging of proteins by binding to specific targets, like the classic HA tag. This tool allows for real-time visualization of protein dynamics and has applications in RNA translation studies, providing a low-cost solution.
The La Jolla Institute has been awarded a seven-year NIH contract renewal to host and expand the Immune Epitope Database, containing over 530,000 epitopes from 3,600 species. This vast amount of data allows researchers to unlock clues to disease causes by searching for commonalities among different pathogens.
Researchers at the University of Oxford have demonstrated pre-clinical success for a universal flu vaccine by identifying regions of limited variability in the influenza virus. The vaccine targets these regions, which are targeted by the immune system and can induce cross-reactivity to historical strains.
A team of researchers has made a breakthrough discovery in understanding autoimmune diseases, revealing that rogue B cells can trigger an 'override' of the body's tolerance to its tissues. This finding sheds new light on epitope spreading, a hallmark aspect of autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks multiple organs and tissues.
Researchers developed an algorithm that functions like a Rosetta Stone to decipher how the immune system recognizes and binds antigens. The algorithm correctly assigned 81% of human T cells to one of 10 different viral epitopes, showcasing its potential in personalized cancer immunotherapy.
A new study identifies malondialdehyde as a key player in hepatic inflammation and finds it can be neutralized by specific natural antibodies. The research provides a promising approach towards a potential therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
A new study analysing toxic components of various wheat varieties reveals that even ancient types can be toxic through specific epitopes. The research identifies potential breeding techniques to develop non-toxic wheat-based products suitable for coeliac patients, aiming to improve their quality of life.
Scientists have identified thousands of 'spliced epitopes', previously thought rare, which are highly prevalent and play a key role in the immune response. This discovery may lead to new understanding of autoimmune diseases and open opportunities for vaccine development.
Scientists have identified thousands of previously unknown epitopes on the surface of cells, which could lead to a deeper understanding of the immune system and new avenues for therapies. The discovery of 'spliced' epitopes could provide new targets for immunotherapy and vaccine design.
Researchers found that when tumor cells lack sufficient neo-epitopes, they are no longer recognized by T-cells. Epitopes require enzymatic processing for correct trimming and presentation on the cell surface.
Researchers have identified specific antibodies that protect against Zika infection in mice, targeting a region of the virus similar to other flaviviruses like Dengue and West Nile. These findings aim to optimize current vaccine strategies and develop new antibody-based therapeutics.
Scientists have identified broadly neutralizing antibodies that protect against infection by multiple alphaviruses, including Chikungunya virus. These antibodies block key steps in the viral life cycle and can provide protection against multiple related viruses.
A new study reveals how the immune system recognizes enemies on a molecular level and how this process can go wrong, leading to autoimmune diseases. The research also offers insights into training the immune system for vaccine development.
The study identifies tiny differences in protein sequences between cancer cells and healthy tissue, enabling the creation of personalized vaccines. The research aims to improve treatment outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer, which often responds well to surgery and chemotherapy but returns lethally within a year or two.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina have discovered a new target for human antibodies that could hold the key to a vaccine for dengue virus. The team found that natural human antibodies bind to a specific region called an epitope hinge, which is composed of just 25 amino acids.
Researchers have made a significant discovery that could lead to the development of an effective RSV vaccine, a major cause of infant mortality worldwide. The team designed artificial proteins capable of stimulating an immune response against RSV using a new software app.
A new malaria vaccine candidate, Quadvax, has shown promise in overcoming major limitations of earlier designs. By combining AMA1 proteins from multiple strains, scientists have created a more broadly protective vaccine that elicits antibodies against both variable and conserved epitopes on the AMA1 protein.
Researchers found that healthy adults acquire a memory of microbes they've never encountered before, which could explain childhood vulnerability and vaccination effectiveness. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption that immune memory only develops upon exposure.
The La Jolla Institute has secured a seven-year, $22 million contract renewal to further develop the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), a global resource for mining information on immune responses to diseases. The database contains thousands of epitopes and experimental data points, which are crucial for designing vaccines and treatments ...
Scientists have identified molecular differences between disease-indicating proteins and those that exist naturally, enabling the development of reliable diagnostic tests. This breakthrough could lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of fatal diseases, such as cancer.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed synthetic antibodies that can be used for diagnostic tools. By optimizing binding affinity using random peptide sequences, these synbodies show promise in detecting diseases early on.
Researchers have developed a method to extract and present viral surface fragments, known as epitopes, into computer-designed protein scaffolds that lock them in recognizable shapes. This approach has implications for vaccine design and the development of antibodies against HIV/AIDS.
The La Jolla Institute will receive funding to identify epitopes for developing effective vaccines against these diseases. The study aims to make new inroads toward vaccines that can target the body's immune system to launch an attack, with potential applications for tuberculosis and malaria.
The study found major genetic differences between pandemic H1N1 and seasonal flu strains, potentially explaining why children are more susceptible. This difference in molecular makeup may contribute to the lower incidence of H1N1 in older adults due to pre-existing immunity.
Rice University bioengineer Michael Deem has developed a technique to predict the efficacy of H1N1 vaccines by estimating antigenic distance between flu strains. This method assigns a numerical value to the similarity between epitope regions, allowing researchers to refine cell-based approaches and shorten vaccine production time.
The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) is the world's largest collection of scientific data on how the immune system responds to infectious diseases. With its 2.0 launch, researchers worldwide can now easily access and analyze over 95% of published information on immune epitope responses.
A major five-year study will analyze 32 common allergen sources, identifying T cell responses and potential epitope-based therapies. The project may lead to revolutionary new approaches for treating allergies, potentially reducing the need for lengthy desensitization treatments.
Researchers found hundreds of shared epitopes among different virus strains, including conserved regions between avian and human viruses. The study provides key insights into how the immune system recognizes influenza viruses, shedding light on gaps in knowledge and potential vaccine targets.
The La Jolla Institute completed a first-of-its-kind study analyzing all published data worldwide on influenza A virus antibody and T cell epitopes. The study provides critical information for developing vaccines and therapies against both seasonal and pandemic influenza strains.
Researchers found evidence that nitric oxide signaling may be responsible for overproduction in RA patients. The study suggests a new perspective on the disease's cause and could offer insights into other autoimmune diseases.
The study demonstrates an extremely high rate of prediction accuracy (95%) in a very complex pathogen, the vaccinia virus. Bioinformatics was able to reveal the vast majority of epitopes that trigger an effective immune response against the virus.
Researchers identified 37 HIV-1 protein fragments that triggered an immune response in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Healthy donors responded with large quantities of interferon gamma, while infected patients showed only a small proportion of cells mounting an adequate response.
Memory CD8+ T cells reactive to old flu infections exacerbate EBV infection by stimulating different T cell activities, leading to lymphoproliferation and altered disease course. This study highlights the potential importance of cross-reactive T cells in human disease states.
Researchers have discovered the chemical mechanism behind immunodominance, a process where the immune system targets specific pieces of disease-causing molecules. This understanding could lead to the development of more effective vaccines by targeting areas of pathogens that cannot be changed.
The NIAID's Large-Scale Antibody and T Cell Epitope Discovery Program aims to deepen understanding of immune function against certain infectious agents. Researchers will discover new epitopes from various microbes, including those that could be used in bioterrorist attacks, to design improved medical countermeasures.
Researchers have successfully developed a cancer vaccine using low-affinity epitopes that shows high vaccination efficiency in antitumor immunotherapy. The study, published in JCI Journals, offers promising results for the treatment of various types of cancer.
Researchers develop a technique to conjugate peptides to virus-like particles, generating high-titer antibodies that inhibit disease-causing cytokines. This approach shows promise in blocking or delaying onset of autoimmune diseases such as arthritis.
A team of chemists has created a completely synthetic vaccine by synthesizing the epitope of Neisseria meningiditis. The new vaccine uses a system that mimics conventional vaccines and may offer fewer side effects. Researchers are optimistic about the potential for this technology to improve vaccine development in the future.