Articles tagged with Helium
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new method to measure supersonic nozzle pressure uses a 'battle of pressures' between hydrogen and helium, enabling precise control in accelerator technology. This breakthrough has significant applications in miniature satellites, lab-on-a-chip devices, and laser plasma accelerators.
Researchers at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology discover anomalies in electron behavior on liquid helium systems, shedding light on zero-resistance phenomenon in semiconductors. The study sheds new insights into quantum physics and its applications.
A new study published in Springer reveals that numerical calculation approaches developed to simulate collisions can be used to explain antihydrogen formation. The researchers found excellent agreement between two different methods for hydrogen, but identified room for improvement for helium.
A new method using supercomputers simulates the scattering of helium nuclei inside stars, shedding light on the formation of heavier elements. By reducing computational effort, scientists can now model complex processes involving more particles, bringing them closer to understanding the 'Holy Grail of astrophysics': oxygen creation.
The IBEX mission has created the first global maps of how our heliosphere interacts with interstellar space, revealing significant changes over time. The mission also directly measures interstellar neutral atoms flowing into the solar system.
The Pathfinder telescope has completed its first super-cold optical test, achieving significant breakthroughs in cryogenic alignment and testing of primary mirror segments. This test demonstrated the ability to optically test and align the telescope at -400 degrees Fahrenheit, simulating operating temperatures for the L2 Lagrange point.
Researchers found a strong association between helium and groundwater, suggesting that large volumes of helium are being transported into natural gas fields. This discovery indicates that the existing helium reserves may be greater than initially thought.
Researchers found a significant increase in helium-3 to helium-4 ratio at the hot spring closest to the volcano prior to the 2014 eruption. This suggests that helium anomalies are associated with phreatic eruptions, potentially offering valuable insights for long-term risk management and disaster mitigation.
The LADEE spacecraft has confirmed the presence of neon in the lunar atmosphere for the first time, finding it to be relatively abundant. The moon's thin atmosphere is composed mostly of helium and argon, with neon levels varying by time of day.
Researchers at the University of Leicester and CNRS have observed the growth of free nanoparticles in helium gas, revealing new information about their structure. The study found that nanoparticles grow by clustering together under increasing pressure, similar to decaffeination processes.
Scientists have developed a method to manipulate complex oxide materials using only helium ions, enabling single-axis control over their behavior. This technique allows researchers to tune material properties with precision, advancing the understanding and use of these unique materials.
Scientists used Sandia's Z machine to verify the metallic phase of hydrogen, solving a long-standing discrepancy in Saturn's age. The experiment found that dense hydrogen can become atomic, releasing energy that could explain Saturn's temperature.
Researchers mimicked the conditions of distant planets and stars using a laboratory technique, revealing how noble gases behave under extreme pressures and temperatures. This discovery sheds light on the atmospheric and internal chemistry of celestial objects, including the mystery of Saturn's internal heat emission.
Researchers at McGill University successfully tested the Tomonaga-Luttinger theory by creating a mini-faucet that slowed down superfluid helium flow as predicted. The experiment pushed the limits of nanoscale understanding, shedding light on cooperation among atoms in superfluid states.
Physicists have created a stable Efimov state consisting of three helium atoms, exhibiting huge distances between binding partners. The discovery confirms theoretical predictions and opens new avenues for research in quantum mechanics.
Physicists have imaged and controlled the motion of two electrons in a helium atom using attosecond-timed laser pulses. By varying the interval between the ultraviolet and visible pulses, they created a movie of the electronic dance and even influenced its rhythm.
Physicists at Goethe University Frankfurt have used the COLTRIMS reaction microscope to demonstrate that the structure of the helium-3 molecule is a 'cloud' rather than a solid structure. The results resolve a long-standing dispute in theoretical physics and show that all possible configurations are equally probable.
Researchers from the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences developed a theory describing the phenomenon of mysterious communication between fluid reservoirs. The new model suggests that the effect can occur in classical one-component fluids and mixtures, not requiring quantum physics.
Physicists at Brown University have successfully trapped parts of an electron's wave function in liquid helium, a phenomenon that could fundamentally change our understanding of quantum mechanics. The discovery raises questions about the measurement process and the nature of particles at the quantum level.
Researchers have developed a new method to create charged molecules using liquid helium, enabling the creation of stable fullerene dianions. This breakthrough opens up new avenues for chemical research and exploration.
Researchers at Bielefeld University and colleagues successfully cooled to minus 272.15 degrees Celsius using magnetic molecules, surpassing absolute zero. The discovery could provide an alternative to helium-based refrigerants and has implications for various applications such as transparent magnets and nano data memoires.
Researchers use X-rays to explore helium nanodroplets, finding unprecedented quantities of quantum vortices that lead to extreme deformation and anomalous behavior. The study sheds light on the properties of superfluids at microscopic scales.
Researchers detected quantum vortices in nanodroplets of liquid helium, forming a densely packed lattice. The droplets rotated at up to 14 million times per second, defying classical physics.
Researchers have discovered a well-organized 3-D grid of quantum tornadoes inside microscopic droplets of supercooled liquid helium. This formation provides proof of the droplets' quantum state and is different from the lone whirlpool that would form in a regular liquid.
Researchers successfully characterized quantum vortices in helium nanodroplets for the first time, revealing unique features and opening new avenues to study quantum rotation. The discovery confirms that helium nanodroplets are superfluid throughout and exhibit a single quantum object behavior.
Astronomers discovered a star system that could have left behind a 'zombie star' after an unusually weak supernova explosion. The team used Hubble Space Telescope images taken years before the stellar explosion to identify a blue companion star feeding energy to a white dwarf.
Researchers from the University of Leicester used a novel laser technique to study the structure and internal atomic motion of a small cluster containing an acetylene molecule and a single helium atom. The study found that the helium atom rotates and vibrates almost freely, occupying nearly the entire volume within the cluster.
Scientists identified the mix of elements thrown off by the star before its explosion, which helped paint a picture of how heavy elements in the universe are formed. The findings revealed a nitrogen-rich wind similar to those of Wolf-Rayet stars, providing a window into the workings of the cosmos.
Researchers have developed a method to calculate the optimal dose of helium ions for radiation treatment, showing promising results in treating pediatric patients with neuroblastoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The use of helium ions may provide greater accuracy and reduced uncertainties compared to conventional radiotherapy or proton therapy.
Researchers use atmospheric pressure plasma jets to induce biological tissue damage and study DNA damage. The findings suggest that adding gases like oxygen can increase radical species and potentially destroy cancerous tumour cells.
Scientists at Max-Planck Institute discover efficient way to brake molecular ion rotation, opening up new possibilities for laboratory-based astrochemistry. By cooling the rotational temperature using a tenuous gas, researchers can study chemical reactions in space more easily.
Researchers used computer simulations to explore the destruction of a star by a black hole, finding that hydrogen lines are highly ionized and don't appear in spectra. The study provides new insights into the origin of emission lines in tidal disruption events and sheds light on the role of accretion disks.
Neutral interstellar atoms flow into the solar system from a different direction than previously observed, according to IBEX measurements. The longitude of the interstellar helium wind has changed by 6.8 degrees over the past 40 years.
Data from 11 spacecraft shows a change in the direction of the interstellar wind, which may be due to turbulence near our solar system's edge. The heliosphere could be exposed to different directions of wind as it interacts with the local interstellar cloud.
Scientists have discovered a vast plume of iron and micronutrients in the South Atlantic Ocean, challenging previous estimates of iron sources in the world's seas. The finding has profound implications for understanding ocean life and Earth's climate as it suggests that slow-spreading ridges may be a significant source of iron.
Astronomers at CU-Boulder used the Hubble Space Telescope to study a quasar's impact on early universe conditions. The team found that 'sideline quasars' likely teamed up with the bright quasar to heat helium gas, preventing small galaxy formation.
Researchers uncover analogous cratering patterns at the Ries Impact Crater and Mars, while also analyzing camelopard-like camouflage in trilobites. The study of Hydrate Ridge and the Sahara Desert reveals insights into volcanic unrest and paleoweather conditions.
Researchers successfully grew helium crystals under zero gravity, overcoming laboratory limitations to examine the dynamics of these peculiar materials. The crystals formed rapidly, exhibiting an unprecedented Ostwald ripening process that can help reveal the underlying physics of crystal development.
Researchers at CU-Boulder have discovered that the western Grand Canyon was largely carved out of its current depth by about 70 million years ago, during the time of the dinosaurs. This new date challenges the conventional understanding of the canyon's formation and suggests a more complex history of geological events.
A new Caltech study suggests the Grand Canyon was formed over 70 million years ago, contradicting conventional models of its creation. The research uses a novel method to analyze ancient rocks and provides crucial insights into the canyon's incision.
NASA's Solar Dynamic Observatory captured two prominence eruptions on Nov 16, 2012, releasing plasma into space. The eruptions occurred between 1-5 a.m EST and did not appear to be Earth-directed.
Caltech researchers discover that interfaces between metals can absorb radiation damage, maintaining material strength and ductility. Nanopillars with helium bubbles at interfaces show increased strength without embrittlement.
A study published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology found that singing gibbons use the same vocal techniques as professional soprano singers. The research reveals a physiological similarity between gibbon and human voices, suggesting that complex vocal abilities evolved in humans were not due to unique modifications.
Scientists using the Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter have detected helium in the tenuous atmosphere surrounding the Moon. This observation complements previous in-situ measurements and expands our understanding of the lunar atmosphere.
Scientists have detected helium in the tenuous atmosphere surrounding the Moon using NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spectrometer. The discovery complements earlier measurements and raises questions about the helium's origin, with possibilities including radioactive decay or an exterior source like the solar wind.
Researchers found that some baby galaxies from over 12 billion years ago had a high content of heavier elements, similar to our Sun. This suggests potential for planet formation and life in the early Universe. The study used quasars as light sources to analyze the spectral lines and measure the amount of elements.
Astronomers have gathered direct evidence of a supermassive black hole ripping apart a star that strayed too close. The team identified the victim as a helium-rich star in a galaxy 2.7 billion light-years away, providing insights into the harsh environment around black holes.
A team of astronomers led by Suvi Gezari has identified a star rich in helium gas that was ripped apart by the gravitational forces of a supermassive black hole. The star's remains were seen falling into the black hole, while the rest was ejected at high speeds, providing insights into the harsh environment around black holes.
Researchers at Linköping University found that hydrogen renders graphene more useful by making its atomic van der Waals forces repulsive, allowing sheets to float freely apart. This discovery has several potential applications, including storage of hydrogen as vehicle fuel and manufacture of friction-free components on a Nano scale.
A University of Leicester study has fundamentally altered our understanding of lung growth, suggesting that new air sacs continue to form until adulthood. Researchers used magnetic resonance scans and breathing tests to find minimal difference in alveoli size across age groups.
A neutron star spiraling into its companion star caused a unique gamma-ray burst with varying wavelengths and characteristic radii. The Helium Merger Model, developed in 1998, explained the unusual properties of the burst, which may be part of a new class of bursts.
Researchers found two clouds of primordial gas that match theoretical predictions, with a composition of mostly hydrogen and helium. This discovery challenges our understanding of how metals are distributed in the universe and provides new constraints on the modern cosmological explanation for element origins.
New study reveals that helium ion microscopy can image both surface and internal structures in whole cells at nanometer resolutions without the need for metallic coatings or significant loss of resolution.
Physicists have found that supersolid helium has liquid-like characteristics, contradicting previous assumptions of a solid state. The researchers attribute this behavior to moving defects in the crystal structure, which relax at higher temperatures.
German and US researchers have successfully calculated the Hoyle state, an energy-rich form of the carbon nucleus. This achievement is crucial for understanding how life began and may even allow answering philosophical questions using science.
Physicists at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider produce the heaviest antimatter, antihelium-4 nucleus, confirming existing theories about matter and antimatter properties. The discovery will aid in understanding the imbalance of matter and antimatter in the universe.
The Kepler spacecraft provides clear views of changes in star brightness, allowing astronomers to probe a star's core and determine its density and chemistry. The mission helps understand the life cycle of red giant stars, including whether they burn hydrogen or helium in the core.
Researchers from Imperial College London describe a tabletop instrument that produces synchrotron X-rays with energy and quality comparable to some of the largest X-ray facilities in the world. This development could enable more precise investigations at higher resolutions, benefiting scientific and medical advances.
The Goddard team designed a one-of-a-kind structure made of never-before-manufactured composite material that withstood extreme cold temperatures. The structure survived temperatures as low as 27 Kelvin (-411 degrees Fahrenheit), exceeding design requirements.
Recent research challenges previous observations of supersolid helium, proposing that the phenomenon may be caused by quantum plasticity. The study's findings have significant implications for our understanding of ultracold solid helium and its potential to exhibit counterintuitive characteristics.