Articles tagged with Ions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have discovered that deleting specific genes can significantly reduce toxic calcium release in pancreatic cells, which can trigger pancreatitis. The study's findings may lead to the development of more effective treatments for the disease, particularly those related to excessive drinking.
Researchers discovered that prion proteins bind more stably to copper in human bodies, which may prevent their misfolding. The study suggests that copper binding could play a beneficial role in early stages of prion diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology developed a new method, called MAILD, to quickly and reliably detect metabolites in biological samples. The technique uses classical mass spectrometry and enables the measurement of a large number of metabolites, opening doors for targeted and high-throughput metabolomics.
Physicists at NIST demonstrated entanglement in a mechanical system, showing how laboratory technology can be scaled up to build a functional quantum computer. The research involved two pairs of vibrating ions that behaved like balls connected by a spring, even when separated in space.
Researchers at NIST have demonstrated a technique for suppressing errors in quantum computers using an array of ultracold beryllium ions. The new method counteracts random errors caused by stray electric or magnetic fields, reducing error rates up to 100 times more than comparable techniques.
The Office of Naval Research (ONR) has developed a fuel cell powered UAV that can travel farther and carry heavier payloads than earlier battery-powered designs. This technology has the potential to significantly improve energy efficiency and reduce noise levels, making it ideal for military surveillance missions.
Researchers found a key role for disrupted copper regulation in prion disease progression, suggesting that the loss of copper binding ability contributes to neurodegeneration. The study identified a threshold at four extra octarepeats, beyond which changes in molecular properties lead to toxic effects.
Physicists at NIST have demonstrated a new ion trap that enables efficient transport of ions through an X-shaped junction, solving a key engineering issue for future ion-trap quantum computers. The demonstration achieved over 1 million successful transports with minimal heating, making it suitable for large-scale quantum computing.
The Naval Research Laboratory has successfully demonstrated a hydrogen-powered fuel cell design for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which can travel farther and carry heavier payloads than earlier battery-powered designs. The Ion Tiger UAV achieves stealthy characteristics, reducing noise, low heat signature, and zero emissions.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new processing technique that allows for the rapid transit of electrical energy through lithium iron phosphate batteries, enabling faster charging times. The breakthrough could lead to smaller, lighter batteries with improved performance and longer lifespan.
A Purdue University researcher has developed a device that uses high-voltage coils to create ozone inside sealed food packages, killing harmful bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella. The process eliminates the need for external devices or added ingredients, making it a potential game-changer in ensuring food safety.
Researchers have identified a new biomarker for fatal prostate cancer, which is high levels of ionized serum calcium. Men with the highest levels of ionized serum calcium are three times more likely to die of prostate cancer than those with lower levels.
Engineers at NIST have developed a method to slow down penetration of chloride and sulfate ions into concrete, reducing maintenance costs and catastrophic failures. The new technology could save billions of dollars and many lives by extending the service life of concrete.
Scientists at Carnegie Institution create novel 'compound' from pure boron, exhibiting low mass, high strength, and response to neutron irradiation. The discovery builds on previous superconductivity findings in boron and paves the way for understanding its transition to superconductivity under pressure.
The team aims to enhance access and retention in quality HIV care for women of color by developing a web-based data entry and reporting platform. Recent HIV data highlights significant disparities among black and Hispanic women, who account for 82% of AIDS diagnoses despite making up only 24% of all US women.
A new phase of pure boron has been discovered with a partially ionic structure, exhibiting unusual physical properties and bringing surprise to the scientific community. The discovery was made possible by a computational method developed by ETH Zurich researcher Artem Oganov, who predicted the stable crystal structures of materials.
A team of University of Toronto researchers has discovered that heating gold at extremely high rates can make it harder, rather than softer. The study used a technique called 'femtosecond electron diffraction' to observe the effects of rapid heating on the material's atomic structure.
Researchers at the University of Maryland and the University of Michigan have teleported quantum information directly from one atom to another over a substantial distance. They achieved this feat by entangling the quantum states of two individual ytterbium ions, allowing for the transfer of information without physical medium.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have successfully stopped and reaccelerated a stable ion through a newly constructed charge-breeder, bringing the CAlifornium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) Project closer to completion. This achievement is a significant step towards extending the reach of ATLAS to include potentially hu...
Researchers found that the DE3 tide can propagate above 100km and exhibits a 2-year cycle oscillation. The tidal signal was analyzed using TIMED mission data, revealing two dominant Hough modes with annual unimodal distribution.
Researchers detected a stream of perfectly intact hydrogen atoms shooting out of an X-class solar flare, surprising scientists. The discovery suggests that all strong flares might emit hydrogen bursts, which could be detected using the NASA's STEREO spacecraft.
NASA instruments have observed the boundary between the Earth's upper atmosphere and space has moved to extraordinarily low altitudes, with measurements taken by the Coupled Ion Neutral Dynamics Investigation (CINDI) instrument suite on an Air Force satellite.
A team of scientists has discovered a new region of the magnetosphere known as the warm plasma cloak, which affects Earth's space environment. This invisible shield is fed by low-energy charged particles and can impact our daily lives, causing power surges, disrupting radio transmissions, and damaging satellites.
UBC researchers have developed a new class of ultracold plasma made from molecules, which promises to revolutionize our understanding of plasmas and their properties. The technique creates plasmas three orders of magnitude denser than those made with trapped atoms, allowing for higher levels of correlation and potentially leading to ne...
A team of scientists has developed a new material for anodes that can store more lithium ions than graphite, leading to improved battery performance. The highly porous silicon structure allows for rapid charging and discharging, enabling devices like mobile phones and laptops to run for longer periods.
Researchers at NIST create a focused ion beam with cold atoms, offering a non-contaminating alternative to hot gallium ions for nanoscale features and imaging. The technique enables precise cutting and enhanced resolution, opening up new possibilities for nanotechnology and microscopy.
Studies reveal Greenland's ice sheet is thinning due to warming temperatures, while Arctic sea ice loss increases phytoplankton growth. Meanwhile, data from Mars Express spacecraft indicates a comet-like ion tail forms when solar wind sweeps ions into the Martian atmosphere.
A meta-analysis found that many wines contain high levels of metal ions, exceeding the safe threshold and posing potential health risks. The study suggests that these metals may contribute to neurological problems, oxidative damage, and chronic inflammatory diseases.
A new ruthenium catalyst allows for the selective synthesis of primary amines directly from alcohols and ammonia under mild conditions. This process avoids toxic reagents and waste products, making it ecologically and economically beneficial.
A new study shows that a sensitive laser instrument developed at the Idaho National Laboratory can detect minuscule traces of cells in Martian minerals. The technique uses a 'point-and-shoot' laser method to preserve more of the rock and reduce contamination risk, with high sensitivity crucial for NASA's search for life on Mars.
Researchers developed a complex numerical model to represent the conversion of ion concentrations to electrical impulses in eel cells. They found that artificial cells can generate more energy than natural electrocytes, with potential applications for powering small implant devices.
Researchers at the University of Granada have identified the genes responsible for corneal edema-induced blindness. The study revealed that altered ion concentration in endothelial cells leads to barrier dysfunction and oedema. New treatments, including gene therapy, may soon be available to address this condition.
Researchers use twin STEREO spacecraft to detect neutral atoms and map the energized particles at the edge of the solar system. The findings clear up a discrepancy in energy dumped into space by decelerating solar wind, and provide new insights into the heliosheath and its structure.
Researchers discovered a novel structure that enables oxygen ions to move through fuel cells at lower temperatures than previously thought possible. This breakthrough may lead to reduced operating costs and improved efficiency in stationary fuel cells.
Dr. James Melvin, Director of the Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, received the 2008 Salivary Research Award for his studies on ion transport mechanisms underlying fluid secretion. The award recognizes his contributions to advancing research and increasing knowledge to improve oral health.
New research clarifies the effects of disruptive clouds of electrons on GPS signals, leading to reduced accuracy and reliability. The study's findings have potential applications for marine users and land-based GPS equipment.
Researchers at NIST have developed a new class of materials that can store relatively large quantities of hydrogen for later release. The material combines lithium amide with lightweight metal hydrides, resulting in improved hydrogen storage properties.
The '4D' ionosphere map provides a real-time, three-dimensional view of the ionosphere, allowing users to plan flights over the poles and predict potential radio blackouts. The tool uses satellite data to forecast changes in electron density and warn users of impending weather conditions.
Researchers developed an improved OLED sealing process to reduce moisture intrusion, improving device lifetime. The new method uses a thin-film barrier made from a high-density SiON film, resulting in no degradation after seven months in an open-air environment.
Researchers warn of unforeseen environmental and health consequences of nanosilver in consumer products, as simple experiments show nanoparticle silver can leach into waterways. Improved product labeling is proposed to increase public awareness.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have developed a compound that captures and separates radioactive ions, including strontium 90, from inert materials. The synthetic sulfide-based compound can strip away 99% of the radioactive element within a few hours.
The NIST quantum logic clock uses an aluminum atom to apply computer logic to the quantum world, rivaling the mercury ion's accuracy and offering a new approach to measuring fundamental constants. The clocks were compared with record precision, allowing scientists to measure their relative frequencies to 17 digits.
A team of Northwestern University chemists has developed a new metal sulfide material, KMS-1, that can effectively remove strontium, a major component of nuclear waste, by exploiting its unique properties. The material works across the pH scale and outperforms existing methods in terms of selectivity and efficiency.
Researchers at PNNL have made a significant breakthrough in understanding how barium oxide attaches to gamma-alumina, a crucial step in reducing toxic nitrogen oxide emissions. The discovery has the potential to improve the efficiency of lean burn engines, which offer up to 35% better fuel economy.
Physicists at JILA demonstrate a next-generation atomic clock based on thousands of strontium atoms trapped in laser light grids, surpassing the current U.S. time standard by over 200 million years. The clock's precision enables synchronization of telecom networks and deep-space communications.
German researchers have developed a new class of inorganic ionic conductor materials with a structure analogous to the mineral argyrodite. These materials exhibit unusually high lithium mobility, which is essential for enhancing the performance of rechargeable batteries.
A population-based study found that having a primary physician and high continuity of care lowered emergency department use among elderly patients. Additionally, rural residence, low socioeconomic status, and higher physician-to-population ratio were associated with increased emergency department use.
Researchers have found that peanut husks can extract up to 95% of copper ions from waste water, while pine sawdust achieves only 44% extraction. The process works best at slightly acidic conditions, making it a promising solution for reducing toxic copper levels in natural resources
Italian researchers propose that copper transport protein Ctr1 binds platinum ion from cisplatin, stabilizing the trimeric channel structure and enabling endocytosis. This process allows cisplatin to accumulate in organelles, including the nucleus, where it exerts its antitumor effects.
Scientists have developed a technique to generate light and reduce damage in extreme ultraviolet lithography by adding a lighter gas to the plasma. This reduces the number and energy of xenon ions reaching the collector surface, extending its lifetime while maintaining minimal impact on light production.
Researchers used atom probe tomography to observe distributions of individual dopant atoms in semiconductor devices, finding clusters around defects that persist even after thermal treatment. This limits the scalability of semiconductor devices.
Researchers at NIST create a process to fine-tune the electrical resistance of individual layers in magnetic sensors, enabling faster and more efficient data storage. By using highly charged ions to create tiny pits, the team can tailor the resistance of the sensor without changing any other part of the device.
A team of researchers defined how metal ions bind to amyloid fibrils in the brain, appearing toxic to neurons. The findings suggest that only one way of binding appears toxic, while others may be harmless.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry have developed a novel, noninvasive sensor that couples ion streams directly to microelectronic devices using direct cell–chip contact. This breakthrough enables selective measurement techniques for diagnostics and drug research without destroying the cells.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory discovered a giant magnetocaloric effect in gadolinium-silicon-germanium alloys, which could lead to environmentally friendly magnetic refrigeration systems. The discovery reveals the role of non-magnetic germanium ions in enhancing magnetic interactions.
Researchers from University of Cincinnati have found a connection between flexibility and ion motion in solid electrolytes. The team, led by Punit Boolchand, synthesized materials that exhibit three elastic domains and demonstrated increased electrical conductivity in the flexible phase.
New nanocomposites may mean more durable tooth fillings, according to scientists at NIST. The researchers' technique solves a problem with standard composite resin fillings by producing stronger and more effective restorations.
X-ray scattering techniques have been successfully applied to determine how dissolved metal ions interact in solution, revealing their structures and long-range interactions. This research helps understand how metal ions behave in the environment and has implications for predicting reactions to metal contaminants.
SHIMMER is the first satellite-based instrument using spatial heterodyne spectroscopy to image the Earth's atmosphere and track altitude profiles of the hydroxyl radical. CITRIS will detect scintillation and refraction in the ionosphere, providing global maps of ionospheric densities and irregularities to improve navigation systems.
Scientists at NIST have designed a computer-generated molecule that can cleanly remove fluorine from fluorocarbons. The new compound is designed to mimic the selectivity of enzymes and could potentially replace toxic organometallic compounds, which are currently used but highly inefficient.