Articles tagged with Organic Carbon
Researchers found that the 2013-2015 heatwave known as 'the Blob' reduced the Pacific Ocean's ability to absorb carbon dioxide, leading to a decrease in its role as a carbon sink. Microbial communities responded by shifting towards more nutrient-limited conditions, hindering the ocean's biological pump.
A new kind of concrete made from recycled waste materials could significantly reduce the industry's carbon footprint. The calcium carbonate concrete uses captured carbon dioxide and discarded concrete to create a durable and versatile building material.
A study using ALMA revealed that protoplanetary disks around five young stars are factories of organic molecules, including nitriles implicated in the origins of life. The discovery provides insights into planetary system formation and whether these systems have what it takes to host life.
Scientists have developed novel gas sensors with improved detection sensitivity and durability by combining organic and inorganic materials. The hybrid sensors boast high durability and high sensitivity, making them suitable for portable gas sensing applications.
A new study reveals significant differences in forest recovery rates across Amazonian countries, with some experiencing little to no recovery even 20 years after deforestation. The research highlights the need for targeted interventions to protect and restore remaining forests.
A new model integrates advanced models and observational data to track carbon cycles in agroecosystems, validating its performance and demonstrating its potential for estimating different carbon components. This solution has the potential to advance precision agriculture and inform sustainable farming practices.
Dicrateria rotunda is found to synthesize saturated hydrocarbons with carbon numbers ranging from 10 to 38, categorizing them as petrol, diesel oils, and fuel oils. The ability to produce these hydrocarbons is common to the entire Dicrateria genus.
A new study reveals that coal fly ash makes up a significant portion of particulate organic carbon carried by the Yangtze River in China. The study found that human activities, such as coal burning, have an outsized impact on river sediment, comparable to natural processes.
A study reveals that fly ash accounts for 37-72% of fossilized particulate organic carbon flux in the Yangtze River basin. The results suggest anthropogenic carbon cycling can match the pace of geological cycles through various mechanisms.
The Skoltech team used ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry to study the molecular composition of carbonaceous chondrites from Murchison and Allende meteorites. They discovered a wide diversity of chemical compounds and unexpected similarities between meteorites from different groups.
A research team has discovered organic carbon compounds in fluid inclusions from the Dresser Mine in Australia, dating back 3.5 billion years. These findings suggest that primordial microbes may have had the necessary conditions to exist on Earth at this time.
A recent study by Tulane University researchers found that human-made levees on the Mississippi River have reduced the amount of organic carbon released into the atmosphere. The team measured sediment ages and deposition times, revealing that ancient carbon was buried at a slower rate before modernization.
A new study from USC provides a universal accounting method to measure organic carbon accumulation and cycling in the ocean. The framework reconciles competing theories and explains how oceans regulate organic carbon across time.
Soil organic carbon turnover is linked to temperature and precipitation patterns, suggesting that monitoring riverine carbon can track climate change impacts; this study provides new insights into the relationships between climate, soil carbon, and global carbon cycles.
Researchers have developed a new reaction, called ASHA ligation, for efficiently forming amide bonds under mild aqueous conditions. This method is fast, chemoselective, and broadly applicable, opening pathways to new approaches in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
Researchers have discovered that ocean anoxic zones, which lack dissolved oxygen, are teeming with life and play a crucial role in the Earth's carbon cycle. The study found that microbes can still eat organic carbon but respiring sulfate, known as cryptic sulfur cycling, leading to more organic carbon deposits in sediments.
A study analyzing global tree-ring datasets reveals that trees in tropical climates grow two times faster than those in temperate regions but have significantly shorter lifespans. Warmer temperatures above 25.4?C are associated with reduced tree longevity, likely due to water stress.
Red Sea mangroves have been found to be capable of removing more carbon from the atmosphere through the dissolution of calcium carbonate. The study highlights the importance of considering calcium carbonate dissolution in mangrove ecosystems as a significant carbon storage mechanism.
A KAUST team used an underwater robot to investigate the mesopelagic zone in the Red Sea, where warming waters and oxygen depletion slow organic carbon flow. The study found that most organic carbon is converted back into CO2 by microorganisms within days, with only a small percentage sinking to depths for centuries.
A study reveals carbon dioxide from volcanic eruptions likely caused the end-Triassic mass extinction. The apparent increase in light carbon may have been caused by local sea level decline and microbial mats prior to the event.
The researchers synthesized a unique molecule that absorbs near infrared light, despite having only hydrogen and carbon atoms. The molecule's narrow gap between its highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) makes it useful for developing next-generation solid-state materials.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory developed new global models to study the impact of environmental controllers on soil organic carbon, reducing uncertainty in predicting climate change impacts. The models improve the spatial representation of soil organic carbon in Earth system models.
A Colorado State University-led study found that afforestation may not be as effective at removing excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as previously thought. The research suggests that ratios of soil organic carbon underneath afforested areas vary greatly across different ecosystems and climates.
The deep seafloor is a largely unexplored habitat that plays a critical role in the Earth's carbon cycle. Long-term studies at Station M have dramatically changed marine biologists' perceptions of life in the deep sea, revealing dynamic changes and connections between surface and seafloor conditions.
A University of Michigan study found that organic carbon in thawing permafrost soils can be converted to carbon dioxide by sunlight, known as photomineralization. This process could contribute an additional 14% of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, increasing global warming by 0.3-0.4°C.
Researchers at Kanazawa University have developed a novel method for generating alkyl radicals under mild conditions using organoboron compounds and visible-light. The new protocol enables the generation of bulky tertiary alkyl radicals and unstable methyl radicals, which are useful carbon sources for chemical reactions.
Scientists have detected 4-billion-year-old nitrogen-bearing organic compounds in a Martian meteorite, suggesting early Mars may have been habitable and favourable for life to start. The discovery provides strong evidence that evidence for early life can be preserved and detected today.
Research reveals that organic carbon particles in cookstove emissions are equally potent agents of atmospheric warming as black carbon, with potential health risks from high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The study's findings have significant implications for regional climate change and Paris Agreement targets.
The European Research Council has awarded 2.5 million euros to the e-DOTS project, led by Ikerbasque Professor Maurizio Prato, to explore the structure and properties of carbon nanodots for biomedical imaging and therapeutic applications. The project aims to develop an automated system to discover new nanodots with tailored properties.
A recent study found that fragmentation of large organic particles into small ones accounts for roughly half of particle loss in the ocean, controlling sequestration of sinking organic carbon. Sinking particles like plankton and detritus play a critical role in lowering atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.
Researchers at Emory University have developed a new approach to organic synthesis that can efficiently transform simple molecules into complex ones with 3D structures. This method opens up whole new chemical space for potential drug targets, enabling the creation of more direct and efficient pathways for pharmaceutical research.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have discovered a direct link between ancient carbon, graphite particles from hydrothermal vents, and seafloor sediments. This finding sheds new light on the dynamics of the marine carbon cycle, revealing that organic carbon can be converted to graphite at vents.
A new study suggests that volcanic eruptions triggered by tectonics led to the Great Oxidation Event, a significant increase in oxygen in Earth's atmosphere about 2.5 billion years ago. The research proposes that this event was also linked to a change in the composition of carbon isotopes in carbonate rock record.
Researchers found that converting degraded pasture to oil palm plantations reduces stored carbon loss associated with rainforest clearing, but can lead to initial soil organic carbon loss. However, the carbon is later redistributed within the soil, resulting in long-term recovery of topsoil organic carbon.
Scientists have found millimeter- to centimeter-sized wood fragments in sediment cores from the Bengal Fan, a large deposit in the Bay of Bengal. This discovery suggests that wood burial at continental margins may be a previously overlooked component of carbon sequestration.
Researchers found that different clay minerals interact with organic matter to varying degrees, affecting carbon sequestration. Smectite and kaolinite form stable complexes with organic substances, while mica and chlorite bind tightly with continental carbon.
Australian researchers have fabricated a self-assembled, carbon-based nanofilm where the charge state can be controlled at the level of individual molecules. The system has exciting implications for fields like computer memory, light-emitting devices and quantum computing.
Researchers discovered that glacial meltwaters in Canada are a net carbon dioxide sink due to consumption of CO2 in mineral weathering. This finding suggests that glacial meltwaters globally may also act as unrecognized sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Researchers found that deforested areas leach older, biodegradable organic carbon into rivers, which is consumed by microbes and released as CO2. This process could jeopardize local ecosystems and fuel the greenhouse effect.
Researchers discovered that organic carbon is preserved in sediments due to strong chemical bonds with minerals, preventing it from decomposing. This process helps maintain a stable balance of gases in the atmosphere, allowing for oxygen to remain available for human consumption.
A recent study reveals that around 17% of total organic carbon in Siberian rivers originates from thawing permafrost and peat deposits. The research found that particulate organic carbon contributed to more than half of the river's total organic content.
A Dartmouth College study reveals a complex relationship between climate change, wetland loss, and mercury pollution in marine food webs. Higher levels of mercury are associated with higher organic carbon in coastal waters, leading to increased methylmercury levels in estuarine fish.
A study by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution scientists found that deep-sea microbes are unable to fully utilize organic carbon due to its scarcity and physical isolation. The research suggests that the unique environment of deep sediments may limit life on Earth and provide insights into the possibility of extraterrestrial microbia...
A study simulating Amazonian peatland dynamics from 2100 AD to 12,000 years ago finds that peatlands may become a net source of carbon under changing climate conditions. Basin peatland and non-peatland soils are predicted to release up to 0.4 petagrams of carbon by 2100.
A RUDN scientist studied Tibetan soils and found that simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization decreases organic carbon content. This study challenges agricultural practices and suggests modifying management of alpine grasslands to prevent CO2 loss.
A recent study reveals that eelgrass meadows store significant amounts of organic carbon, comparable to tropical seagrass species and mangroves. The distribution area of these meadows has decreased by at least 1/3rd over the past 50 years, highlighting the urgent need for conservation efforts.
Scientists analyzed three Martian meteorites to find electrochemical reactions between briny liquids and volcanic minerals created the organic carbon. This process has implications for understanding habitability and could occur elsewhere in the solar system.
Research suggests that Vibrio species have a crucial role in marine organic carbon cycling, particularly in coastal environments. These bacteria can rapidly consume and transform organic matter into cell material and waste products.
Organic matter sulfurization can occur on the timescale of just hours to days, according to new research published in Nature Communications. This process may have sizable implications for understanding the past and future of the Earth's climate.
The study reveals that the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are net sinks for atmospheric CO2, absorbing around 8.5×10^6 t C annually. The ECS absorbs CO2 during winter, spring, and summer, while the YS releases CO2 in summer, autumn, and winter.
A recent study shows that common soil carbon measurement methods, including clod, core, and excavation, yield significantly different results. The core method was found to greatly underestimate soil organic carbon stocks, particularly in deeper soil layers.
A research team at USTC developed a facile method for preparing functional carbon materials from small organic molecules. The transition metal-assisted carbonization process produces CMs with high carbon yield, desired microstructures, and abundant heteroatoms.
A 1.4 billion-year-old lake deposit in Ontario has provided fresh evidence of the Earth's atmosphere and biosphere during a time leading up to animal life. The findings suggest that oxygen levels were much lower than today, with primary productivity being less than half as high.
Researchers estimate that the Milky Way contains about 10 billion trillion trillion tonnes of greasy matter, equivalent to 40 trillion trillion trillion packs of butter. The discovery could have implications for understanding the origins of life in the universe.
A new photocatalyst composed of an organic semiconductor material and an iron complex selectively reduces CO2 to CO under visible light, converting the major factor of global warming into a valuable carbon resource. The efficiency of this process is comparable to that of precious metal or rare metal complexes.
Scientists have created a new type of carbon that stores more lithium ions and charges faster than current industry standard graphite. The new material, OSPC-1, has improved safety features, including not forming dendrites that can cause batteries to explode.
Comet-derived IDPs contain presolar interstellar dust, such as GEMS, with organic carbon mantles that decompose at high temperatures. The results suggest that GEMS formed in a cold environment and represent surviving building blocks of the Solar System.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab used infrared light and electron microscopy to study interplanetary particles, finding they contain pre-solar dust leftover from the solar system's formation. The dust, consisting of carbon, ices, and disordered silicate, was mostly destroyed by planet formation processes.
The discovery of ancient organic molecules in Martian sedimentary rocks increases the chances of finding evidence of habitability and potential life on Mars. The findings suggest that NASA's Curiosity rover may have discovered record-breaking amounts of organic carbon, comparable to those found in meteoritic samples.
A recent study published in Science Advances has analyzed the nanostructure of chicken eggshells to better understand their role in embryo development. The findings suggest that specific characteristics of the eggshell could be genetically selected to produce healthier, more robust eggs.