Articles tagged with Salts
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Dr. David Pollock emphasizes the importance of considering the endothelin system in hypertension research, particularly in salt-sensitive patients. His studies have shown that the kidney's endothelin B receptor plays a critical role in eliminating both acute and chronic salt loads by activating nitric oxide.
Researchers at Salk Institute use salt-sniffing roundworms to show how the nervous system processes sensory information, revealing a complex interplay between neurons and signaling molecules. Insulin is identified as a key player in mediating this process, acting rapidly to transfer information from one neuron to another.
Researchers at the University of Glasgow found that low chloride levels are associated with a higher risk of death and cardiovascular disease in people with hypertension. The study, published in Hypertension, reveals an independent link between chloride and mortality risk, contradicting previous associations with sodium.
Researchers developed plasma-treated carbon nanotube membranes that can remove contaminants and brine from water effectively. These new membranes could be integrated into portable devices the size of a tea pot for efficient and inexpensive water purification.
Researchers at Oregon State University have identified a compound in table salt that can prevent the collapse of silicon nanostructures, allowing for mass commercial production. This breakthrough could lead to new applications in fields like photonics, biological imaging, and batteries.
A unique shell design on guillemot eggs allows them to survive exposed cliffs with no nests. The nano-scale cone-like structures act as self-cleaning guardians, preventing eggs from falling and protecting them from salt and guano exposure.
A new method for desalinating seawater has been developed by chemists at the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Marburg. The process uses a small electrical field to remove salts from seawater, achieving 25% desalination rates.
Researchers from Bonn University found that particulate matter salt compounds can decrease the drought tolerance of trees, leading to forest decline. The study reveals a physical mechanism where deliquescent salts form wick-like structures that remove water from leaves, promoting dehydration.
The average UK salt content of packaged bread fell by 20% from 2001 to 2011, reducing the risk of heart disease and other health problems. Despite this progress, significant variations in salt levels among different products persisted.
Researchers found competing input from two types of taste-sensing cells in fruit flies controls perception of salty foods. The study suggests a tug-of-war principle between attractive and repellant signals, with implications for human salt regulation and potentially leading to better salt substitutes.
Researchers at UCSB have discovered the mechanisms behind salt-mediated behaviors in fruit flies, shedding light on sensory biology and its connection to human brain function. The study reveals that two distinct types of neurons compete to regulate behavioral outputs, with one type activated by low-salt and another by high-salt.
Designer stimulants, packaged as 'bath salts' or household products, have become a growing concern in the US, with reports of agitation, fast heart rates, and violent behavior. Research suggests that these substances can be deadly, with no formal guidelines for medical treatment of acute toxicity.
Research from the American Society of Hypertension meeting shows that mobile phone calls can increase blood pressure, while yoga can lower it. A study also found that hypertensive individuals prefer more salt in their food but can curb this desire with other seasonings.
Northwestern University researchers have discovered a new method for extracting gold that uses cornstarch instead of cyanide, leaving behind other metals. The process is environmentally benign and more efficient than current commercial methods.
New Northwestern Medicine study finds sodium content in processed foods and fast-food restaurants unchanged between 2005-2011. The industry's failure to reduce salt levels poses significant public health risks, including high blood pressure and heart disease.
Sodium intake in the US has increased over the last decade, with grains and meat being the largest contributors, despite public health efforts to decrease consumption. Innovative solutions like SODA-LO Salt Microspheres are needed to reduce sodium content in food supplies.
Researchers found at least 759 seismic events before the mine collapse and 569 aftershocks, with some evidence of up to 1,022 seismic events and 1,167 aftershocks, indicating a larger collapse area extending to the west end of the mine
A high-salt diet significantly increases the risk of gastric cancer in animals infected with Helicobacter pylori. The study found that CagA, a bacterial oncoprotein produced by H. pylori, plays a key role in cancer development.
Researchers have revised the history of large earthquakes in the area, showing that the Salt Lake City segment has been more active than previously thought. The study contributes to forecasting probabilities for future earthquakes in the Wasatch Front region.
Researchers have found that Yak-a-mein soup, a traditional Korean dish, contains ingredients like cysteine and salts that can help alleviate hangover symptoms. The soup's nutrients can also aid in replenishing lost sodium, potassium, and other essential minerals.
A new study finds that importing freshwater to irrigate crops has dramatically increased the natural saltiness of Saharan groundwater, endangering date palm farming. The researchers discovered a previously overlooked low-saline water source that dilutes the saltiness of nearby groundwater aquifers.
Studies show that reducing salt intake lowers blood pressure, reduces the risk of stroke and heart disease. Increasing potassium intake also has significant health benefits, with reduced blood pressure and a lower risk of stroke in adults. Lowering sodium intake should be part of public health efforts to reduce cardiovascular diseases.
A review of literature suggests that lowering salt intake is associated with decreased cardiovascular disease and mortality. National studies in Finland and Great Britain show a significant decrease in death due to stroke and coronary heart disease after instituting a national salt-reduction program.
A study found that high salt intake can induce aggressive immune cells involved in triggering and sustaining autoimmune diseases. This is the result of increased sodium chloride leading to a dramatic induction of Th17 immune cells, which play a pivotal role in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis.
A study by the Broad Institute's Klarman Cell Observatory reveals a link between Th17 cells, autoimmunity, and salt consumption, highlighting the interplay of genetics and environmental factors in disease susceptibility. The research provides new avenues for regulating these cells to prevent or treat autoimmune diseases.
Researchers have made a surprising connection between autoimmunity and salt consumption, highlighting the interplay of genetics and environmental factors. The study's findings could lead to new ways to regulate T helper 17 cells and their function in autoimmune diseases.
Researchers at Yale School of Medicine found that dietary salt can induce and worsen pathogenic immune system responses in mice, leading to a more severe form of multiple sclerosis. They discovered the key molecular pathway involved in this response and proposed regulatory networks that govern autoimmune disease.
A new study reveals that mountains can play a crucial role in triggering lake-effect snowstorms over large bodies of water. The research found that three key mountain-related factors were necessary to produce the October 2010 storm that hit metropolitan Salt Lake City and the Wasatch Range.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center have identified two opposing behaviors triggered by salt concentrations in mammals, allowing them to avoid high-salt diets. The discovery may lead to the development of taste modulators to control appetite and reduce the effects of excessive sodium intake.
Implementing three cost-effective interventions - tobacco control, reduced salt intake, and appropriate drug treatment - could rapidly reduce NCD deaths and disabilities. The proposed measures could cost governments as little as $1-2 per head in low-income nations.
Researchers found that cues for rewards can instantly transform motivation, with even unpleasant events becoming desired. The study used salt appetite to demonstrate how powerful neural mechanisms can turn a repulsive cue into an attractive one.
A national salt reduction campaign in the UK led to a decline in adults adding salt at the table, from 32.5% to 23.2%, over five years. The campaign showed a greater reduction after its introduction, with differences found among demographic groups, including women and younger age groups.
A team of researchers found that an inner layer of tissue in the branching roots is sensitive to salt and activates Abscisic Acid, which stops root growth. This study provides new insights into how plants cope with stressful environments and could lead to the development of salt-resistant crops.
Microorganisms have been found living in salt deposits of Río Tinto River in Spain, which share similarities with those on Mars. These discoveries provide crucial insights into the habitability potential of Mars and suggest that similar environments may exist elsewhere.
A new study in humans published by Cell Press reveals that sodium levels actually fluctuate rhythmically over the course of weeks, independent of salt intake. The study, which examined cosmonauts participating in space-flight simulation studies, challenges widely accepted assumptions about sodium balance.
A simulated Mars mission revealed rhythmic fluctuations in sodium levels with 7-day and monthly cycles, suggesting sodium storage and implications for blood pressure control. The study found that nearly all ingested salt was excreted in urine, but not daily, and that hormonal responses also fluctuated with these cycles.
A new study from the University of Warwick found that people from low socio-economic positions in Britain consume more salt than their wealthier counterparts, regardless of where they live. This association is significant and suggests a need for targeted interventions to address social inequalities in salt intake.
Scientists at the University of Luxembourg have developed a new calculation technique that accurately predicts the B-Z transition in DNA, which can lead to cancer. The breakthrough enables the prediction of material properties such as melting temperatures and elasticity with high accuracy.
Researchers at Brown University have discovered how ingesting too much silver leads to argyria, a rare condition where skin turns grayish-blue. The study shows that silver nanoparticles are broken down into silver salt in the stomach, which is then absorbed into the bloodstream and deposited in the skin.
Researchers at Sam Houston State University are creating a laboratory test to detect key components of bath salts in biological samples. The new test will target eight common synthetic cathinones found in the substance, which poses significant challenges for law enforcement agencies and forensic toxicology labs.
A new paper by a Michigan State University professor argues that medical organizations should consider the varying degrees of health risk within racial groups when making recommendations. He suggests adding phrases to dietary guidelines and screening recommendations to be more specific and socially responsible.
A new study reveals that climate change will have devastating effects on the Baltic Sea, including a decline in species diversity and a rise in eutrophication. Researchers found that reducing nutrient run-off from land may help mitigate these changes.
China is experiencing a rising epidemic of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, leading to an increasing burden of cardiovascular disease. The country has seen a significant increase in smoking rates, with 54% of men smoking and 92 million people living with type 2 diabetes.
Researchers are developing molten-salt-based CSP heat transfer fluids with low melting points and low corrosivity to generate steam and electrical power efficiently and cost-effectively. The goal is to reach temperatures of up to 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit to overcome nocturnal drop in power generation capability.
Archaeologists discovered burnt artefacts in the Molí del Salt site in Tarragona, Spain, dating back to the end of the Upper Palaeolithic Age. The recycling of stone tools was common for domestic activities and linked to expedited behaviour.
Researchers found that aerosol particles in the Amazon rainforest, including those containing organic compounds and terpenes, often have high levels of potassium salts. These salts play a crucial role in cloud formation by providing seeds for liquid droplets to condense on.
Research reveals that the skin and immune system play a crucial role in regulating sodium balance and hypertension. The immune system's macrophages activate genes that control the growth of lymphatic vessels, allowing for the transport of stored sodium away from the body.
The study discovered that the claudin-10 gene plays a crucial role in reabsorbing sodium chloride in the kidney. In its absence, mice exhibit elevated magnesium levels and excess calcium deposition in the kidneys, highlighting the importance of this gene in maintaining salt balance.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have identified a new genetic target, pendrin, for diuretic therapy. The study suggests that targeting pendrin could lead to a targeted treatment option for patients with severe fluid overload who may not respond well to current diuretics.
Peter J. Stang, a renowned University of Utah organic chemist, has been awarded the 2013 Priestley Medal from the American Chemical Society for his pioneering work in supramolecular chemistry. The gold medal recognizes his research on complex molecules with potential applications in drug delivery and oil refining.
New study reveals that mephedrone activates brain's reward circuits similarly to cocaine, increasing addictive potential and compulsive drug taking. The findings justify maximum restriction of bath salts access by the FDA.
Researchers sequenced the salt cress genome, identifying genes that contribute to its high salt tolerance. The study sheds light on the genetic characteristics underlying plant stress tolerance, with potential applications for agricultural crop improvement.
A NUS-led team has discovered how bacteria respond to salt changes using specialized protein molecules that change shape in response to environmental salt concentrations. This finding provides a unified model of how bacteria sense their environment and has immediate applications in understanding life processes across species.
Research published in BMJ Open found that over half of inner city school-kids in deprived areas consume fast foods/drinks at least twice a week. The most common reasons for buying fast food were taste and ready access, while peer influence played a significant role among frequent consumers.
A study found that a high-salt diet can damage blood vessels, increasing the risk of developing hypertension. Researchers analyzed data from over 5,500 men and women and found that those consuming the most sodium were 21-86% more likely to develop high blood pressure.
Researchers from UCL and EPFL have successfully created a material that mimics the behavior of traditional bar magnets, but at the quantum level. By manipulating the spins of tiny atoms in a transparent salt, they achieved an antiferromagnetic configuration, similar to large bar magnets, without the usual complications.
Scientists from University of Utah and Harvard develop method to detect changes in CO2 emissions of 15% or more using three monitoring stations. The method is a proof-of-concept step towards verifying compliance with future greenhouse gas treaties.
A new Harvard report presents preliminary data showing that taxing salt products or implementing industry reductions can lead to significant reductions in cardiovascular disease deaths. The study found that these strategies could save money by reducing healthcare costs associated with hypertension and CVD events.
A study by an international team of researchers found significant variations in salt levels among fast foods sold by major companies across developed countries. The study analyzed data on over 2,100 food items from six companies and found that some countries had much higher sodium content than others.
Scientists have developed a new approach to capturing carbon dioxide from smokestacks using nitrogen-based ionic liquids. The technology avoids pitfalls of current methods by being odorless, non-evaporative and easily recyclable.