Articles tagged with Salts
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Research reveals that clay layers can affect water and salt transport due to electro-osmosis, a process caused by differences in electrical potential. Katja Heister's study examined the impact of streaming and membrane potentials on water transport through dense clay layers.
Researchers at Purdue University found that African-American and Caucasian adolescent girls handle sodium and calcium differently, leading to varying rates of hypertension and osteoporosis. The study concluded that excessive salt intake reduces bone density in both races, with Caucasian girls losing more calcium through their urine.
Research by A. Saari Csallany suggests that repeated heating of polyunsaturated oils for frying can lead to the accumulation of toxic compounds like HNE. The study aims to determine the optimal lower temperature for oil heating to prevent HNE formation and its related diseases.
Researchers from WHOI studied salt fingers in the tropical Atlantic, injecting a tracer into the ocean and measuring its spread nine months later. The results showed enhanced mixing of salt and heat, with salt fingers playing a crucial role in shaping the ocean's temperature and salinity structure.
Researchers found that many runners dilute their sodium levels during long races due to excessive water intake. The study recommends individualized fluid-replacement consumption for all competing athletes to prevent hyponatremia, a potentially life-threatening condition.
A warmer climate could lead to increased road salt use due to more precipitation falling as sleet and freezing rain, but this might also reduce ski traffic and winter economy. The study aims to model climate change impacts on salt and sand usage in the Adirondack Park.
Archaeological findings reveal extensive ancient Maya salt workshops beyond royal control, while researchers investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 in inducing neuropathic pain. Atmospheric pollution is linked to wheat disease prevalence, and microarray technology helps diagnose skin cancer stages. Serotonin levels may regulate e...
Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a novel method for detecting fingerprints based on the chemical elements present in fingerprint residue. The technique, known as micro-X-ray fluorescence, detects sodium, potassium, and chlorine elements that are often present in human fingerprints.
A new technique using micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) rapidly reveals elemental composition of fingerprints, allowing for detection of chemical markers and revealing environmental clues. This non-destructive method could provide a valuable complement to traditional fingerprinting, particularly in tracking down missing children.
Researchers at Purdue University discovered that a group of plants called metal hyperaccumulators can store high levels of metal in their tissues, making them resistant to pathogens. This trait allows these plants to thrive in soils naturally enriched in metals without succumbing to diseases like powdery mildew.
Dietmar Kueltz's team discovered genetic switches that enable certain fish to thrive in both freshwater and saltwater environments. These switches, involving transcription factors, allow the fish to resist stress and potentially survive other environmental challenges like climate change.
Scientists developed a high-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy system to study chemical underpinnings of everyday catalytic, biological, and ecological phenomena. They found that negatively charged ions concentrate at the surface of salt grains as they dissolve in water.
Women physicians are drawn to temporary jobs for schedule flexibility, while men prefer part-time work. The study found 85% of LT physicians were board-certified, raising concerns about the future of healthcare staffing if more women choose temporary jobs.
The Mars rover mission has discovered evidence of prolonged presence of salty, acidic water on Mars' surface, making it a potential habitable place. The findings suggest that conditions were suitable for life to exist in the past.
Researchers at the University of Florida have developed a technology that can harness waste heat from electrical power plants to produce millions of gallons of fresh water daily. The system, which employs mass diffusion, reduces energy costs compared to traditional desalination methods.
Researchers from UGA found that Georgia's recent drought, combined with an opportunistic parasite, led to the decline in blue crab numbers. The study reveals that the delicate balance of saltwater and freshwater in coastal estuaries is disrupted during droughts, creating a favorable environment for the parasite to thrive.
Researchers used MRI to study salt crystallisation in model systems and found that it causes damage in materials with small pores. The study provides new insights into the mechanism behind salt damage in building materials and stones.
The USGS warns that avian cholera could spread from the Great Salt Lake as eared grebes migrate to wintering areas, where they congregate in dense groups. The disease is highly contagious among bird species and can sweep through wetlands quickly, killing thousands of birds in a single outbreak.
Researchers found that populations near the equator have a functional protein for salt retention, while those in cooler climates have a mutant gene producing a dysfunctional protein. This correlation suggests a shared selective pressure and could change disease gene hunting strategies.
Researchers found that different magnesium sulfate salts contain varying amounts of water, which could provide insight into Mars' history. The proportion and distribution of these salts may hold clues about past climate changes and water presence on the planet.
A Purdue University study found that an antioxidant, glutathione, plays a critical role in protecting plants from toxic metals. Glutathione helps to minimize oxidative stress, allowing certain plants to thrive on metal-enriched soils.
Using electron-stimulated desorption (ESD), researchers at Georgia Tech demonstrated that hydrochloric acid dissociates quickly upon contact with icy surfaces, even at temperatures below 100 degrees Kelvin. This study provides new insights into atmospheric chemistry and the surface activity of ice crystals.
Scientists used two water dating methods, radiocarbon and helium-4, to determine the age of water in wells in Baldwin County, Alabama. The results showed that the ages ranged from 50 to 7,500 years, suggesting that saltwater intrusion could become a bigger issue in the future with global climate change.
A new study shows that mixed amphetamine salts significantly improve behavior scores compared to atomoxetine, particularly in a 12-hour analog classroom setting. Additionally, mixed amphetamine salts also improve attention and academic productivity, allowing children to complete more math problems correctly.
Researchers found that a specific gene, lin-48, helps Caenorhabditis elegans survive high-salt environments, giving it a key advantage over its relatives. This genetic difference may hold insights into how organ systems in more complex animals evolved.
Purdue University researchers have engineered plants to produce a non-toxic form of selenium called methylselenocysteine, which has shown promise in reducing cancer risk in animal models. The plants can also accumulate high levels of selenium, potentially providing a natural source for nutritional supplements and environmental cleanup.
Researchers at Indiana University led by Martin Jarrold have made a groundbreaking discovery about the stability of gallium clusters. The findings show that these tiny clusters can withstand high temperatures and remain in a solid state, contrary to classical physics predictions.
Researchers from Ohio State University discovered that Blood Falls is the last remnant of an ancient salt-water lake, formed when sea levels were higher. The lake probably existed 5 million years ago, and its remains are being slowly pushed out by the glacier.
A new study finds that stress-induced salt sensitivity and increased blood pressure load contribute to racial differences in hypertension prevalence. The research suggests that these factors may help explain the higher incidence of hypertension among African-Americans, a long-standing public health concern.
Scientists now believe that small amounts of impurities, such as sodium chloride, are necessary to form the domes on Europa's surface. These compounds melt ice at low temperatures, allowing warmer blobs of ice to push through the icy shell and create the domes.
Purdue University researchers have developed a new field called 'ionomics,' which studies how genes regulate all the ions in a cell. This research holds promise for creating mineral-efficient plants that need little fertilizer, crops with better nutritional value, and plants that can remove contamination from the soil.
Researchers found that reducing salt concentrations shrinks DNA toroids by shrinking both diameter and thickness. This discovery could improve gene delivery efficiency in gene therapy and DNA-based vaccines.
The $18 million SALT Observatory is nearing completion and will feature the largest optical telescope in the Southern Hemisphere. The observatory's primary scientific instrument, a spectrograph, will break light down into its constituent wavelengths to study stars and galaxies outside of the Milky Way.
A study by scientists at PNNL and UC-Irvine clarifies the role of sea salt in sulfur chemistry, enabling more accurate predictions of acid deposition and global climate. Sea salt particles can absorb substantial amounts of sulfur dioxide, converting it to sulfuric acid.
Researchers at U. Iowa identified two ion channel genes that detect low salt concentrations in fruit flies, a model organism for studying human salt-sensing mechanisms. Disrupting these genes impaired the ability of young flies to detect low salt, highlighting their role in the detection of salt.
A two-year study compares Chinese immigrant stroke patients to controls, finding reduced stroke risk through improved dietary habits, increased exercise, and better job status. Stressful factors like language barriers also contribute to lower job satisfaction among immigrants.
A clinical trial with over 2,900 patients found that once-daily Adderall XR significantly improved children's quality of life and reduced ADHD symptoms. The study used the PedsQL instrument to assess four health dimensions: physical, emotional, social, and school functioning.
A research paper analyzed ice crystals from Hurricane Nora's cirrus clouds, revealing the presence of sea salt and plankton. The study found that hurricane winds transported marine life particles to high altitudes, affecting ice crystal growth and shape.
A study of over 800 adults found that combining weight loss, improved exercise, and a low-salt diet significantly lowers blood pressure. The participants who received comprehensive lifestyle modification had the best results, with an average reduction of 11mmHg in systolic and 6.4mmHg in diastolic blood pressure.
A computer model has been developed to calculate how concrete responds to salt and moisture exposure, allowing for the simulation of various factors that affect its durability. The model can be used for both designing new concrete structures and analyzing existing ones, enabling more accurate predictions of their lifespan.
Researchers are using Arabidopsis plant mutants to study salt stress in plants and potential connections to HIV research. Mutants with altered genes have been identified, offering insights into the mechanisms behind these complex conditions.
A study of 143 individuals over 60 years old found that those with longer telomeres lived four to five years longer than those with shorter ones. People with shorter telomeres had significantly higher mortality rates from heart disease and infectious diseases.
Researchers confirm previous detection of chlorine in Io's plasma torus and model the breakdown of salt into sodium and chlorine atoms, providing insights into Io's volcanic activity and its potential meteoritic origins.
Researchers find liquid lake beneath 62 feet of ice, containing seven times the saltiness of normal seawater. The isolated brine is believed to harbor life due to its chemical composition, with microbes returning to life after gradual melting.
The study found that drug shortages affecting patients in emergency departments have grown significantly since 1995. Emergency physicians can help manage these shortages by communicating with hospitals and patients about available options, but solving the issue will take many years.
Researchers found that rats depleted of salt show unusual growth of brain cells, with a 30-35% increase in neuron length and branching. This suggests an ability for neurons to make more connections.
A study by UCSF found that consuming excessive salt increases calcium loss, while a potassium supplement helps maintain bone density. Potassium-rich foods like bananas and spinach can be beneficial for preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Researchers have identified ten new genes associated with salt sensitivity and hypertension in rats, which may help develop a treatment regimen for hypertensive patients. The study used DNA microarrays and a global gene screening tool to analyze the genetics of salt-sensitive hypertension.
The U.S. Navy has deployed a mobile communications center to Salt Lake City for the Winter Olympics, offering reliable satellite links and connectivity. The system, developed by the Office of Naval Research, can provide telephone and data connectivity anywhere and even handle streaming video.
Researchers have found that herbs are a rich source of healthy antioxidants, outperforming fruits and vegetables. Oregano has the highest antioxidant activity, with some herbs containing more than 3 times the activity of apples or other popular fruits.
Droplets in salt crystals from various times in Earth's history reveal changing levels of major chemical components dissolved in ocean water. Lawrence Hardie's theory suggests that these changes may have fueled a nanoplankton population boom, leading to massive chalk deposits.
Researchers identify genes from a rare Austrian plant that allow it to accumulate large amounts of nickel, enabling the potential to engineer crops to clean up polluted sites. This discovery could also lead to functional foods with micronutrients and improved crop nutrition.
A team of scientists has genetically engineered a salt-tolerant tomato plant that can grow in irrigation water with high salt concentrations. The plant produces a naturally occurring protein that removes salt from the soil, allowing it to maintain quality and productivity.
Researchers at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine believe they have solved a key part of the cystic fibrosis puzzle by finding that there's too little salt in patients' lungs. Long-lasting treatments may be needed to reverse the disease and improve symptoms.
Purdue University researchers found that sea salt and sunlight interact to destroy ozone in the Arctic troposphere. The study suggests a naturally occurring process that may impact air quality in urban areas.
Researchers suggest that mountain-front reservoirs store water, smoothing out seasonal fluctuations and leaving only long-term cycles. This process is influenced by the fluctuating position of the water table relative to stream levels.
A new technology called Partial Rootzone Drying (PRD) has emerged as a solution to reduce river water irrigation without exacerbating saline soils. By alternating irrigation patterns, half of the roots can be kept moist while the other half are kept dry, conserving water and maintaining fruit production.
Researchers like Dr. Melanie Mormile are exploring the possibility of finding ancient bacteria on Mars, which could provide evidence for life on the planet. By dating salt-loving bacteria on Earth, scientists aim to confirm whether similar organisms can survive for hundreds of millions of years.
Researchers identified a protein in vertebrates that detects cell salt concentration and regulates its balance. The discovery may lead to improved treatment of kidney disorders and high blood pressure.
Researchers at UCSD discovered an oxygen-isotope anomaly in soils that suggests atmospheric deposition of sulfates from sulfur-emitting marine algae is a significant contributor to the region's high salt concentrations. The study provides concrete evidence for biological activity as the primary source of salt in the Dry Valleys.