Articles tagged with Small Molecules
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a method to amplify the light emitted by molecules using plasmonic nanoparticles. By optimizing the spectral frequency overlap between the molecule and nanoparticle, they can enhance signal detection up to 10 times. This technique has potential applications in analyzing catalysts and improv...
Researchers developed a computational algorithm to identify biologically active small molecules encoded in human microbiome-derived sequencing data. They uncovered novel TII-PKS BGCs with antimicrobial activity against neighboring microbes, as well as anti-cancer effects, in samples from diverse countries.
A NYU Tandon-led team created a biocompatible protein-based drug delivery system that can survive in the body for over two weeks and provide sustained medication release. The thermo-responsive protein hydrogel exhibits properties similar to synthetic hydrogels but is more desirable for use in biomedicine.
A team of MIT researchers developed an AI-guided robotic platform to streamline the synthesis of small molecule organic compounds. The platform uses artificial intelligence-driven synthesis planning, flow chemistry, and a robotically controlled experimental platform to minimize human intervention.
Researchers have identified a new family of small-molecule metabolites responsible for the bright green color in certain shark species. This unique biofluorescence mechanism allows sharks to identify each other and potentially fight off microbial infections.
Researchers present an integrated strategy for computer-augmented chemical synthesis, successfully yielding 15 different medicinally related small molecules. Their AI-informed, robotically controlled platform has the potential to greatly improve the synthesis of complex molecules, reducing manual labor and increasing scalability.
Researchers have identified a previously unknown family of small-molecule metabolites responsible for the bright green color in sharks' skin, which may also aid in identifying other sharks and fighting microbial infections. The discovery opens new questions about the potential functions of biofluorescence in shark biology.
Scientists have successfully encoded and decoded digital images using metabolites, demonstrating a potential alternative to microchips for data storage. The study achieves an accuracy rate of 98-99.5%, encoding over 100,000 bits of information into synthetic metabolomes.
Researchers from Fujun Zhang's group have reported ternary polymer solar cells with 16.27% efficiency, surpassing binary systems without solvent additives. The addition of a third component enhances photon harvesting and optimizes exciton distribution, paving the way for industrialization of organic photovoltaics.
A new chemical tool has been identified to block endocytosis in plants, a process essential for nutrient uptake and cellular signaling. The compound, ES9-17, was developed through an international collaboration and retains the ability to bind clathrin, a protein involved in endocytosis.
Scientists at Scripps Research have identified small molecules that prevent structural changes to proteins causing the disease. These molecules bind to and stabilize immunoglobulin light chain proteins, preventing misfolding and forming toxic plaques.
The company has isolated rare inhibitory MAbs against CB1 using its MPS Antibody Discovery platform, offering a therapeutic solution for NASH. With over 10 million people affected in the US, this development could bring new hope to those suffering from liver disease and metabolic disorders.
Researchers have identified a small molecule that mimics broadly neutralizing antibodies and provides protection against lethal doses of influenza. The discovery paves the way for a new class of 'antibody mimetic' drugs that could be used to neutralize various viral infections.
Researchers have developed a strategy to create new small-molecule drugs by reprogramming rapamycin. A library of 45,000 altered molecules was screened to identify a new compound, rapadocin, that inhibits cellular nucleoside uptake without toxicity. Rapadocin targets ENT1 protein and shows promise for treating kidney injury.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered a new skeletal disease linked to an abnormal expression of small RNA molecules. The study reveals that the disease causes skeletal dysplasia, joint pain, and delayed cartilage cell maturation in patients, providing potential diagnostic and therapeutic options.
Researchers at Penn State discovered a simple drug cocktail that converts glial cells into functional new neurons, which can survive for over seven months in a lab culture. The approach has promising implications for treating neurological disorders such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease, with the potential to be used in a pill form.
Matthew D. Disney's laboratory has proven that RNA can be a small-molecule drug target, offering new ways to tackle incurable diseases. His work has already provided lead medicines for genetic diseases and difficult-to-treat cancers.
Researchers identify Porphyromonas gingivalis as a key driver of Alzheimer's disease pathology and demonstrate potential for small molecule inhibitors to block the pathogen. The discovery paves the way for Cortexyme's lead compound COR388, which shows promising results in preclinical experiments.
John Tilton will receive funding to develop a nanoPOD platform to deliver therapies to specific tissues in mice affected by genetic disease. The project aims to address the challenge of delivering nanoscale therapeutics to the right location inside the body.
Scientists at Harvard University and Brigham and Women's Hospital developed a new immunoassay technique that measures extremely low concentrations of small molecules using single-molecule detection. The method was tested on two important human body molecules, cortisol and PGE2, achieving up to 50 times greater sensitivity than conventi...
A UCLA-led team has developed a new method to analyze nanocrystals using electron microscopes, enabling quick identification of small molecule structures. This technique accelerates processes for drug development by allowing scientists to screen more samples faster.
A joint UCLA/Caltech team has developed a new technique to determine the 3D structures of small molecules, such as hormones and medications, in under 30 minutes. The method uses micro-electron diffraction and relies on the presence of tiny crystals within the samples.
Researchers have developed a faster and simpler technique to analyze the structures of small molecules, reducing the time needed for X-ray crystallography. This new method, microcrystal-electron diffraction (MicroED), allows scientists to study small-molecule structures at high resolution in under 30 minutes.
A KAIST research team developed a molecular sensor that selectively concentrates charged small molecules, amplifying Raman signals and allowing for direct detection without pretreatment. This technology can be used to detect residual drugs or biomarkers in blood or urine, saving time and cost.
Researchers at Yale University have made significant breakthroughs in targeting RNA with small-molecule drugs, identifying unique pockets within self-splicing ribozymes found in fungi. This discovery opens up new avenues for treating fungal infections and drug-resistant bacteria.
Researchers identified SynuClean-D as a potential therapeutic for neurodegeneration, which disrupts amyloid fibrils and inhibits alpha-synuclein aggregation. The compound reversed degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in animal models, offering hope for halting Parkinson's disease-related neurodegeneration.
Researchers at the University of Washington School of Medicine have successfully created a novel, de novo-designed beta-barrel protein that can bind to specific small molecules. The achievement paves the way for custom-designed proteins with precise affinity and functionality.
Researchers developed a novel HTS assay and miniaturized it to identify small molecule modulators of GPR119, a promising target for treating type 2 diabetes. The study screened over 500,000 compounds and identified 200 modulators, paving the way for new treatments.
Researchers at UCLA have developed a new method for tracking brain chemicals, including neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. The system uses tiny artificial receptors paired with semiconductor devices that can function in living tissue.
Scientists have identified two small-molecule compounds that specifically target the STING protein, which plays a key role in triggering an immune response. These compounds effectively blocked STING-mediated cellular activation and demonstrated therapeutic potential in mouse models of autoinflammatory disease.
Researchers develop novel small molecule, PM-43I, that specifically targets STAT6 pathway, reversing preexisting allergic airway disease in mice. This breakthrough approach offers unique advantages over monoclonal antibodies, with potential benefits for patients who may not need steroid treatments.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have characterized a complex receptor type that activates hunger suppression when activated. The discovery provides a crucial milestone in developing small-molecule therapeutics to treat obesity.
A Northwestern University team has developed a new hair dye using graphene that is non-toxic and non-damaging to hair. The dye works as well as commercial permanent dyes without chemically altering hairs, and it also offers anti-static properties.
Scientists at the University of Waterloo have created a new class of semiconductors by controlling the orientation and size of single-walled carbon nanotubes. This breakthrough could lead to more powerful devices with improved battery life, as they consume less power.
Researchers create simulated space environments where small organic molecules form under radiation, potentially offering an alternative explanation for the origin of life. The study used advanced techniques to analyze icy films containing methane and oxygen, producing a variety of complex organic molecules.
The new Connectivity Map includes over 1.3 million gene expression profiles from multiple cell lines treated with chemical or genetic perturbations, enabling the study of small molecule and gene function. This expanded resource accelerates drug discovery efforts by predicting how small molecules work and discovering compounds with spec...
A new study reveals that chronic kidney disease patients have abnormal metabolites in their cells' energy centers, supporting the view of CKD as a state of mitochondrial dysfunction. Researchers hope to identify novel therapeutic targets for CKD using metabolomics.
Scientists at ITbM, Nagoya University have synthesized a new bioactive small molecule that increases stomata numbers on flowering plants without stunting their growth. The team's discovery could help elucidate the stomatal development mechanism in plants and increase crop plant productivity.
Researchers at Wits University discover that complex life emerged through the random joining of simple RNA molecules, enabling self-replication and kickstarting life. The process, which occurred billions of years ago, involved the ligation of small molecules to form larger, more complex ones.
Researchers have created antibody-recruiting molecules targeting fungi (ARM-Fs) that can attach to fungal cell walls and recruit human antibodies to combat infections. These small molecules offer a new strategy for treating fungal diseases affecting thousands of people each year.
Researchers have identified a synthetic triterpenoid as a potential disruptor of the hunger-signaling pathway by blocking an enzyme involved in ghrelin production. The study's findings suggest that this compound could be developed into a treatment for conditions like diabetes and obesity.
Scientists used the world's most powerful X-ray laser to create a 'molecular black hole' that pulled in surrounding electrons, stripping away more than 50 electrons from a single atom. The results provide fundamental insights into how to better plan and interpret experiments using intense X-rays.
Research teams identified two cyclic peptides that can shut down an enzyme long thought to be undruggable for fighting disease-causing parasites and bacteria. The finding could lead to the development of new antimicrobial drugs.
Researchers have discovered a chemical compound that selectively stalls the ribosome, halting the production of specific proteins while leaving general protein production untouched. This discovery suggests a new approach to finding drugs that target undesired proteins before they are made.
Researchers have developed a mathematical foundation to explain the role of small molecules in promoting proper protein folding. This understanding has important implications for developing future therapies based on pharmacological chaperones to treat misfolding diseases.
Scientists at TU Wien create a novel method for synthesizing perylene bisimide dyes without toxic solvents, enabling easy access to these materials. The hydrothermal synthesis is highly efficient and environmentally friendly, overcoming the challenges of working with apolar compounds.
Scientists have designed a new class of molecular donors that can release therapeutic levels of hydrogen sulfide, a gas with protective effects on cells. This breakthrough could lead to treatments for conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, where oxidative stress causes cellular damage.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified a potential treatment for Prader-Willi syndrome using G9a inhibitors. The study suggests that these small molecules can activate the maternal copy of the gene responsible for the disorder, leading to improved growth and lifespan in mice with Prader-Willi syndrome.
Researchers at TSRI have designed precision medicines that target disease-causing RNAs with high selectivity and potency. The study demonstrates the ability to track RNA movement in diseased cells using imaging techniques.
Researchers review physicochemical properties necessary to penetrate the BBB and conclude a list of properties that can increase the chances of small molecule penetration into the brain. The study emphasizes the importance of retaining the pharmacophore and working it into a structure that emphasizes the presented properties.
Curza Global, a pharmaceutical startup company, has received a Phase I SBIR grant to develop new antibacterials against Gram-negative infections. The two-year project will focus on structure-based drug design and medicinal chemistry to create potent antimicrobials with high selectivity for bacterial ribosomes.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute developed a powerful new method to find drug candidates that bind to specific proteins. The technique can be applied to thousands of distinct proteins and has successfully identified selective inhibitors for two caspase enzymes, which play key roles in multiple diseases.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have received a grant to design precision drug candidates targeting disease-associated RNAs, aiming to develop patient-specific therapies for neurological diseases and cancer.
A new study reports the first small molecule targeted therapy for progressive hearing loss in a mouse model of USH3, which causes devastating symptoms. The discovery holds promise for real-world translation and could prevent both sensory deficiencies in USH3 patients.
A new hybrid molecule has been developed by NYU Tandon researchers that can carry and deliver anti-cancer drugs to malignant cells. The protein-gold nanoparticle composite enhances small-molecule loading, sustained release, and increased uptake in breast cancer cells.
Researchers explore small molecule replacement therapy to rescue craniofacial defects by manipulating Wnt and Eda/Edar signaling pathways. The study provides novel candidates for therapeutic treatment of patients with craniofacial defects.
A novel therapeutic approach has been developed to target the monomeric Tau protein, reducing its misfolding and aggregation that leads to Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. The study identified small molecule drug candidates capable of maintaining native function and preventing disease onset.
Scientists use chemical fingerprints to detect saffron fraud, revealing over 50% of 'Spanish' saffron is from other countries. The technique uses metabolomics to identify unique chemical markers for each type of saffron.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified a small molecule that inhibits the function of 'disordered' protein p27, which may aid regeneration of sensory hair cells to combat hearing loss. The discovery raises broader hopes for drug development targeting disordered proteins in various diseases.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a new technique for studying the interactions between small molecules and membrane proteins, allowing for precise control over binding kinetics. This breakthrough has broad implications for basic research and drug design, potentially reducing development time and cost.