Articles tagged with Solvents
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A University of Pittsburgh professor has designed a microcapsule technology to capture CO2 emissions from power plant exhaust, potentially lowering costs and environmental impact. The system uses a common household item, baking soda, as a solvent, making it cheaper and safer than traditional methods.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum used microscopic methods to observe the solvation process of a crystal in water. The team imaged individual molecules at extremely low temperatures, revealing the attachment of solvent molecules and the loss of molecular order.
Perovskite nanoparticles are capable of emitting different colors depending on the internal halogen element. Researchers at UNIST developed a simple method to replace certain elements via solution process, allowing for the creation of red, blue, and green LEDs with high luminous efficiency.
Chinese researchers developed interfacially polymerized porous polymer particles for efficient separation of low-abundance glycopeptides. The particles use hydrophilic-hydrophobic heterostructured nanopores to separate biomolecules, overcoming existing challenges in homogeneous porous materials.
Researchers at TU Wien have successfully synthesized high-tech dyes using plain water under high temperatures, breaking the need for toxic solvents. The new method utilizes water's properties to dissolve organic substances and crystallize the dyes, enabling their use in organic electronics and demanding applications.
Scientists at Lomonosov MSU developed a new method to produce high-quality perovskite films from gamma-butyrolactone, surpassing previous solvents and achieving an efficiency of 23.2% for thin-film solar cells.
Scientists have successfully transferred vibrational coherence between electronic states of a molecule, overcoming a major hurdle in the study of ultrafast chemical reactions. The research builds upon earlier studies and demonstrates the importance of solvents in driving energy flow in polyatomic molecules.
Research finds that lone water molecules in oil solvents directly control supramolecular processes. The tiny water concentration affects molecular aggregates and reversible bonds, leading to unexpected outcomes in previous experiments.
Researchers at TU Dresden have created a novel approach to synthesize nanographenes and graphene nanoribbons using ball mills, eliminating the need for solvents and reducing environmental impact. This breakthrough could pave the way for more efficient and sustainable production of electronic and solar energy materials.
Using cresol, researchers can disperse carbon nanotubes at unprecedentedly high concentrations without additives or harsh chemical reactions. As the concentration increases, the material transitions into a kneadable dough that can be molded and shaped like playdough.
A new study has developed a method to recover high-quality polymers from mixed-plastic electronics waste, providing an environmentally friendly solution for recycling. The process uses a solvent called NMP, which releases vapors only when heated above 180 degrees Celsius, and can be reused multiple times.
Researchers have developed a new process for creating complex molecules in just a few steps, making it more efficient and environmentally friendly. The method involves C-H activation, allowing for the transformation of a single C-H bond into a functional group, enabling easy combination of two different molecules.
Scientists at University of Tsukuba create effective fluorescent sensor for detecting solvent vapor, utilizing a branched molecule called a dendrimer. The sensor can distinguish between various solvents through changes in emission color and intensity.
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed an economical and high-yielding way to produce furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a critical chemical for making renewable plastics.
A new study reveals that biological membranes display dynamic properties and exhibit unexpected undulations when embedded in polymer networks. The authors propose a theory elucidating the dynamics of such membranes and identify a new intermediate wavelength regime of membrane undulations.
Scientists develop mathematical model to explain co-nonsolvency phenomenon, which was previously unknown. The model predicts polymer behavior in mixed solvents and reveals mechanism for suppressing co-nonsolvency at high pressures.
Researchers at Kanazawa University developed a novel carboxylate-type liquid zwitterion that can dissolve biomass cellulose with low toxicity to microorganisms. This innovation enables efficient ethanol production without washing or separation processes, reducing energy input and increasing energy efficiency.
A novel microwave-assisted iodine-catalyzed rapid synthesis of 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinolines has been developed. The method produces significant types of indoloquinoline alkaloids with high yields and lower energy consumption compared to traditional methods.
Researchers have observed carbon atoms exhibiting quantum effects, including wave-particle duality and tunneling behavior, in a reaction called the Cope rearrangement. At extremely low temperatures, the molecules can transition from one form to another without overcoming an energy barrier, a phenomenon known as tunneling.
Researchers at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) have developed a new type of carbon nanomaterial that can change shapes and colors depending on the solvent used. The material exhibits tunable emission spanning a wide range of colors in various solvents.
University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers developed a new process to convert non-edible biomass into three high-value products, tripling the fraction converted and increasing return on investment. The technology uses gamma valerolactone as a solvent, minimizing waste and having a high solvent-recycling rate.
Researchers at Waseda University have developed a new 3D Chemical Melting Finishing (3D-CMF) method that improves surface texture and structural rigidity while reducing waste and cost, making it suitable for home 3D printing. The process uses a tool to selectively apply solvent to specific parts of the printed piece.
Researchers have demonstrated the existence of a new quasiparticle called angulon, which forms when a rotating object interacts with its surrounding environment. The angulon theory can explain 20 years of observations and offers a quick and simple description for rotation of molecules in solvents.
A simple technique produces oxide nanowires from bulk materials at ambient temperature and pressure without catalysts or toxic chemicals. The process enables the production of low-cost 1D nanomaterials in large quantities for various applications, including thermally-stable battery membranes.
Researchers studied how solvents affect skin molecules, revealing changes in fluid state and interactions with added components. The findings improve understanding of molecular mechanisms, enabling more efficient regulation of skin properties.
Researchers from Tufts University review recent developments in stimuli-responsive membranes, highlighting the benefits of polymer self-assembly for improved selectivity. The study showcases various stimuli-responsive behaviors and future development challenges in this promising field.
A new method allows for the analysis of dissolved molecules using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, simplifying laser experiments with ionic liquids. This enables insights into physical and chemical processes of novel liquid energy materials.
Researchers used DESY's X-ray source PETRA III to observe the degradation of plastic solar cells, revealing that domains shrink and efficiency decreases due to residual solvent additive. Strategies to stabilise structure through chemical bonding or customised encapsulating substances are proposed.
Harvard researchers have developed a new technique to produce tunable nanofibers, which could lead to stronger, more durable bulletproof vests and more robust cellular scaffolding for tissue repair. The method uses immersion Rotary Jet-Spinning (iRJS) to create fibers with controlled diameter and morphology.
Researchers discovered that solvent molecules can significantly impact the formation of an ether molecule, even when they don't directly participate in the reaction. A second methanol molecule is essential for the reaction to occur, indicating that solvent molecules are not just bystanders but rather assistants.
Scientists at Oxford University have developed a non-toxic solvent system that can be used to manufacture perovskite solar cells, overcoming a major barrier to their commercialization. The clean solvent quickly crystallizes perovskite films at room temperature, making it suitable for coating large solar panels.
Researchers at FAU have made a significant break-through in producing defect-free graphene directly from graphite at low costs. This achievement paves the way for advancements in semi-conductor and sensor technologies.
Researchers at Clemson University are launching a new study using their developed 'microcosm' method to investigate how solvents degrade in rock, which could help determine the need for costly cleanups. The study aims to simulate groundwater flow and test how much solvent is released from rock cores at different sites.
Martina Havenith from Ruhr-Universität Bochum receives funding for Time-Resolved THz-Calorimetry, a new method to study protein-solvent interactions in real-time. The project aims to investigate dynamic interplay between molecules and solvent.
Researchers have developed a new model of molecular transport using synthetic nanomotors on biopolymer filaments, effectively delivering substances such as anti-cancer drugs. The study's findings suggest that even small motors can operate efficiently without tumbling and losing direction.
Researchers have developed a method to observe nanocrystal self-assembly in real-time, shedding light on the complex structures' formation. The technique uses synchrotron X-ray scattering and imaging, allowing for the direct manipulation of superlattices.
Researchers from ESPCI, France, have spent ten years studying the wetting of soluble polymer substrates by droplets of solvents. They found that spontaneous imbibition is stopped due to a change in material softness as the solvent melts the polymer, slowing down the spreading of the droplet.
A new study by NOAA and CIRES scientists reveals that the US is responsible for 8% of global CCl4 emissions, with hotspots in the Gulf Coast region and Colorado. The findings contradict previous reports and highlight the need for further research to understand the source of excess emissions.
The electrospray technique allows for precise control over the structure of individual layers in 3D printing, enabling the production of parts with specific mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties. This could lead to advancements in devices for energy production, healthcare and security.
Researchers have developed innovative, eco-friendly polyethylene fibers from natural fats like olive oil and peanut oil. These ultra-strong fibers can stop speeding bullets, serve as sails, ropes, and surgical sutures while minimizing environmental harm.
A team of researchers from Harvard University explored evaporative patterning transitions and discovered a simple mechanism behind drying-induced residue formations. By controlling the dynamics of evaporation, they can obtain specific types of residues while avoiding others.
A study examines the effect of DEHHP on PVC flexibility, revealing molecular-level interaction between hydrogen bonds and improving polymer-solvent interactions. The research shows that temperature and concentration affect the strength of these interactions.
Researchers have developed new approaches to estimate overall solvent content, model disordered bulk solvent, and identify distinct electron density of ordered solvent molecules in macromolecular crystals. Advanced models are needed to improve understanding of the protein-solvent interface region.
Researchers at NIST have created a fast process for making platinum nano-raspberries, which can act as catalysts in fuel cells. The nano-raspberries exhibit high surface area and stable clumping behavior, encouraging efficient reactions. This breakthrough could lead to more practical fuel cell technology.
Research from the University of Cincinnati explores solvent-free chemistry, finding it can be just as reliable for chemical reactions without drawbacks. This approach reduces waste and costs, offering a financial savings.
A new method for making perovskite solar cells has been developed by researchers at Brown University, which involves a room-temperature solvent bath to create perovskite crystals. The technique produces high-quality crystalline films with precise control over thickness across large areas.
Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology have discovered that a co-solvent added during production increases the efficiency of plastic solar cells, comparable to the role of baking powder in dough mixture. The new understanding will enable more effective development of plastic solar cells.
The researchers demonstrated a chain-growth process to assemble supramolecular polymers at room temperature and pressure. They were able to create polymers with controlled chirality, length, and sequence, opening the way for precision engineering of macromolecules. The findings also suggest potential applications in electronics and sus...
The HHS has added four new substances to its 13th Report on Carcinogens, including ortho-toluidine, 1-bromopropane, cumene, and pentachlorophenol. Ortho-toluidine is a known human carcinogen, while the other three are reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens based on studies in humans and animals.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin discovered that gold nanoparticles can form small clusters in a solvent made from chicken feed and urea, which enables efficient catalytic reactions. The particles arrange themselves into groups of up to twelve nanoparticles with average diameter of five nanometres.
Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have devised a technique to form highly ordered thin films over macroscopic distances in one minute. The technique uses supramolecules based on block copolymers to create nanocomposites that self-assemble into hierarchically-structured thin films.
Scientists have discovered two new chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and one new hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) in the atmosphere, which were released into the air in recent years. The discovery strengthens the argument that there are many more man-made gases in the atmosphere that could pose a threat to the ozone layer.
A study found that people exposed to paint, glue, and degreasers at work are at risk for memory and thinking deficits decades after exposure. The research suggests that high lifetime exposure can lead to cognitive problems regardless of when the exposure occurred.
Researchers at UNSW Australia developed a novel lab-on-a-chip device using non-volatile ionic liquids to overcome evaporation issues. The device has potential applications in environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis and process control.
Researchers at Rice University have created an 'artificial nose' that can detect dangerous fumes from solvents by trapping metallic compounds inside zeolite cages. The technology uses a 'ship in a bottle' type of chemical assembly, with each gas having a unique photoluminescent fingerprint.
Researchers at EPFL's LSU employed a world-unique setup to observe electron movement with unprecedented time-resolution. The study revealed that solvent configuration significantly affects electron departure, extending residence time up to 450 fsec.
Researchers at Washington State University have created a superconductor capable of transmitting electrical current with zero resistance. By compressing carbon disulfide under high pressure and cooling it to near absolute zero, they achieved a material that exhibits properties like magnetism and superhardness.
A meta-analysis of over 100 studies found exposure to pesticides, weed killers, and solvents is associated with a higher risk of developing Parkinson's disease. The research suggests that the risk increases in a dose-response manner as length of exposure to these chemicals increases.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich discover 'desorption stick', a new type of friction that occurs when polymer molecules interact with surfaces. This mechanism depends on the chemical nature of the surface and solvent, not on movement speed or adhesive strength.
A new method of creating chemical reactions, using high-speed ball-milling, eliminates waste and outperforms traditional solutions. This approach has potential applications in pharmaceutical companies, detergents, plastics, and other industries.