Articles tagged with Surface Chemistry
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The technique successfully removes even the tiniest contaminants down to the atomic scale, achieving an unprecedented level of cleanliness. The research also explored the origins and mechanisms of recontamination at the nanoscale, revealing surface diffusion and airborne contamination.
Researchers at INRS and McGill University developed a method to draw molecular patterns on the surface of quantum materials using macrocycles, changing their optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. This technique has potential applications for electronic devices and biosensing.
Researchers have discovered a new class of 2D materials called MXenes that can store enormous amounts of charge, similar to batteries. These materials can be charged or discharged within tens of seconds, making them ideal for rapid energy storage.
Researchers from CSU's HOMEChem experiment found sharp spikes in hypochlorous acid and chlorine when mopping floors with bleach, revealing a new world of indoor chemistry. The team also observed interactions between nitrogen and ammonia emissions from cooking with cleaning products.
Researchers at Imperial College London and the University of Toronto have developed a sponge that captures and removes oil microdroplets from wastewater, improving upon previous concepts. The new sponge works faster and over a wider pH range than its predecessor, making it suitable for industrial wastewater applications.
Researchers at McMaster University developed a self-cleaning surface that can repel all forms of bacteria, preventing the transfer of antibiotic-resistant superbugs in medical settings. The treated material is also suitable for food packaging to prevent bacterial contamination, such as E. coli and Salmonella.
Growing nanoscale polymer brushes on materials' surfaces enables the creation of diverse array of materials with tailored chemical properties. The approach allows for precise control over surface density, length and chemistry, enabling various catalysis and antibacterial applications.
A new sensor developed by scientists uses black silicon to detect trace amounts of nitroaromatic compounds, a common component of explosives and toxic pollutants. The sensor's high sensitivity and dynamic measurement range make it a potentially game-changing tool for medical and forensic evaluations.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen are establishing a new center to study catalysis on high-entropy alloys, aiming to develop sustainable chemistry alternatives. The project aims to identify materials capable of combining carbon and oxygen-containing molecules to produce valuable chemicals.
A University of Hawaii team has provided answers to key questions about Titan's surface, including the existence of vast longitudinal dunes and dark organics. The researchers used remote sensing data from NASA's Cassini-Huygens mission to study the chemical makeup of these organic dunes.
Scientists warn of ocean acidification's impact on marine life, habitat degradation and biodiversity loss due to rising CO2 levels, threatening ecosystem services and human livelihoods.
Scientists have found that local fluctuations on a solid-state catalyst's surface create opportunities for reactant molecules to diffuse and undergo desired reactions. The findings, published in Science, reveal that even with densely packed adsorbed particles, molecular mobility is possible due to periodic changes in particle density.
Researchers found significant gaps in understanding microplastic effects, with concentrations detected being orders of magnitude lower than those affecting organisms in lab tests. The study highlights a need for more environmentally realistic studies and better monitoring of specific environmental regions.
Researchers found a way to change the spatial arrangement of bipyridine molecules on surfaces using metals, which can improve dye-sensitized solar cells. The cis configuration is formed through the addition of iron atoms and increased temperature, altering the chemical conformation.
Researchers at TU Dresden developed DUT-60, a crystalline framework with the highest specific surface area and pore volume among known materials. The highly porous material can store large quantities of gases or filter toxic gases from the air.
Scientists at the University of Waterloo have created a new class of semiconductors by controlling the orientation and size of single-walled carbon nanotubes. This breakthrough could lead to more powerful devices with improved battery life, as they consume less power.
Scientists have discovered a new process to layer metals under graphite, leading to unique mesas with potential applications in quantum computing and sensing. The formation of these structures could enable controlled magnetic and electronic properties.
A two-year project, called HOMEChem, aims to comprehensively understand the chemistry of indoor environments by studying various aspects of air, surfaces and microbes in a recreated home setting. Researchers will analyze data collected using new mass spectrometry-based instrumentation.
Researchers found that a baking soda solution was the most effective at removing pesticide residues from organic Gala apples. After 12 and 15 minutes of washing, 80% of thiabendazole and 96% of phosmet were removed. The study suggests that this simple method could be an effective strategy for cleaning pesticides off produce.
Researchers discovered that water-repellent surfaces force ice to grow upward, making it easier to remove. The team's findings suggest applying water-repellent coatings or engineering surfaces with built-in repelling properties could enable breeze-assisted ice removal.
Researchers aim to develop a framework to inform design of carbon nanomaterials, minimizing potential unintended consequences. They will manipulate surface chemistry and test biological and electrochemical activity to optimize CNM properties.
Researchers from TU Dresden and CiQUS successfully synthesized decacene, the longest acene molecule ever produced. The breakthrough achievement demonstrates the power of collaboration between synthetic chemists and surface scientists to overcome long-standing chemical challenges.
A new nanocoating technique developed by KAIST researchers uses plant-derived polyphenol to extend the shelf life of produce. The sprayable nanocoating process has been shown to significantly prolong postharvest shelf life, preserving freshness beyond 28 days and 58 hours for certain fruits.
Researchers at EPFL's Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics have developed a microscope that can track three-dimensional spatial changes in molecular structure and chemistry of confined systems. The study reveals a remarkable spread in surface reactivity, even on small portions of a capillary, shedding light on the chemical reactivit...
Experts at Rutgers University-New Brunswick and Michigan State University have designed a way to reduce enzyme use in biofuels production. The new approach enables the recycling of enzymes, lowering production costs and making biofuels more affordable.
Scientists have found that magma reservoirs are less liquid and more crystalline than previously thought, with most crystals retaining their structure for tens of thousands of years before being exposed to molten magma. This discovery could help predict when volcanoes pose the greatest risk by identifying those with mobile magma.
Research by Tufts University chemist Mary Jane Shultz sheds new light on snowflake formation. The study reveals that flat sides of a snowflake consist of a bilayer structure, contradicting previous theories.
Researchers developed microbes to aid methane recovery, while also improving chemistry students' test scores through personalized feedback. Urban streams were found to exhibit unique nutrient patterns driven by wastewater treatment plants.
A team of researchers at Berkeley Lab used a unique infrared probe to pinpoint areas on single metallic particles where chemical reactivity occurs. This technique reveals the detailed chemistry occurring on the surface of particles, enabling customization of structural properties for more effective catalysis.
Researchers at Colorado State University have developed a simple and inexpensive device that can sort droplets of liquid based solely on their varying surface tensions. The device uses a tunable surface chemistry to manipulate its repellency to different liquids, enabling the sorting of droplets by surface tension.
A team of researchers has successfully imaged all steps in a complex organic reaction, revealing the mechanisms behind it. The study used atomic force microscopy to visualize the bond configuration of reactants, intermediates, and products, providing new insights into the stabilization of intermediates.
Scientists at University of Copenhagen discover heart urchin shell has a structure that nears theoretical ideal for foam structure strength. The shell's unique porosity and strut arrangement make it up to six times stronger than chalk, despite being lighter.
Researchers develop new algorithm to simulate water evaporation at molecular scale, matching theoretical and real-world observations. The tool enables the study of various heat transfer problems, including rapid cooling of computer chips and energy conversion devices.
University of Cincinnati quantum chemistry researcher Thomas Beck develops new methods to calculate the thermodynamics of ion hydration, leading to more efficient renewable energy devices. His findings have garnered international respect and recognition from top physicists.
Researchers at KU Leuven have developed a method to produce bioplastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), more efficiently and with less waste. This breakthrough could lead to cheaper and more sustainable production of biodegradable plastics.
A new paint developed by researchers at UCL creates self-cleaning surfaces that resist everyday wear and tear. The paint's unique properties allow it to withstand damage and maintain its self-cleaning abilities, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.
Theoretical chemists generate maximally random, jammed states using a computer algorithm, revealing new insights into the nature of randomness. These findings have implications for materials science and photonics, where randomly dispersed patterns can create unique properties.
Researchers have created a more systematic approach to synthesizing quantum dots, enabling the purification of semiconductor nanocrystals with uniform surface properties. The new method uses gel-permeation chromatography and has been shown to produce quantum dots with improved stability and reactivity.
Researchers at Northwestern University have created two new synthetic materials with the greatest amount of surface areas reported to date. The materials, NU-109 and NU-110, belong to a class of crystalline nanostructures known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that are promising vessels for natural gas storage.
A new super-resolution microscope will be built at the University of Houston with a $1 million grant, allowing scientists to study the chemical properties of surfaces more accurately. The device combines sum frequency generation and compressive sensing imaging techniques to provide detailed data on surface reactions.
Researchers used neutron scattering to study molecular motion in a silica nanopore, gaining insight into how surface interactions affect chemistry. Understanding these interactions can help tailor materials for specific outcomes, such as catalysis and drug delivery.
Despite efforts to stop ozone depletion, mysteries remain, including unexpected Arctic losses and long-lived substances affecting global warming. Scientists explore geoengineering options to cool the climate, but more research is needed to address this pressing issue.
Scientists at the Weizmann Institute of Science have developed a method to grow semiconductor nanowires on a surface, producing relatively long, orderly, aligned structures. This breakthrough enables the production of enhanced electronic and optical properties suitable for various applications.
Scientists at University of Cambridge and Rutgers University develop new class of organic thin films on surfaces, exhibiting unique properties ideal for high-density stable thin films. The findings pave the way for creating smaller electronic devices, replacing conventional fabrication techniques.
Gabor Somorjai has been recognized with the prestigious BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award for his groundbreaking work in surface chemistry and catalysis. His research has led to significant advancements in fields such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and automotive industries.
Researchers found extremely high levels of oxidized mercury above the Dead Sea, a phenomenon previously only observed in polar regions. The findings suggest that bromine in the atmosphere plays a key role in initiating mercury oxidation.
A new study reveals that aged dental fillings may contain a non-toxic form of mercury. Researchers found that the surface forms of mercury in dental amalgam change over time, with most mercury lost through evaporation or exposure to hygiene products.
A new study reveals that older dental fillings, containing beta-mercuric sulfide or metacinnabar, are unlikely to be toxic. The surface forms of mercury in these fillings lose up to 95% of their mercury over time, making human exposure less concerning.
Researchers studying snowflake shape and chemical reactions on their surface may uncover clues about ground-level ozone loss in the Arctic. The unique shapes of snow crystals, influenced by temperature and humidity, can affect the rate of chemical reactions that reduce ozone levels at ground level.
Researchers have successfully created a rotating molecular rotor on a gold surface, creating an off-axis rotation that mimics the property of machines like electric motors and generators. This breakthrough has significant implications for the development of machines for generating currents at small scales.
Researchers found that particles and molecules have a tendency to separate from each other when mixed, forming small-scale phase separation. This phenomenon is counterintuitive, as one might expect different shapes to mix well without any special interaction or repulsion between them.
Researchers have discovered a new method to control graphene's properties by growing it on different surfaces. The results show that the chemistry of the surface plays a key role in shaping the material's conductive properties, allowing for the creation of either metallic or semiconductor graphene.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have devised a method to characterize special surfaces by using a series of killer laser pulses. The technique measures the distribution of site enhancements on the substrate surface, allowing researchers to design better scattering surfaces for sensor applications.
Scientists have created a new material featuring 'nanonails' that can repel almost any liquid, but become wettable when an electric charge is applied. This innovative surface has potential applications in biomedical technology and battery life extension.
The project aims to create 'smart, self-assembling nano-biomaterials' that can control bacterial adhesion on synthetic surfaces. Successful development of these materials will enable the creation of more resistant biomedical implants.
Nitric acid is less reactive when exposed to air on water's surface, unlike its strong acidic behavior in bulk solutions. This finding has implications for understanding the role of nitric acid in the atmosphere and environment.
Researchers at the University of Houston are presenting new material innovations that have potential applications in consumer electronics and fuel cell research. These advancements include hybrid nanomaterials for energy conversion devices, a Pd membrane reactor to convert fuels into hydrogen for electricity production in fuel cells.
Scientists at NIST develop a flexible technique to mimic the desert beetle's warty wing covers, which can shift rapidly from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The method uses ultraviolet light and photosensitive materials to control surface structure and chemistry, enabling rapid testing of paints, adhesives, and other coatings.
Researchers create covalent organic frameworks with high thermal stability, surface areas and extremely low densities. COF-108 has the lowest density reported of any crystalline material, suitable for storing hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide.
Researchers at Virginia Tech are developing an instrument to study the chemistry of gases that decompose chemical and biological warfare agents on surfaces. The goal is to predict the fate of these gases on various surfaces, including metal, metal-oxide, and polymeric materials.