Articles tagged with Urea
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A new study reveals that ammonia-oxidizing archaea rely on urea as a nitrogen source, enabling them to flourish in open ocean waters. This discovery challenges existing understanding of nitrification rates and highlights the crucial role of urea in sustaining ocean productivity.
Researchers discovered bulky amino acids reduce pore size, blocking transport of certain molecules in aquaporin 10.2. This provides a framework for predicting functions of uncharacterized aquaglyceroporins.
Researchers developed two silver-based bimetallic clusters that increase Faradaic efficiency and yield of urea through charge polarization modulation. Ag14Pd outperforms Ag13Au5 in NO3RR, while Ag13Au5 excels in CO2RR with higher urea formation rates.
Researchers investigated ozonated water's impact on SARS-CoV-2 in saliva, discovering that protein concentrations like amylase and mucin decrease ozone stability and effectiveness. This study provides insights into the applicability of ozonated water for disinfection in real-world settings.
Researchers developed a novel one-step synthesis method for unsymmetrical ureas, avoiding the use of phosgene and reducing corrosive acid generation. The new carbonylation mode is applicable to various aromatic and halogenated amines, enabling efficient production of nitrogen-containing compounds.
A new smart mask prototype, EBCare, analyzes chemicals in exhaled breath in real-time, offering personalized health monitoring for respiratory ailments like asthma and COPD. The device's self-cooling system allows for daily wear, while its low cost makes it a promising tool for remote health assessments.
The NTU team created a compact and flexible light-based sensing device, like a plaster, to provide highly accurate biomarker readings within minutes. The device detects glucose, lactate, and urea levels in sweat with ultra-high sensitivity and dynamic range.
Novel research by University of Oklahoma-led team improves understanding of ammonia oxidation, a critical component of the global nitrogen cycle. Different AOM lineages employ varying regulatory strategies to minimize competition, allowing coexistence in the same environment.
Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute have developed a material to selectively oxidize urea in water, producing hydrogen gas. The material, made of nickel and cobalt atoms with tailored electronic structures, enables the efficient conversion of urea into hydrogen through an electrochemical reaction.
Researchers analyzed Aqp10s in eight bony vertebrate species to understand the evolutionary timeline of diminished boric acid and urea transportation. The study found that Aqp10.2 in ray-finned fishes restricts urea and boric acid passage, suggesting a loss of solute transport through evolution.
Researchers developed a new catalyst using bismuth selenide, a topological insulator, to synthesize organoureas at room temperature with almost 100% yield. The catalyst's unique properties allow for stable surface states and recyclability.
A deep learning-based model developed in 7,105 patients predicted 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with CAP with AUCs ranging from 0.77 to 0.80. The model showed higher specificity than the CURB-65 score at the same sensitivity.
Researchers have discovered the reaction pathway of urea molecules after ionization, providing insight into the formation of life on Earth. The study uses X-ray spectroscopy to investigate chemical reactions in liquids at the femtosecond level, enabling scientists to observe molecular processes in real time.
Researchers at DESY reveal the rapid proton transaction process between urea molecules, which could have led to RNA molecule formation billions of years ago. The experiment demonstrates the importance of studying molecular processes in aqueous environments for understanding biological phenomena.
New research from the University of Manchester reveals that areas rich in marine life are significantly impacting our ecosystems and climate. The study found that urea, a nitrogen-rich compound, is being transported over long distances through the atmosphere to benefit nutrient-deficient environments.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have discovered that beneficial microbes in infant gut use nitrogen from human milk to support pediatric nutrition and development. The study provides new insights into the molecular underpinnings of these processes, which could lead to improved infant health around the world.
Researchers developed a new photo-oxidation method to efficiently synthesize pharmaceutical intermediates and polyurethane from perchloroethylene, a common dry cleaning solvent. The method yields high-quality compounds with minimal environmental impact, offering a promising alternative for sustainable chemical recycling.
A higher urine-to-plasma urea ratio is associated with faster decline in eGFR and development of kidney failure in patients with common forms of CKD. This biomarker may improve risk prediction, particularly in low-cost, easily measurable assays.
Researchers have developed a method that uses urea from urine to trigger the production of proteins in bacteria, replacing costly 'inducer' molecules. The new system produces similar quantities of protein as standard methods while being cheaper and easier to use, opening up new avenues for biotech industries.
Researchers discovered a link between the astrocytic urea cycle and Alzheimer's disease memory loss. The study found that the urea cycle helps clean up toxic amyloid-beta aggregates, but its activation also causes the production of harmful byproducts, leading to neuronal death.
The NTU team has developed a process using industrial carbide sludge and urea to create biocement, which can strengthen soil, reduce water seepage, and even repair rock carvings. The biocement-making process generates fewer carbon emissions and requires less energy compared to traditional cement production methods.
Researchers at Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have developed a method to make bricks out of Martian soil using bacteria and urea. These 'space bricks' can be used for building-like structures on Mars, reducing porosity and increasing strength. The team plans to study the effect of Mars' atmosphere and low gravity on the bricks.
A new study reveals that microbes in the guts of hibernating ground squirrels play a crucial role in recycling nutrients and maintaining muscle mass. The discovery could have significant implications for humans with muscle-wasting disorders and astronauts on extended space voyages.
Scientists create artificial liver cells that function like real ones, but excrete less urea, until they induce aquaporin 9, enabling them to break down ammonia into urea. The new model is being used to test OTC chaperones for therapies.
A novel InOOH electrocatalyst with frustrated Lewis pairs enables efficient urea synthesis from CO2 and N2 at room temperature. The catalyst achieves a high urea yield rate of 6.85 mmol h-1 g-1, promising a sustainable solution to excessive CO2 emissions during N2 fixation.
Researchers developed a strategy to achieve ultra-high loading of single metal atom sites on cobalt oxide support, stabilizing Rh and other noble metals. The strained surface showed exceptional UOR activity and stability, requiring lower working voltage than commercial Pt and Rh catalysts.
A new NIH grant will fund research on how beneficial microbes in infant gut use nitrogen from human milk to support pediatric nutrition and development. The study aims to understand the interactions between mother's diet, breast milk, and infant needs, as well as the role of probiotics and maternal lifestyle.
Researchers at Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore have devised a new method for producing urea, a key compound in fertilisers, through electrocatalysis. This approach produces urea five times more efficiently than previous methods and has the potential to contribute to sustainable agricultural practices.
A new method for producing urea, a critical fertilizer element, has been developed by researchers at the University of Texas at Austin. The process uses electrocatalysis and reduces energy consumption compared to traditional methods.
A new calibration sample set for milk urea nitrogen testing has been developed to improve accuracy in measuring nitrogen use by dairy cows. This improvement is crucial for understanding the environmental and economic impacts of dairy farming.
Researchers discovered novel diarylamides with excellent in vitro UT inhibitory activity, leading to the identification of a promising preclinical candidate. Oral administration of the compound showed a superior diuretic effect in vivo without causing electrolyte imbalance or toxicity.
Researchers have developed novel Bi-BiVO4 Mott-Schottky heterostructure catalysts for efficient urea synthesis under ambient conditions. The spontaneous charge transfer at the heterointerfaces promotes targeted adsorption and activation of CO2 and N2 molecules, effectively suppressing CO poisoning.
Jonas Baltrusaitis is investigating dry mechanochemical synthesis of urea ionic cocrystals for more stable fertilizer materials. This technology aims to slow down urea hydrolysis, reduce ammonia emissions and extend nitrogen availability to plants.
Researchers find that urea in astronaut urine can be used to soften concrete, making it more pliable and resistant to extreme temperatures. The discovery could help reduce costs associated with transporting construction materials to the Moon.
Researchers have discovered a new class of 2D materials called MXenes that can store enormous amounts of charge, similar to batteries. These materials can be charged or discharged within tens of seconds, making them ideal for rapid energy storage.
A $5 million federal grant will support research into urea cycle disorders, which can cause hyperammonemia and seizures. The study aims to investigate long-term organ damage, academic achievement, and neurologic complications in patients with the disorder.
Administering nanoparticles carrying messenger RNA for the arginase gene restored urea cycle function and prolonged lifespan in genetically deficient mice. This treatment approach holds promise for treating inherited metabolic disorders like arginase deficiency.
A research team has developed a more effective method to estimate polluting emissions from nitrogen fertilizers, utilizing Bayesian statistics. This method offers more realistic predictions and is useful for choosing sustainable strategies in agriculture.
Researchers from Mumbai Institute of Chemical Technology developed a simple and efficient method to synthesize unsymmetrical N,N'-disubstituted urea and N-substituted urea derivatives using L-proline as a catalyst. The methodology enables the synthesis of various phenylurea derivatives with excellent yield at mild conditions.
Researchers at Drexel University developed a wearable artificial kidney using MXene materials that can filter out urea from blood with high efficiency. The material has shown better ability to adsorb urea molecules compared to other known sorbents, paving the way for a more portable dialysis machine.
Researchers have created a nanomaterial called MXene that can capture urea from dialysis waste, paving the way for a more comfortable and effective artificial kidney. The material is lightweight, safe, and can hold onto urea even at body temperature.
Researchers found altered nitrogen metabolism in many cancers, producing detectable changes in body fluids and contributing to new mutations. This dysregulation may facilitate early detection of cancer and predict immunotherapy success.
Researchers successfully quantify hormone levels in whale breath for the first time, providing a new non-invasive method to study whale health. The technique allows for rapid and short-term acute responses to stressors, such as entanglement hazards and vessel strikes.
Researchers found that coating fertilizer with maleic-itaconic polymers (MIPs) slows down urease activity, improving nitrogen availability for plants. The study suggests farmers have a choice depending on their soil's acidity, offering a potential solution to increase crop yields and reduce environmental impact.
Researchers at Max Delbrück Center find GRHL2 protein crucial for concentrating urine and maintaining salt levels in the kidneys. Genetically modified mice lacking GRHL2 produce more diluted urine, highlighting its importance for regulating body fluids.
A new study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis suggests that kidney dysfunction increases the risk of diabetes. Elevated urea levels, which can be lowered through medication and diet, are a likely cause of this relationship.
Researchers identify build-up of urea in brain as major cause of dementia, with potential for early diagnosis and treatment. The study suggests that high brain urea levels may be a pivotal role in all types of age-related dementias.
French researchers have developed a new green solvent that can trap harmful volatile organic compounds from the air. The non-flammable mixture, made from choline salt and urea, was found to dissolve up to 500 times more chemicals than water at 30°C.
Researchers found that a new type of nitrogen fertilizer, SuperU, can significantly reduce nitrous oxide emissions from irrigated crops by up to 53% compared to traditional granular urea. However, the effect depends on crop rotation, with yields remaining unaffected when used in corn production.
Researchers develop simple method for coating nanoparticles with urea molecules to slow breakdown and release nitrogen. Initial field tests show promising results in reducing fertilizer need by half.
Glowworms' adhesive threads feature water-absorbent droplets containing minerals possibly from primary urine, extracting atmospheric water to avoid desiccation. The lines' composition is unique, containing mainly water, hygroscopic salts, and biomolecules.
Researchers discovered that sharks absorb toxic ammonia through their gills and convert it into non-toxic urea. This process helps maintain the fish's moisture levels in salty seawater.
Research at the University of Montreal found that high urea levels impair insulin secretion and blood glucose regulation in chronic kidney disease. A mouse model study demonstrated similar reductions in insulin secretion and poor glucose control when urea was increased.
A study by CRCHUM researchers reveals that chronic kidney disease can cause secondary diabetes through the buildup of urea in the blood. The disease impairs insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, leading to increased blood glucose levels and potentially progressing to diabetes.
Researchers at LSU create non-permanent adhesive using urea and urease, exhibiting promising properties for biomedical applications. The adhesive's degradation rate can be adjusted, making it suitable for various biomedical uses.
Research by Jamshidi et al. found that combining salicylic acid, malic acid, and urea can extend cut gerbera blooms' vase life from a week to over two weeks. These compounds prevent bacterial contamination and sustain enzyme activity in the stems.
A study by UCSB scientists examined the unique properties of tau, a critical protein in neurons that can form clumps associated with Alzheimer's disease. Researchers found that exposing tau to certain chemicals, such as urea, could prevent aggregation, while another compound, TMAO, accelerated it.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a cheap, hydrolysable polymer called poly(hindered urea)s (PHUs), which can be designed to degrade over time. This material has potential applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and packaging, offering advantages over traditional hydrolyzable polymers.
Scientists have developed a new technique to convert astronaut urine into fuel and drinking water, reducing the waste burden in space missions. The Urea Bioreactor Electrochemical system efficiently converts urea into ammonia, which is then turned into energy with a fuel cell.
Researchers discovered that Chinese soft-shelled turtles urinate primarily through their mouths, allowing them to conserve water in brackish environments. This unique adaptation enables the turtles to avoid problems associated with drinking salty water and excreting excess salts.