Articles tagged with Water Molecules
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Researchers discovered that water molecules move in a smooth, rolling motion on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), whereas on graphene, they experience increased friction. This finding offers insights into designing surfaces that control friction, wetting, and ice formation.
Experimental tests demonstrate that interactions between magma oceans and primitive atmospheres during early years can produce significant amounts of water. This process has major implications for the physical and chemical properties of planets' interiors, with potential effects on core development and atmospheric composition.
Researchers use ultraviolet light to create angstrom-sized channels in polymer membranes, allowing for precise separation of ions and small molecules. The technique enables sieving of monovalent ions from multivalent ions, with adjustable channel sizes.
Scientists at Tokyo University of Science used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the hierarchical dynamics of water in crystal nanopores, revealing a new phase called premelting state. This phase exhibits contradictory states and fast rotational motions.
Researchers at Harvard SEAS have developed a gentler, more sustainable way to break down keratins and turn leftover wool and feathers into useful products. The process uses concentrated lithium bromide to create an environment favorable for spontaneous protein unfolding.
A Northwestern University study discovered that organic matter enhances soil's ability to retain water, even in desert-like conditions. Carbohydrates form bridges between organic molecules and soil minerals, locking in moisture that would otherwise evaporate.
Researchers have solved the crystal structure of tetra-n-butylammonium bromide hydrate (TBAB) hydrate, a semiclathrate hydrate used in air conditioning. The unique tetragonal superstructure explains its heat storage characteristics and provides new design principles for hydrate-based functional materials.
A new computational tool called ColdBrew predicts the likelihood of water molecule positions within experimental protein structures, aiding drug discovery efforts. The tool leverages data on extensive protein water networks, providing insights into how ligands bind to proteins and potentially improving binding sites.
Researchers from the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, used molecular-scale simulations to understand ice formation. They found that the arrangement of water molecules in the two layers closest to the surface is crucial for nucleation, promoting a low-dimensional hexagonal crystal lattice at the surface.
A new study emphasizes the importance of pushing metal site design limits to optimize hydrogen evolution reaction in single atom catalysts. Researchers found that hydrogen binding energy calculation can serve as a good predictor of activity, and neighboring nitrogen atoms can host catalytic activity to negate poisoning effects.
A Northwestern University study reveals that water molecules flip before releasing oxygen atoms, significantly increasing energy consumption. Increasing pH levels of water reduces this energy cost, making water splitting a more practical and cost-effective process.
Researchers developed a strategy to regulate hydrogen bond networks at electrolyte-electrode interfaces, accelerating proton transfer in CO2 reduction reactions. The approach involves introducing extra catalytic centers, such as cubic phase molybdenum carbide, to enhance water dissociation and facilitate proton generation.
A new method using terahertz radiation has been developed to accurately measure the water content in biogas produced during biomass recycling. This allows for efficient operation and reliable results over a wide range of water vapor concentrations and temperatures.
Scientists at Ruhr University Bochum have shed light on the structure of supercritical water, finding that water molecules form few hydrogen bonds in this state. The research reveals that water behaves like a gas, with short-lived molecular interactions between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
Researchers propose that microlightning in water droplets, rather than lightning strikes, sparked the formation of organic molecules with carbon-nitrogen bonds. This new mechanism suggests a more plausible explanation for the origin of life on Earth, overcoming criticisms of the Miller-Urey hypothesis.
Scientists from the University of California San Diego have discovered that liquid water separates into two distinct phases under certain conditions, one high-density and one low-density. This finding reveals a unique property of water and has potential applications in fields such as water desalination and pollutant capture.
Researchers have directly observed water molecules flipping before splitting, which explains why the process requires more energy than expected. This finding could lead to new insights into increasing the efficiency of water splitting, a crucial step in generating clean hydrogen fuel and producing breathable oxygen.
A study by Washington University in St. Louis researchers has found a critical role for the physical interfaces of amyloid beta peptides in determining their chemical dynamics, leading to neurodegeneration. The research identified small molecules capable of breaking the toxic feedback loop, providing evidence that proper nutrition may ...
Camille Bilodeau's project uses AI and molecular simulations to design peptide-covered surfaces for targeted applications, including new medicines, water desalination, and semiconductor manufacturing. Her research group aims to develop a rapid predictive tool to understand surface-water interactions of tethered peptides.
Researchers at the University of Sydney are using Zwitterions to create materials that can prevent blood clots from forming in medical devices and implants. They have successfully created a zwitterionic coating that repels water beyond the material's boundaries.
Researchers at TU Wien developed COK-47, a powdery solid substance with remarkable capabilities, by combining organic and inorganic chemistry. In humid environments, the material forms a tribofilm that ensures extremely low friction, making it highly interesting for industry applications.
Researchers developed push-pull azobenzenes that interact with the lipid bilayer and induce light-dependent membrane potential changes. The molecules' ability to partition into membranes and undergo isomerization allows for precise modulation of surface charge, enabling non-invasive cell stimulation.
The study reveals three distinct phases: liquid, solid, and plastic ice, with the latter exhibiting picosecond rotational motion. The implementation of state-of-the-art spectrometers and sample environments enabled the first experimental observation of plastic ice VII at high temperatures and pressures.
Scientists have discovered a way to turn ordinary liquids into epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials by interacting them with intense femtosecond laser pulses. This creates a new class of materials with tunable light propagation properties, opening up possibilities for advances in optical sensing and communication.
A commonly used mathematical approach to describe fluorescence evolution in solids cannot be applied to liquids, where molecules are free to move. This can lead to erroneous interpretations of experimental data and wrong conclusions.
The Amazon rainforest is a significant source of condensation nuclei for clouds, according to two studies. The rainforest's plant transpiration and thunderstorms produce aerosol particles that can be transported thousands of kilometers, influencing marine cloud formation.
Researchers at UCSF found a brain signature of resilience in mice that suggests a new way to treat severe depression. Stress changes activity in the amygdala, distinguishing resilient from less resilient mice. By stimulating neurons, the team improved decision-making and reduced ruminating in less resilient mice.
Researchers at Washington State University have discovered a way to accelerate ions in mixed organic ion-electronic conductors, setting a new world record for ion speed. This breakthrough could lead to improved battery charging, biosensing, and neuromorphic computing.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed a method to break down condensation polymers in plastics using solvents and liquid organic hydrogen carriers, producing aromatic compounds that can be used as fuels. This breakthrough has potential implications for the sustainability of the chemical industry and reducing global warming.
Researchers at Binghamton University have developed a paper-based wearable device that captures moisture from the air and converts it into electricity. The device uses bacterial spores to break down water molecules into ions, generating an electric charge.
EPFL researchers have developed correlated vibrational spectroscopy (CVS) to measure the behavior of water molecules participating in hydrogen bonds. The method allows for direct measurement of electronic charge sharing and H-bond strength, enabling precise characterization of molecular-level details in various materials.
A new approach to lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal assembly has been developed using charged π-electronic molecules. The assembled materials exhibit optical anisotropy, magnetic susceptibility, and temperature-dependent orientation, enabling the design of materials with specific properties.
A new MOF has been developed using a 'Merged-Net Strategy' inspired by skyscraper architecture, resulting in enhanced porosity and structural stability. The material exhibits superior water adsorption capacity and reusability compared to conventional MOFs.
Researchers at Pusan National University developed a fast-responding colorimetric sensor with an expanded color gamut, capable of detecting humidity and other environmental changes in real-time. The sensor outperforms previous designs with a wide color representation and rapid responsiveness.
Researchers at Institute of Science Tokyo create terpene-based chiral capsules that facilitate the easy preparation of well-defined host–guest composites with tunable chiroptical properties. The resulting composites can be used in water without organic solvents, paving the way for advances in cutting-edge optical technologies.
For the first time, researchers have witnessed nanosized water bubbles forming in real time using a novel method that enables atomic precision. The breakthrough discovery has significant implications for practical applications, such as rapid water generation in deep space environments without extreme conditions.
By combining data from Hubble and MAVEN, scientists measured the number and current escape rate of hydrogen atoms escaping into space, allowing them to extrapolate the history of water on Mars. The study found that atmospheric conditions change rapidly, with rapid releases of atoms at high altitudes.
Researchers discovered an unexpected increase in H2O and HDO concentrations in Venus' mesosphere, with the HDO/H2O ratio rising 120 times higher than expected. This finding suggests that solar radiation broke down water isotopologues, producing hydrogen atoms that escape into space, leading to deuterium enrichment.
Researchers found that as planet mass increases, water tends to integrate with the iron core, leading to a reevaluation of astronomical observation data and planetary habitability. This discovery has significant implications for the study of Super-Earths and the search for life beyond Earth.
Seven rock samples collected along the fan front of Mars' Jezero Crater show evidence of minerals formed in water, suggesting a watery environment. While organic matter cannot be confirmed, these rocks may hold the key to finding remnants of ancient Martian life.
Researchers at Yokohama National University successfully synthesized a stable clathrate hydrate phase with a predicted hexagonal crystal structure. The team fine-tuned the guest molecule to stabilize the structure, which has implications for various applications including natural gas storage and CO2 capture.
Scientists directly observe the precise shape of ice at its interface with liquid for the first time, revealing a flat surface with occasional steps. They also found that the ice is harder than previously estimated, using antifreeze and advanced microscopy.
Researchers have identified two highly soluble molecules with superior antioxidant benefits for cells, which could help prevent and manage certain degenerative diseases by maintaining lower levels of harmful free radicals. The study suggests that these molecules can transfer and accumulate in membranes, reducing the risk of cell damage.
Researchers have developed a new technique to overcome the perceived limitation of membranes with pores of consistent size, enabling unprecedented selectivity in size-based separations. By studying isoporous membranes, scientists uncovered a dynamic that could surmount hindered transport limitations.
Researchers propose a novel hydrogel electrolyte formula that effectively interrupts water clusters and enhances water covalency, resulting in an expanded voltage stability window. The design improves the battery's climate adaptability by regulating Zn solvation and interfacial adhesion.
Researchers at MIT develop a glassy, amber-like polymer that can store DNA at room temperature while protecting the molecules from damage caused by heat or water. The T-REX method allows easy removal of DNA without damaging it, making it a promising technology for storing digital information on DNA.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered the mechanism of action of the widely-used epilepsy drug perampanel, which targets the AMPA receptor to dampen brain cell excitability. The study provides new insights into the potential applications of perampanel in treating other neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease,...
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed alkyl-aromatic hybrid micelles that exhibit high stability in water and excellent host functions towards aromatic guests. The new amphiphiles feature a linear alkyl-chain flanked by two aromatic panels, forming an alkyl core surrounded by an aromatic shell.
Researchers at CDMF and CINE developed a novel plasma treatment approach for antimony tri-selenide films, making them hydrophilic and improving their photoelectroactivity. This enhancement enables the material to produce hydrogen gas through solar-driven water splitting.
The study reveals that the formation of pyramid-shaped structures around water molecules is dominant at low ethanol concentrations, but chain-like structures become more prevalent at higher temperatures. This explains why baijiu has a distinct taste at room temperature, which disappears at higher temperatures.
A recent analysis of cloud measurements and satellite data suggests that even tiny aerosol particles may play a significant role in cloud formation. This finding challenges current models and could have significant implications for predicting future climate change.
MIT researchers demonstrate that light can break water molecules away from the surface and float them into the air, causing evaporation in the absence of heat. This phenomenon has significant implications for understanding cloud formation and precipitation, as well as designing new industrial processes such as solar-powered desalination.
A research group at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics has realized hydrogen formation by contact electrification at oil-water microdroplet interfaces. The study found that charge separation between microdroplets can lead to hydrogenation reactions, and the researchers proposed a mechanism involving contact electrification and charge...
Researchers discovered that 19 amino acids essential to life on Earth can persist for up to four weeks in concentrated sulfuric acid, which is similar to the concentrations found in Venus' clouds. This finding suggests that the clouds of Venus could support complex chemicals needed for life.
The Juno spacecraft has directly measured charged oxygen and hydrogen molecules from Europa's atmosphere, providing key constraints on the potential oxygenation of its subsurface ocean. The findings suggest that oxygen is continuously produced in the surface ice shell, with an estimated 12 kg per second, which could support habitability.
Scientists directly visualize the neutral products of hydronium-hydroxide neutralization, observing two electron-transfer mechanisms and a proton-transfer channel. The study provides insights into quantum dynamics of this fundamental reaction.
Scientists successfully synthesized pantetheine, a chemical essential for all living things, in lab conditions mimicking early Earth. The compound is crucial for metabolism and may have played a role in the emergence of life on Earth.
A team of Yale chemists has synthesized eight anticancer molecules for the first time using a novel approach that combines inventive chemical strategy with advanced technology. The molecules have therapeutic potential and represent a significant breakthrough in synthetic chemistry.
Scientists have developed a cage-like molecule to trap sulfate in water, which could help control its concentration in health, industry, and environmental management. The molecular trap can be prepared inexpensively from off-the-shelf chemicals and has potential applications in medicine, such as treating cystic fibrosis.
Scientists detected water molecules on two asteroids, Iris and Massalia, indicating a distribution of water in our solar system that can inform searches for life beyond Earth. The discovery was made possible by using the FORCAST instrument to isolate mid-infrared spectral signatures indicative of molecular water.