Articles tagged with Geologic Formations
A new study led by Smithsonian volcanologist Dan Rasmussen finds that water content in magma is a significant factor controlling its storage depth. The research provides crucial insights into the physics of magma storage beneath volcanoes, which can aid in predicting volcanic eruptions.
A study in the journal Geology explores the formation of rifts as tectonic plates pull apart, finding that slow plate movement is the primary driver. The research focuses on a newly formed rift in Iceland, where magma did not play a key role in its creation.
Researchers discovered carbon residue in ancient ruby, indicating early life presence, and graphite changed surrounding rocks' chemistry for favourable conditions
Asteroid Bennu's surface is covered in boulders due to its highly porous rocks, which compress rather than fragment under meteoroid impacts. This contradicts previous observations of fine regolith on similar asteroids, such as Ryugu and Itokawa.
Researchers used extensive 2D and 3D broadband seismic reflection data to visualize and understand the subsurface structures of the Orphan Basin. The study provides context for future assessments of source rock, reservoir, and seal strata in oil and gas exploration.
The Chang'e-5 mission brought back nearly two kilograms of lunar rocks and dust, including a mix of 'exotic' fragments that may preserve records of other lunar surface areas. The youngest geological area of the Moon's nearside has yielded insights into past volcanic activity
The study reconstructs the movement of southwest Japan from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic era using paleomagnetic analysis. The researchers found that southwest Japan experienced two clockwise rotations, indicating tectonic rotations during the Paleogene and Neogene periods.
Geophysicists use anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and geochemical analyses to map out magma pathways along over 100 km of the Oman spreading axis. This project aims to provide greater understanding of dynamic processes occurring at depth beneath the seafloor.
The new radiometric dating of the Tianqiaoling Formation provided an age of 212.8±2.5 Ma, indicating the peak development of the Tianqiaoling flora. This finding contributes to a better understanding of Late Triassic phytogeography in East Asia.
Researchers map kidney stone formation from tiny to troublesome, revealing microspherules merge to form larger crystals, and stones undergo multiple cycles of partial dissolution and growth. The new classification scheme and GeoBioCell device aim to accelerate research, diagnostic testing, and individualized treatment targets.
A new study reveals that mountain formation was paused for nearly a billion years during Earth's middle age, leading to a decline in crustal thickness and potentially halting life evolution. The prolonged orogenic quiescence may have resulted from the long-lived Nuna-Rodina supercontinent altering the thermal structure of the mantle.
A 42-million-year-old partial skull discovered in West Texas sheds new light on the evolutionary history of caimans and their relationship with alligators. The fossil's braincase features suggest that it belonged to a caiman, contradicting earlier assumptions.
Researchers A.M. Celal Sengor and colleagues used geochemistry and structural geology to identify essential mountain-building processes in the Precambrian rock record. The Saharides' formation added 3-5 million km2 of material to the continents, providing a new method for reconstructing complex mountain formations.
Researchers used marine controlled-source electromagnetic imaging to map a pattern of alternating ash/soil and basalt layers that trap fresh groundwater while forcing out seawater. This discovery suggests a novel mechanism for transporting freshwater offshore to the submarine flank of the island.
Researchers have discovered natural nanodiamonds in oceanic rocks, confirming the formation of diamonds under low-pressure conditions. The discovery was made in Cuba's Moa-Baracoa Ophiolitic Massif and provides new insights into the geological processes that form these valuable gemstones.
The study reanalyzed fossils of Pisanosaurus and dated rocks from the Ischigualasto Formation, finding that Ornithiscians and Saurischians first appeared and diverged around the same time. The researchers also found that the period over which the formation was deposited overlaps with the Chinle Formation in North America.
The study reports a two-stage collision between India and Asia, with the Tethyan Himalaya terrane drifting northward and colliding with Asia at ~61 Ma. The findings match history of India-Asia convergence rates and provide constraints for climate models linking Himalayan orogenesis with global climate change.
Researchers analyzed volcanic tuff in European Russia's continental formation, determining the precise age of upper layers at 253.95 million years. This discovery allows for direct comparison of fauna associations and thaw lengths in European Russia during late Permian.
Researchers determined that the Great Oxidation Event occurred within a time interval spanning the Paleoproterozoic Era's two sedimentary formations. The study suggests the GOE predated global glaciation, contrary to previous assumptions.
The 'uplift of the Tibetan Plateau' concept is debunked due to contradictory paleoaltimetric estimates, isotopic bias, and re-dating of key sites. The region's complex topography was formed before the India-Eurasia collision, with uplift beginning in the Eocene.
A new study demonstrates that there's more than enough suitable storage for captured carbon dioxide on the world's continental shelves to meet IPCC goals. The research suggests that developing enough CO2 injection wells over a relatively short period is manageable and can help achieve emissions cuts of up to 13% by 2050.
The Pulpí geode is an 11-meter hollow ovoid with crystal-paneled walls, formed from gypsum crystals up to 2 meters in size. The team studied the geology and geochemistry of the abandoned mine where the geode was found, revealing that the crystals formed at around 20 °C.
Researchers analyzed global images of submarine canyons to find fundamental differences in their shapes and profiles compared to land-based canyons. The study suggests that processes forming submarine canyons are periodic landslides, seismic activity, or large winter storms, leading to new insights into Martian landscapes.
Researchers found exceptionally preserved microbial structures in Western Australia's Dresser Formation, proving biogenic origin and providing new insights into early life investigations. The discovery is a major advance, shedding light on the search for life on Mars and humanity's ancestry.
Scientists have recalculated the Moon's age to approximately 50 million years after solar system formation, based on hafnium-tungsten systematics from Apollo samples. This new estimate significantly differs from earlier research findings and sheds light on planetary evolution.
Researchers have identified a bacterium, Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense, as a potential sign of life on Mars. The bacterium can thrive in harsh environments with low oxygen levels and forms unique rock formations that resemble pasta, making it an easy target for detection.
A recent study synthesizes advances in the causes and formation mechanisms of severe haze pollution in northern China. Researchers found that seasonal emissions from residential heating and efficient secondary aerosol formation contribute to severe haze events.
New data reveals a distinct Zealandia-Antarctic mantle domain, formed by deep mantle upwelling and volcanism after Gondwana breakup. The Australian-Antarctic Ridge has isotopic compositions unique to this newly defined domain.
Researchers have reconstructed ancient lost plates under the Andes mountains, offering a glimpse of the Earth's surface millions of years ago. The study reveals that the formation of the mountain range was more complex than previously thought, with evidence of volcanic activity and plate tectonics.
The study explores the Yanshan Movement's impact on eastern China's Jurassic stratigraphy, indicating a southward subduction of the Siberian Plate. The region experienced significant uplift during the Late Triassic period and underwent changes in biological assemblages.
A new study by the University of Texas at Austin found that where produced water is stored underground increases earthquake risk. The research identified factors that can help reduce seismicity, including managing injection rates and regional volumes.
Researchers from University of Hamburg discovered that solid rock exhibits fluid behavior during massive impacts, forming craters in just minutes. The findings support the acoustic fluidization hypothesis and have significant implications for understanding large impact crater formation across our solar system.
The discovery of exceptionally well-preserved microfossils in Mongolia's Khesen Formation may confirm the existence of animal ecosystems earlier than previously thought. The cache, comprising eight genera and 17 species, represents a critical transition in life's history.
Researchers found that PACs mainly derive from biosynthetic compounds of high plants and microbial/fungal precursors. The occurrence of PACs is affected by coal rank, origins, depositional environment, formation history, and geological ages.
A new study reveals that the 60-degree bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor chain is primarily caused by a directional change in the Pacific plate motion. The research also suggests that some southward plume motion is required, but this cannot be explained by current mantle convection models.
Researchers have recovered over 100 billion micrometeorites from urban areas, including Norway, and found that the majority are cosmic spherules, representing the youngest large MMs yet recovered. This study challenges the long-held belief that these particles can only be found in pristine environments.
Researchers confirm massive volcanic eruptions occurred 170-90 million years ago, triggering environmental catastrophes and mass extinctions. The study suggests interaction between deep mantle upwellings and mid-ocean ridges enabled the formation of these massive eruptions.
Researchers studied the Carmel Formation's ability to store carbon dioxide, finding it provides a barrier-forming zone that traps CO2. The team used computer modeling and drilling to determine the formation's effectiveness in long-term storage.
Scientists analyze sedimentary archives in Alberta Foreland Basin, revealing cyclic changes in sediment source areas consistent with magmatic flare-ups. In another study, researchers uncover pre-Cenozoic geologic history of the central and northern Tibetan Plateau, tying Wilson cycles to constructing the Tethyan orogenic system.
Geologists explore how various rock types, particularly carbonates, influenced Union and Confederate commander's decisions. The rolling terrain of Gettysburg and other battlefields was limited by carbonate rocks, which provided natural defensive positions.
Researchers discovered a new species of extinct worm lizard in Texas, dubbed the 'Lone Star' lizard. The discovery sheds light on how certain animal groups responded to climate change in the past and provides insight into potential future adaptations.
Geologists have discovered evidence to explain the origin of the Wilcox Formation, one of Mexico's most productive oil plays, and support for a theory that water levels in the Gulf of Mexico dropped dramatically as it was separated from the world's oceans. The study also offers insight into extreme warming around 55.8 million years ago.
The interaction of water and magma can dramatically increase the explosivity of a volcanic eruption, producing billowing clouds that deposit tephra as fine-grained ash within 10 km of the vent area. The study of the 2008 Okmok eruption in Alaska provides insights into water-magma interactions and their impact on eruption parameters.
New mapping and dating reveal timing of past earthquakes and tectonic deformation distribution across the western U.S. Death Valley's faulted alluvial fans help determine seismic hazard mitigation and understand great landscapes' evolution over recent geologic time.
Scientists have reevaluated the emergence of early dinosaur relatives and their connection to the first dinosaurs. The new findings suggest a shorter time gap between the two, dating back around 234-236 million years, contradicting previous estimates.
Scientists discovered that CO2 levels 50 million years ago were nearly half the predicted 1,125 ppm, indicating a greater sensitivity to greenhouse warming. This new data challenges previous estimates and suggests a more severe climate change impact if CO2 levels reach that threshold.
Research by Franz Neubauer and Fariba Kargaranbafghi reveals lithospheric thinning associated with the formation of a metamorphic core complex in the Central Iranian plateau. The study suggests that this process was linked to extension, upwelling of hot asthenosphere, and subsequent uplift of the plateau.
Scientists found that Oklahoma's rising number of earthquakes coincided with increased disposal of salty wastewater into the Arbuckle formation. The primary source of quake-triggering wastewater is brackish water generated from oil and gas extraction, not hydraulic fracturing flowback water.
Researchers develop a new relationship between soil magnetic properties and precipitation, doubling the potential range of terrestrial paleoclimate applications. This improves understanding of hydrologic conditions in the deep past, leading to more accurate predictions of water availability and ecosystem stability in a warmer world.
Researchers develop models to identify migratory patterns of species and find they do not stay put over millions of years. UC geologists also recreate ancient Ohio environments using mud cracks and deposits, providing insights into significant ecological change.
Using Structure-From-Motion Photogrammetry, researchers are creating high-resolution 3-D models of cliff formations in Colorado and Utah. This approach allows for detailed analysis of layered rock formations and the impact of erosion on landscape formation.
Researchers developed a new system using high-resolution topography models and structure from motion to study active faults and their role in earthquakes. The method produces comparable quality data at lower costs, enabling geologists to analyze prehistoric ruptures and surface rupture formed during earthquakes.
Researchers found that natural hydraulic fractures formed over time spans of 33 to 35 million years, driven by the slow generation of natural gas. These fractures play a crucial role in modern hydraulic fracturing production, connecting pores in reservoir rock to the hydraulic fracture and wellbore.
Researchers discovered that geologic cycles, including mountain formation and chemical weathering, play a crucial role in balancing atmospheric CO2 levels. This balance helps prevent the planet from becoming too hot or too cold, allowing life to thrive.
Researchers have uncovered new seismic data for the Slate Range in California, revealing a change in faulting style around four million years ago. In another study, scientists linked zircon ages to oxygen isotopic correlations between two tephra deposits in the southwestern United States.
Articles explore geological processes such as erosion, deposition, and sedimentation, shedding light on catastrophic outburst floods and sediment routing systems. New findings from the Eocene Escanilla Formation and the Ohanapecosh Formation provide insights into facies architecture and sediment grain size variation.
The paper presents findings on strain rates measured in travertine in the Rio Grande rift, age dating of the Neoarchean Rum Jungle complex, and the first lithosphere-scale illustration of the structural evolution of the Black Sea Basin. Geodynamic modeling also reveals internal structures produced during craton formation.
A new study reveals that deep sandstone formations, crucial for hydrocarbon extraction and carbon sequestration, host a low-diversity microbial community dominated by Halomonas sulfidaeris-like bacteria. These microbes have evolved strategies to cope with extreme conditions and can recycle scarce nutrients to meet their metabolic needs.
The study provides evidence for the Xingmeng area being in a marine or mainly marine environment at the end of the late Permian period. The discovery of bryozoan and other marine fossils in the upper part of the Linxi Formation supports this finding.
Land-based lava pillars in Iceland may have formed without explosion due to slow-moving lava interacting with water in a 'kinder' manner, suggesting new insights into volcanic risk assessment.