Articles tagged with Ionosphere
A new framework, FAIRS, improves responsive and statistical bounding performance of uncertainty maps by accounting for non-Gaussian residual behavior. It enhances the responsiveness and reliability of ionospheric corrections in high-precision positioning applications.
Researchers suggest that extreme space weather may have far worse effects on Earth's technology than previously thought. The study, published in Nature, found a direct relationship between solar wind strength and electric currents in the upper atmosphere, indicating no upper limit to Earth's response.
A study published in Science Advances reveals that Earth's ionosphere contributed to the majority of ring current ions during a record-breaking super geomagnetic storm in May 2024. This finding highlights the importance of understanding how much Earth's ionosphere contributes to the ring current, as it may be essential for accurately p...
A new multi-layer ionospheric mapping function for PPP-AR has been validated, improving convergence times by 4-10% and early-stage positioning. The method outperforms conventional Single Layer Model (SLM) in equatorial regions where ionospheric gradients are hardest to tame.
A recent study revealed that the solar superstorm caused a dramatic increase in electrons in two distinct layers of Mars' atmosphere at altitudes of around 110 and 130 km. The storm also triggered computer errors for both orbiters, but they recovered quickly due to their radiation-resistant components.
The study suggests that ionospheric charge variations could interact with pre-existing fragile structures in the Earth's crust, influencing fracture processes. Strong solar activity could generate electrostatic pressures comparable to tidal or gravitational stresses, potentially contributing to earthquake initiation.
A new study reveals how the superstorm compressed Earth's plasmasphere, a protective layer of charged particles that encircles our planet. The plasmasphere normally extends far from Earth, but during the storm, its outer boundary moved from approximately 44,000 km above Earth's surface to just 9,600 km.
Researchers at Kyushu University found that rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere may lead to disruptions in shortwave radio communications, including systems used for air traffic control and maritime communication. The ionosphere's cooling due to global warming causes a decrease in air density and accelerates wind circulation.
Researchers mapped electron density in the ionosphere and observed unique 3D wave patterns after the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake, showing earthquakes generate waves from multiple points along the entire fault line. The study provides new insights into how earthquakes affect the upper atmosphere.
A new study reveals that sporadic E layers were significantly enhanced during the recovery phase of the 2024 Mother's Day super geomagnetic storm. The phenomenon, which appears as thin and dense patches of ionized metals, was detected mainly over Southeast Asia, Australia, the South Pacific, and the East Pacific.
A Southwest Research Institute-led team identified electrons with energies enhanced by processes in the Alfvén wing, shaping the plasma environment around Io. These energized electrons interact with Io's atmosphere and surface, ionizing atoms and molecules and creating aurora.
Researchers have discovered unusual, Earth-size magnetically driven vortices generating dense, hydrocarbon haze at Jupiter's poles. The dark ovals hint at strong interactions between the planet's magnetic field and atmosphere.
Scientists at the University of Surrey are developing a new type of spacecraft that harnesses thin air for propulsion, enabling higher-resolution Earth observation and faster telecommunications. This innovation has the potential to extend mission lifetimes by removing the need for stored propellant.
Researchers propose that parallel electric fields in the upper atmosphere could produce the colorful emissions of Steve and the picket fence. This unusual process has implications for understanding energy flow between Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere.
A study reveals that Earth's ionospheric plasma drives geomagnetic storms, disrupting radio signals and GPS. The research helps predict storm impact and contributes to understanding space weather.
Researchers at Tohoku University found that the geomagnetic field plays a crucial role in protecting the Earth's lower atmosphere from harmful effects of electron precipitation. The study reveals that the mirror force caused by the magnetic field deflects relativistic electrons upwards, reducing their impact on the ionosphere.
An international team found that volcanic eruptions can produce equatorial plasma bubbles in the ionosphere, disrupting satellite-based communications. The Tonga eruption triggered an irregular structure of electron density across the equator, delaying radio waves and degrading GPS performance.
A new model of the Earth's ionosphere has been developed using neural networks, which can reconstruct the topside ionosphere with high accuracy. This improvement is crucial for satellite navigation systems, such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), which require precise correction of radio signals to mitigate ionospheric delays.
Researchers from the University of Washington analyzed the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption in the South Pacific, discovering that ionosphere signals can help explain why tsunami waves grew larger and traveled faster than predicted. The study validated the use of GPS signals traveling through the atmosphere to track events on the gro...
New research from British Antarctic Survey predicts climate change will extend the lifetime of space debris and elevate the risk of collisions between satellites, due to reduced atmospheric density. The study's findings highlight the need for action to control space pollution and ensure the upper atmosphere remains usable in the future.
The Martian ionosphere's anisotropic characteristics cause dispersion of radio signals, distorting echoes and degrading image quality. A model simulating the ionospheric effect is developed to estimate Mars' subsurface without considering magnetic fields and solar activity.
Researchers at Nagoya University used satellite data to track ionospheric disturbances after the 2022 Tonga underwater eruption, detecting earlier signs of tsunami waves. The team found that electromagnetic waves traveled 1000 km/s, much faster than air pressure waves, allowing for potentially quicker tsunami warnings.
A physics professor at the University of Texas at Arlington will lead an instrument on NASA's GDC mission to measure electron density and temperature in the ionosphere. The goal is to understand space weather and its effects on human activity, including disruptions to satellite operations and communication signals.
Scientists analyzing NASA's ICON mission data and ESA's Swarm satellites found that the Tonga volcano's eruption triggered hurricane-speed winds and unusual electric currents in the ionosphere. The extreme winds reached speeds of up to 450 mph, affecting the equatorial electrojet and causing a dramatic shift in its direction.
A new method for detecting tsunamis using existing GPS satellites has been developed by an international team of researchers. The system can issue warnings within 15 minutes of an earthquake or tsunami, and can be implemented in countries with a sparse GPS network.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have discovered a new mechanism driving Saturn's massive aurorae, which are fueled by swirling winds in its upper atmosphere. This discovery answers one of NASA's Cassini mission mysteries and highlights the complex interactions between atmospheric weather and aurora creation.
An international team of scientists proposes a global network to monitor hazards threatening Earth's ecosystems and human activities. The International Meridian Circle Program aims to track space weather events, geomagnetic field changes, and atmospheric disturbances using a diverse range of instruments.
Researchers discovered unique changes to the ionospheric D-region triggered by thunderstorms and solar flares. These findings have implications for improving long-range communications like GPS.
A high-velocity atmospheric wave was generated by Beirut's 2020 ammonium nitrate explosion, rivalling those from volcanic eruptions. The blast caused electron disturbances in Earth's upper atmosphere, including changes in total electron content in the ionosphere.
Scientists at Nagoya University have found that an electric accelerator for auroras exists much higher in space than previously thought, beyond 30,000 kilometres above the Earth's surface. This finding offers insight into Earth and other planets as well, shedding light on the process of aurora formation.
A team of scientists detected a space hurricane in Earth's polar ionosphere and magnetosphere, revealing a long-lasting, swirling mass of plasma. The analysis allowed a 3D image to be created of the hurricane, which rained electrons instead of water.
A UTA professor is working on a new classification system for geomagnetic storms based on overall storm energy, focusing on storms with large amounts of power that dissipate in the ionosphere. This research could lead to better understanding of how space weather affects satellites and ultimately life on Earth.
A new publication by Kazan Federal University reviews ionosphere plasma experiments using artificial heating facilities like SURA, EISCAT-Heater, and HAARP. The study reveals insights into plasma fluctuations, turbulence, and electron acceleration, shedding light on the ionosphere's role as a natural plasma laboratory.
Researchers found WWII bombing raids produced shockwaves strong enough to weaken the ionosphere above the UK, 1000km away. The blasts released energy equivalent to 300 lightning strikes, affecting modern technologies like radio communications and GPS systems.
Electrically charged volcanic ash from the 1815 Mount Tambora eruption may have contributed to Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo by 'short-circuiting' the ionosphere. Heavy rain brought about by this ash led to muddy and rainy conditions that hindered the Allied army.
Researchers found STEVE to be an entirely new optical phenomenon produced by a different atmospheric process than the aurora. The study used satellite data and ground-based cameras to analyze a STEVE event in March 2008.
Researchers have discovered a complex and previously unknown phenomenon in Jupiter's upper atmosphere. The discovery reveals that the planet's magnetic equator is surprisingly simple, but its ionosphere between the equator and pole is very complex.
The NASA GOLD Mission observes the dynamic intermingling of space and Earth's uppermost atmosphere, seeking to understand what drives change in this critical region. The mission provides fast observations to monitor hour-by-hour changes in space weather and improves forecasting models for satellites, astronauts, and life on Earth.
The ICON and GOLD missions are teaming up to provide comprehensive observations of the ionosphere, a little-understood area close to home. By capturing detailed remote and in situ data, these missions will help improve situational awareness for astronauts and humans on the ground.
Cassini spacecraft data reveals Saturn's rings casting shadows in ionized particles, affecting the planet's ionosphere. The dynamic ionosphere is structured on small scales and shows surprising variability, with possible explanations including ring rain, solar radiation, or magnetic field interactions.
An international team detected radio frequency emission from colliding neutron stars, providing the longest-lasting electromagnetic signature. The discovery uses a new VHF/UHF receiver system and VLITE instrument to track the source's evolution.
The UK will build a cutting-edge space weather radar in the Arctic, providing unprecedented detail to understand space weather's effects on technology and society. The EISCAT_3D radar will measure the upper atmosphere and near-Earth space, helping scientists better comprehend the connections between Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere.
Scientists will use automated communication signals to probe the ionosphere's behavior during the Aug. 21 eclipse, providing insights into mechanisms underlying ionospheric changes. The study will help improve understanding of the Sun's impact on Earth's atmosphere and navigation signal interference.
A team of NASA scientists and engineers has developed a miniaturized version of a century-old technology to probe the ionosphere. The Concentration vs. Height for an Orbiting Electromagnetic Sounder (ECHOES) device uses digital signal processing to analyze radio wave signals and determine electron density in the ionosphere.
The petitSat mission aims to study the link between plasma enhancements and Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) in Earth's ionosphere. The satellite will measure plasma densities and ion distributions using two instruments, providing valuable insights into the transmission of GPS and radar signals.
During solar storms, large bursts of electrons are sent into the ionosphere, but surprisingly, they also remove electrons from large areas. This phenomenon is triggered by the interaction between the Sun's magnetic field and the Earth's magnetic field, creating unstable areas in the ionosphere that can disrupt navigation systems.
Scientists have made significant advancements in understanding the ionosphere, a region of Earth's atmosphere that reacts to changes from both space above and Earth below. Research reveals that the ionosphere can experience 'overcooling', causing rapid energy loss and collapse, which can disrupt satellite orbits.
The C/NOFS satellite provided comprehensive observations of the ionosphere, improving models to predict satellite trajectories and orbital drag. The data revealed strong interactions between charged particles and neutral particles in the atmosphere, affecting radio wave navigation and communication systems.
Researchers have imaged tube-like structures in the Earth's magnetosphere, which are 500 to 700 kilometers above the surface. The structures were detected by mapping variations in radio source positions and exploiting the MWA's rapid snapshot capabilities.
The MAVEN mission has made groundbreaking discoveries about the loss of Mars' atmosphere to space over time. The spacecraft has detected a stream of solar-wind particles that penetrate deep into the planet's upper atmosphere and ionosphere, revealing a new process by which atmospheric loss occurs.
New observations from NASA's Venus Express mission show giant holes in Venus' ionosphere, suggesting a more complex magnetic environment. The findings provide additional clues to understanding Venus' atmosphere and its interactions with the solar wind.
Sprites form at plasma irregularities in the lower ionosphere, a phenomenon that can be useful for remote sensing of the region. The researchers used high-speed videos and fluid models to study sprite dynamics and determine the origin of the irregularities.
The Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager (SSULI) will provide accurate measurements of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere, useful for warfighter applications. The launch improves space weather forecasting, enabling better prediction of signals transmitted or reflected, influencing radar and communication systems.
Two sounding rockets will launch 15 seconds apart in support of the Daytime Dynamo experiment, studying a global electrical current called the dynamo. The mission aims to understand how winds and charged particles affect the currents.
Scientists are launching a sounding rocket to study the dynamo, a global electrical current sweeping through the ionosphere. The mission will provide insights into the movement of charged particles and neutral winds, crucial for understanding the dynamo's impact on radio signals and potential presence on other planets.
NASA successfully launched a Terrier-Improved Orion sounding rocket on June 20, carrying experiments built by university students and instructors. The next launch on June 24 will feature two rockets supporting the Daytime Dynamo experiment, which studies global electrical currents in the ionosphere.
The EVEX mission aims to better understand and predict electrical storms in Earth's upper atmosphere, which can interfere with satellite communication and global positioning signals. By launching two rockets through the equatorial ionosphere, scientists will gather data on electric fields and charged particles to develop a warning syst...
The University of California, Berkeley will design, build, and operate the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) satellite to study the impact of Earth's weather on space weather. The satellite aims to improve forecasts of extreme space weather events that can disrupt GPS signals and radio communications.
Researchers report a gigantic jet event over a thunderstorm in mainland China, with a tree-like shape and unique storm characteristics. The study uses multiple data sets to analyze the event and its associated storm.
A recent M-class flare from Sunspot 1515 caused a moderate radio blackout, affecting high- and low-frequency radio communication and GPS signals. The flare was classified as an M6.1, approximately half the size of weakest X-class flares.