Tiny, but effective
Gelatinous zooplankton contributes significantly to marine carbon cycle, binding large amounts of carbon transported into deep ocean. This contribution is quantified for the first time globally using over 90,000 observations.
Ocean Physics
Articles tagged with Ocean Physics
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Subsiding air parcels are among the causes of hot spells
Researchers at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) discover that subsiding air parcels from the Atlantic Ocean, rather than hot air from the Sahara, are responsible for extreme hot spells in central Europe. This finding has significant implications for developing early warning systems and improving forecasts.
New research offers solution to riddle of ocean carbon storage
Researchers have identified a new pathway for ocean carbon storage, known as particle injection pumps (PIPs), which move just as much carbon as the biological gravitational pump. The study, published in Nature, provides a breakthrough solution to understanding how carbon reaches the deep ocean and its impact on the global climate.
Leipzig researchers on Spanish Antarctic expedition
Researchers from Leipzig's TROPOS Institute are part of a Spanish Antarctic expedition investigating the influence of sugar compounds on cloud formation above the ocean. The team aims to understand feedback mechanisms that influence climate change, with implications for ecosystems in polar regions.
Deep biosphere beneath the seafloor explored at American Geophysical Union fall meeting
Researchers are working to understand subseafloor microbial communities and their potential impact on Earth's biosphere. They've discovered that microbes living in deep ocean sediments may represent as much as one-third of Earth's total biomass, with the habitable part of the ocean crust potentially being 10 times greater.
Water compresses under a high gradient electric field
Scientists at University of Illinois discovered that water molecules can be compressed by 3% under a high-gradient electric field, which may be useful for precise filtering of biomolecules. The compression occurs because the charges on water molecules align with the electric field, and the membrane's thinness focuses the force.
Montana State laser technology could help Yellowstone battle invasive trout
Montana State University's lidar technology can identify clusters of lake trout to a depth of 26 feet, allowing for more efficient removal. This tool could save time and money by detecting fish in shallow water, potentially reversing the decline of native cutthroat trout.
Unexpected behavior of atom clouds challenges existing theories
Researchers at TU Wien found that coupled atom clouds synchronize spontaneously and oscillate in perfect unison after just a few milliseconds. This effect cannot be explained by standard theories of Bose-Einstein-Condensates, which predict periods of synchronization alternating with de-synchronization.
UMBC physicists show interactions between smoke and clouds have unexpected cooling effect
A recent study by UMBC physicists found that the interaction between wildfire smoke and clouds results in a net cooling effect, contrary to previous understanding. The team discovered that the smoke increases cloud reflectivity, leading to an overall cooling effect.
James N. Moum selected as Fellow of The Oceanography Society
Dr. James N. Moum selected as a Fellow of The Oceanography Society for his outstanding contributions to widely used observational techniques and understanding of ocean mixing over a broad range of processes and scales. His work has elucidated the impact of turbulence on various spatial and temporal scales.
No strings attached for underwater video system
A flexible technology for streaming high-quality underwater video images has been developed by improving bandwidth to achieve better video quality. This innovation has the potential to open up new exploration and monitoring opportunities in oceans, which cover over two-thirds of our planet.
Global warming will leave different fingerprints on global subtropical anticyclones
Global warming is expected to impact subtropical anticyclones differently in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In the North, the subtropical anticyclone over the South Atlantic will weaken, while those over the North Pacific and South Pacific will strengthen.
The science behind making the perfect pitch
Researchers at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences used mathematical models to determine the best way to throw an object at a target. They found that underhand throws are best for close, high targets and overhand throws are more accurate for targets below the shoulder.
A cloud-screening scheme for the Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite (TanSat)
Researchers developed a cloud-screening scheme for the TANSAT satellite, utilizing radiance data from another satellite to improve performance. The new scheme shows improved results compared to existing methods and is more efficient for sensors with limited channels.
Magnifying time reveals fundamental rogue wave instabilities of nature
Scientists used a novel measurement technique to magnify time and study ultrafast intense pulses of light, confirming theoretical predictions. The technique has implications for understanding giant rogue waves on the ocean and extreme events in nature.
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev researcher uncovers 340 million year-old oceanic crust in the Mediterranean Sea using magnetic data
Scientists have identified the world's oldest oceanic crust, dating back to around 340 million years ago, in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The study used magnetic data from a 4,300-mile-long marine profile to analyze the nature of the underlying igneous crust.
Virtual rocks: A new spin on virtual geology
The use of virtual rocks can archive samples for destructive testing, aid peer-review, and provide access to geological materials for disabled students. Virtual explorers can also enhance learning and retention after field trips.
How much can a mode-2 wave move?
Mode-2 waves can carry beneficial and detrimental materials between ecosystems, trapping them inside layers of different densities. Researchers found that larger bulges result in more material carried by the wave, while small regions of turbulence can cause it to break down.
Field project will track Southern Ocean clouds from a remote island off Antarctica
A University of Washington project, MICRE, is studying the properties and impacts of Southern Ocean clouds on the surface. The project will help ground-truth satellite measurements and provide new data for improved global climate models.
The ocean below
The article discusses a scientific plan developed by UCSB researchers to quantify present conditions in the ocean's carbon cycle and predict its future states. The plan, known as EXPORTS, combines modeling, satellite data, and field sampling to understand how carbon is processed by the world's oceans.
Plankton network linked to ocean's biological carbon pump revealed
A study has uncovered a complex planktonic network influencing the ocean's biological carbon pump, which removes carbon from the atmosphere. The research found that certain bacterial and viral genes predict variations in carbon export, enabling better predictions of climate change effects.
Walking on water: USU researchers unravel science of skipping spheres
Researchers at Utah State University have unraveled the science of skipping spheres by studying the deformation of elastic spheres on water. They found that the sphere's deformed shape creates a larger lifting force, allowing it to skip multiple times across the surface.
NASA sees small Tropical Storm In-fa becoming extra-tropical
Tropical Storm In-fa was becoming an extra-tropical storm as it tracked toward the island of Iwo To, Japan. The storm battled wind shear and retained hurricane-force winds, moving east-northeast at 12 knots.
Satellite with UNH components sheds new light on solar system boundary
A team of scientists from the University of New Hampshire led the study, using IBEX to create high-fidelity maps of the solar system boundary. The research reveals a higher temperature than previously reported for the interstellar wind.
Scientists solve deep ocean carbon riddle
Research reveals that hydrothermal vent systems convert long-lived organic carbon into more readily available forms, balancing the continuous supply from surface oceans. This mechanism addresses the long-standing question of why deep ocean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels remain constant.
Identifying ever-growing disturbances leading to freak waves
Researchers have made significant progress in identifying growing localised patterns as early indicators of freak waves. By resolving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, they can extract pertinent information from localised disturbances' characteristics, shedding light on complex dynamics.
CU-Boulder instrument selected for NASA mission to Europa
A CU-Boulder instrument, SUDA, has been selected for a NASA mission to Jupiter's icy moon Europa to measure surface particles and study the moon's hidden ocean. The mission aims to understand the prerequisites of life in the solar system.
NASA sees Extra-Tropical Storm Dolphin moving toward Sea of Okhotsk
Extra-Tropical Storm Dolphin is moving northeast towards the Sea of Okhotsk, interacting with westerlies that pushed clouds and showers east of its center. The storm has weakened, but still retains hurricane-force winds and is expected to turn northwards, passing south of Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula.
The secret to an effortless, split-second slime attack
Researchers at Harvard University have discovered the secret to the velvet worm's rapid and perfectly aimed slime attack, which could inspire new microfluidic devices. The unique anatomy of the worm's papillae and elasticity of its slime allow for a wide-spraying jet that entraps prey with great speed.
Carbon release from ocean helped end the Ice Age
A study published in Nature shows that a release of carbon dioxide from the deep Southern Ocean helped bring an end to the last Ice Age. The finding provides insight into how oceanic carbon storage affects climate change.
Carbon release from ocean helped end the Ice Age
A recent study published in Nature found that carbon stored in an isolated reservoir deep in the Southern Ocean re-connected with the atmosphere, driving a rise in atmospheric CO2 and global temperatures. This process is crucial in understanding how the ocean affects the carbon cycle and climate change.
Rivers might constitute just 20 percent of continental water flowing into oceans
Researchers estimate that only one-fifth of terrestrial rainfall enters the ocean through overland channels, while a vast amount flows directly from the ocean. A subterranean estuary, which Moore has termed, plays a crucial role in exchanging water and nutrients between the ocean and land.
The origin of life: Labyrinths as crucibles of life
A team at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München shows that temperature gradients in pore systems promote cyclical replication and emergence of nucleic acids. The researchers demonstrate a setting where pore systems on the seafloor, heated by volcanic activity, can serve as reaction chambers for RNA synthesis.
Did the Anthropocene begin with the nuclear age?
Scientists propose the Anthropocene began with the nuclear age on July 16, 1945. Human-made changes, such as artificial radionuclides and increased carbon emissions, altered the Earth system, leading to a 'Great Acceleration'. The start date marks the historic turning point when humans accessed an enormous new energy source.
New map exposes previously unseen details of seafloor
A new map of the world's seafloor has been created using satellite data, revealing thousands of previously uncharted sea mountains and providing new clues about deep ocean structures. The map, which is twice as accurate as the previous version, also reveals details of continental connections across South America and Africa.
New map uncovers thousands of unseen seamounts on ocean floor
Scientists have created a new map of the world's seafloor, offering a more vivid picture of deep ocean structures. The map reveals thousands of previously uncharted seamounts, along with new clues about continental formation and earthquake patterns.
George W. Kattawar selected as 2014 Jerlov Award recipient
Dr. Kattawar's work on polarization and radiative transfer theory has advanced knowledge of the ocean's nature and consequences of light. He has received numerous teaching awards, mentored over 40 students, and served on academic advisory committees.
Lasers create table-top supernova
Researchers used high-powered lasers to create table-top supernovae, recreating the explosive events that occur when stars reignite or collapse. The experiments revealed irregular 'knotty' features and intense radio and X-ray emissions, confirming a theory about the interaction between magnetic fields and interstellar material.
International collaboration replicates amplification of cosmic magnetic fields
A team of researchers has successfully replicated the amplification of cosmic magnetic fields in a laboratory experiment, using supercomputer simulations and high-powered laser beams. The findings provide insight into the origins of magnetic fields in interstellar space.
Climate change: The role of oceanic carbon reservoir over glacial cycles
Researchers found long-term cycles in oceanic carbon isotope sequence, suggesting a connection between ice-sheet and carbon cycles. The study reveals that the Southern Ocean's nutrient transfer led to major changes in global ocean biogeochemistry.
The big unknown: Factoring marine sediments into climate calculations
The OCEAN CERTAIN project aims to improve understanding of the biological pump, a process that absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and stores it in marine sediments. The four-year, $12 million project will investigate the importance of this process in shaping future climate change.
NERC announces the winner of its first photo and essay competition
The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) has announced the winners of its inaugural short article and photography competition. Laura Hepburn's essay on underwater hydrothermal vents won the top prize, while Paul Hopwood's image of burying beetles processing an animal carcass took second place in the photography section. The comp...
Birth of Earth's continents
Scientists found that continent nuclei formed as a byproduct of mountain-building processes, stacking up slabs of cold oceanic crust to create thick 'keels' in the mantle. This process supported the overlying crust and enabled continents to form.
Dr. W. Steven Holbrook selected as 2013 recipient of the Walter Munk Award
Dr. Steve Holbrook receives Walter Munk Award for his pioneering work in Seismic Oceanography, providing novel insights into internal waves and ocean dynamics. He is honored for his research and service to foster interdisciplinary collaboration in the field.
New 'embryonic' subduction zone found
A new subduction zone has been detected off the coast of Portugal, marking the beginning of a cycle that will close the Atlantic Ocean. The Iberian subduction zone will pull Iberia towards the United States over approximately 220 million years.
Vaterite: Crystal within a crystal helps resolve an old puzzle
Researchers from Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and University of Wisconsin-Madison discover the crystalline secrets of vaterite with the help of a needlelike spicule from a sea squirt. They found that vaterite is composed of two different crystal structures coexisting within a pseudo-single crystal.
Massive amounts of charcoal enter the worlds' oceans
Researchers found that 10% of dissolved organic carbon in rivers comes from charcoal, highlighting the need for greater consideration of carbon sequestration techniques. The study's findings have implications for mitigating climate change by improving our understanding of the environmental fate of charcoal.
Statistical physics offers a new way to look at climate
Scientists use direct statistical simulation to model fluid jets, fast-moving flows in oceans and atmosphere. The new approach is a key step toward bringing basic physics models to bear on climate science, enabling more efficient climate simulations.
Wayne State part of international effort to understand chemical movement, processes in oceans
A Wayne State University researcher is part of an international effort to study the movement of chemical compounds through the world's oceans. The project aims to investigate how carbon is exported from the upper 100 meters of ocean water to deeper waters and how hydrothermal waters affect the removal of polonium and lead.
Oceanic crust breakthrough: Solving a magma mystery
Researchers have discovered that magma in oceanic crust is cycled through the Earth's surface before eruption, altering previous theories on the formation of oceanic crust. This breakthrough could help scientists better understand the conditions of mantle melting and production of the Earth's most-common rock.
UH professor to lead international drilling expedition
A University of Houston geologist is leading an international team on a two-month, $10 million expedition to drill into the Pacific Ocean's lower crust. The voyage aims to distinguish between competing theories on magma intrusion, shedding light on volcanic seafloor spreading and oceanic processes.
Climate change stories from the abyss
A team of researchers recovered sediment cores from the Pacific Ocean, revealing fluctuations in the carbonate compensation depth over millions of years. The findings suggest that climate development and carbon cycle interactions were more complex than previously thought.
Kendall L. Carder named recipient of the Jerlov Award
Kendall L. Carder has been recognized with the Jerlov Award for his groundbreaking research on in situ optical measurements, underwater imaging systems, and ocean color remote sensing. His contributions have significantly advanced our understanding of light in the ocean.
NSF funds University of Miami, Navy Postgraduate School research in ocean dynamics
A new collaborative study between the University of Miami and Navy Postgraduate School will investigate critical oceanic processes involved in Large-Scale Eddy-Driven Patterns (LEDPs). The project aims to improve understanding of LEDPs, which can impact climate projections and transport heat, salinity, momentum, and carbon.
Math goes to the movies
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics hosts a free public event to explore the mathematics underlying movie special effects. Dr. Robert Bridson will discuss the math and physics behind 3D special effects used in movies and computer animations.
To diagnose heart disease, visualization experts recommend a simpler approach
A new 2D visualization tool called HemoVis has been developed to diagnose heart disease more accurately than traditional 3D models. The tool uses a tree diagram of arteries with areas of disease highlighted and is shown to be more accurate and efficient for patient diagnosis.
Scientists discover that Hawai'i is not an evolutionary dead end for marine life
Researchers found that Hawai'i hosts three limpet species, 'opihi makai', 'alinalina' and 'ko'ele, which speciated within the archipelago along an ecological gradient. These findings reset the bar for marine speciation in Hawai'i.
Earth's oldest records of sea-floor spreading
New research reveals striking similarities between ancient and modern oceanic crust, shedding light on early Earth's heat loss and tectonic settings. The study extends the record of oceanic crust generation back to at least 3.8 billion years ago.
Peter Mumby to receive prestigious 2011 Rosenstiel Award from the University of Miami
Peter Mumby is recognized for his work on coral reef conservation strategies, influencing conservation policy and contributing to the implementation of marine park protections. His research has provided insight into the consequences of conserving herbivorous fishes, reducing nutrient runoff, and restoring urchin populations.
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation honors promising young scholars
The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation has selected 118 outstanding researchers as recipients of the prestigious Sloan Research Fellowships for 2011. These early-career scientists and scholars will receive $50,000 fellowships to support their original research in various fields.