Articles tagged with Oceans
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study reveals that acidification of oceans from human CO2 emissions can worsen coral bleaching and death. Key findings indicate that coralline algae may be lost in near future due to increased CO2 levels. On the positive side, some coral species show ability to cope with ocean acidification by enhancing photosynthesis.
The diatom genome provides insights into its ability to trap excess carbon in oceans, potentially reversing climate damage. The study suggests that diatoms can convert fat into sugar and store nitrogen, making them a key player in the ocean's carbon cycle.
The IBEX spacecraft will conduct high-altitude orbits to investigate and capture images of the interstellar boundary, a region where the solar system meets interstellar space. The two-year mission will provide insights into the dynamic interactions between the hot solar wind and cold expanse of space.
The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission will conduct extremely high-altitude orbits above Earth to investigate and capture images of processes taking place at the farthest reaches of the solar system. The spacecraft will provide scientists with a new understanding of the global interaction between our sun and the galaxy.
A new study by Peter K. Swart suggests that carbonate platform records are not reliable for tracking the global carbon cycle over the past 10 million years. This finding challenges widely-held ideas about CO2 levels during specific periods of Earth's geological history.
The National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) has funded two research projects at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School to study the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. The three-year projects will focus on understanding the circulation's impact on climate and weather patterns.
Penguin populations are declining rapidly due to climate change, oil pollution, and habitat destruction. Conservation biologist Dee Boersma calls for regular monitoring of penguin colonies to understand the impact of environmental changes on the world's oceans.
Researchers found that diatoms store phosphorus in polyphosphate and apatite forms, and transport it to the ocean floor. This discovery sheds new light on the ocean's phosphorus cycle.
Phytoplankton in major oceans produce half the world's oxygen through photosynthesis, while cyanobacteria are infected by viruses that provide genetic material for photosynthesis machinery. This symbiotic relationship highlights the essential role of viruses in planetary processes and global cooling.
A research team led by Walter Dodds found that microorganisms in small streams filter out nitrogen, reducing its entry into larger rivers and oceans. The study, published in Nature, suggests that preserving small streams' natural filtration process is crucial for maintaining water quality.
Researchers at MIT demonstrated that marine bacteria, specifically P. haloplanktis, use their rapid swimming abilities to locate and exploit tiny nutrient patches in the ocean. This behavior has global implications for the oceans' health during climate change and could impact the carbon cycle.
Two oxygenation events in ancient oceans between 635 and 551 million years ago led to the increase and spread of complex life, including animals. This finding supports the growing view that life and environment co-evolved during this tumultuous period of Earth history.
Noted UNH oceans expert Andrew A. Rosenberg will address the issue of how to protect and manage ocean resources at this year's American Association for the Advancement of Science annual meeting. He emphasizes the need to learn from past mistakes and adopt new approaches such as ecosystem-based management.
A comprehensive review of tsunami hazards concludes that the 2004 catastrophe was not the worst possible in many Indian Ocean borderlands. The study highlights areas of high risk, including Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, and Africa's east coast, which could be affected by tsunamis generated by earthquakes in South Sumatra and Java.
Researchers have discovered that paired microbes use a sulfur compound to eliminate methane from the oceans, preventing it from reaching the atmosphere. This process is crucial for regulating global methane and carbon cycles.
Scientists propose that plate tectonics may have halted or slowed down in the distant past and could do so again due to changes in ocean basin closure. This idea challenges current models and may explain differences in igneous rock formation and continental evolution.
Two teams of scientists found evidence of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere 2.5 billion years ago, 100 million years before the Great Oxidation Event, which marked the rise of animal life. This discovery suggests that the evolution of life on Earth was more complex and occurred earlier than previously believed.
Researchers have used NASA's SeaWiFS instrument to study ocean biological productivity and its connection to climate change, providing insights into the health of the oceans. The data has applications for setting pollution standards, sustaining coastal economies, and predicting future ocean health.
The US Department of Homeland Security's Marine Asset Tag Tracking System (MATTS) uses GPS and data logging to track large cargo ships worldwide. This system helps identify potential security risks, such as explosives or biologic threats, and provides real-time alerts to authorities.
The LA Times reporters were recognized for their outstanding journalistic achievement in raising public awareness about human-caused ocean microbiological changes. Their 5-part series, Altered Oceans, explained how overfishing and waste dumping are creating a biological imbalance in the world's oceans.
A new plan aims to consolidate Arctic research into a global observation network to better understand its changing climate and environment. The network would link together land, ocean, atmosphere, and human dimensions, providing a comprehensive view of the Arctic system.
Researchers isolated bacteria from Stiffkey saltmarsh to identify dimethyl sulphide (DMS) production, a key gas in ocean formation and climate change. DMS also serves as a food marker for certain birds, aiding their navigation.
Researchers have identified a new group of algae, Picobiliphytes, found in the smallest members of photosynthetic plankton. The discovery was made using molecular techniques and has revealed a wide distribution of these previously unknown organisms.
A significant increase in oxygen levels in the world's oceans 580 million years ago likely triggered the sudden emergence of large animal fossils, according to Queen's University researchers. This discovery confirms the importance of oxygen as a catalyst for the early evolution of animals.
A global strategy for investigating Earth's geodynamics has been developed through international collaboration, aiming to advance understanding of continental rifting and break-up. The proposal includes sampling young, active rifting zones and ancient continental margins to investigate magma-forming processes associated with rifting.
Scientists used NASA satellite data to identify regions with the most intense thunderstorms, finding that eastern Andes Mountains in Argentina and semi-arid regions like Sahara Desert have powerful storms. The study also found that rainy areas like western Amazonia and Southeast Asia experience frequent but relatively few severe storms.
A new study by University of Southern California researchers reveals that most bacteria species are predictable and follow specific conditions. By understanding these patterns, scientists can improve models for ocean change, providing a more accurate prediction of how the oceans will evolve.
Researchers have found that continents are significantly weaker than previously suspected, with a narrow weak zone taking up most of the deformation. This discovery explains the origin of flat-lying zones of weakness known as detachment faults, which were not previously understood.
A Case Report warns travelers of exposure to the rare chikungunya virus in Indian Ocean Islands, which causes fever, joint pain, and rash. The authors advise preventive measures against mosquito bites and recommend avoiding travel for vulnerable groups like pregnant women and older adults.
The conference aims to define the scientific parameters of surge capacity, a critical measure of disaster preparedness. Experts will explore the linkages between disaster surge and daily surge, developing a better understanding of this complex issue.
Dr. Worcester is recognized for his pioneering work on acoustical oceanography and tomographic inverse methods, as well as his tireless efforts to develop responsible permitting structures for scientific sound use. He is the eighth recipient of the Munk Award, a testament to his groundbreaking research and leadership in the field.
Mathematicians play a key role in defining the possibilities and limitations for tsunami early warning systems. Mathematical modeling has shown that tsunamis behave like classical wave packets, with long wavelengths and trough-to-crest distances exceeding 200 km. This understanding can help improve warnings and save lives.
Researchers at Oregon State University have cultured SAR11 bacteria in a lab to study its unique 'proteorhodopsin' gene. The findings suggest that this gene may serve as an auxiliary energy system for the cells when faced with starvation, benefiting ocean life.
A two-week survey of over 600 kilometers of Aceh's southwest coast will examine the damage to coral reefs caused by the December 2004 earthquake and tsunami. The survey aims to understand the extent of the damage and provide insight into the natural recovery process.
A USC oceanographer's long-term study confirms that the marine food chain depends largely on atmospheric nitrogen, which nourishes teeming life near the surface. The finding also demonstrates the oceans' substantial role in absorbing greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.
A new study suggests that continued high levels of fossil fuel emissions will outstrip the land and oceans' ability to absorb carbon, leading to accelerated climate warming. The 'breathing biosphere' can only absorb carbon at a certain rate, and increased temperatures and droughts lower plant uptake of CO2.
Scientists developed a new method to image the earth's rupture during the Dec. 26 Indian Ocean earthquake, providing a fresh perspective on the massive event. The technique uses first-arriving seismic waves to create detailed images in under 30 minutes, which could be used for public-warning and tsunami-alert systems.
Researchers used various models to recreate the rupture history and variation along the fault, revealing the earthquake's length, epicenter, and speed. The study provided valuable insights into one of the largest earthquakes recorded on modern equipment.
Scientists have identified over 20,000 uniquely 'fetch-limited barrier islands' along coastlines worldwide. These islands differ from classic ocean-fronting barriers in their wind- and wave-shielded settings and tend to be smaller with average lengths ranging from 1 kilometer.
A new study by Scripps Institution uses computer models and real-world data to capture signals of human-produced warming in the oceans. The results show that the warming is likely caused by human activities, with a high degree of confidence exceeding 95%. This finding has significant implications for regional water supplies, including ...
Researchers developed a new method to measure phytoplankton growth rates and biomass using satellite data, providing insights into the Earth's oceans. This discovery has significant implications for understanding marine ecosystems, fisheries, and climate change.
Scientists studied intercontinental smog ozone processes associated with the brown cloud over South Asia using a new NASA technique combining satellite and balloon data. The study found that both brown cloud pollution and natural processes contribute to unhealthy levels of ozone in the troposphere.
Ocean drilling research advances understanding of rapid climate change, including the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. The study also explores climate triggers and effects on various scales, from tectonic uplift to human history. Additionally, new findings challenge traditional theories on volcanic regions.
Phytoplankton distribution varies between hemispheres, with greater impact on climate in southern hemisphere due to higher DMS flux and species producing more DMS. The effect of plankton on Earth's temperature is small compared to other compounds like carbon dioxide and CFCs.
A new study suggests that ocean extinction can predict key ecological changes by analyzing the impact of species loss on sediment mixing and oxygen levels in marine ecosystems. The research found that the extinction of certain species can lead to reduced sediment mixing, diminishing oxygen concentrations that sustain bottom-dwelling life.
Marine scientists aim to fill information gaps on coral reef ecosystems to strengthen global management and policy interventions. The assessment focuses on identifying sources of new marine pathogens, reducing inputs, and developing control measures.
The ocean absorbs a significant portion of carbon dioxide emitted by human activities, but research suggests that this process may be reaching its limits. By the middle of the century, increased CO2 levels in the ocean could lead to dramatic changes in pH and acidity, affecting marine life and ecosystems.
Researchers analyzed fossil records and found dinoflagellates in ancient sea, indicating a sudden cooling event. The team's discovery confirms climate models and suggests prolonged feedback effects kept ocean depths cold for centuries.
Four new research centers will bring together experts in biomedical and oceanographic sciences to study the effects of harmful algal blooms, marine pathogens, and the oceans' potential for drug discovery. The centers will accelerate scientific discovery and develop new sensors for early warning systems.
The four new research centers will study the effects of harmful algal blooms, marine pathogens, and ocean potential for drug discovery. The combined expertise of experts in biomedical and oceanographic sciences will accelerate scientific discovery.
Dr. Ballard and his team will map the ship and conduct scientific analyses of its deterioration, assessing the impact of manmade factors on natural decay. They'll also study microbial research and examine the effects of tiny microbes on the ship's hull.
The Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape initiative protects 211 million hectares of marine habitat, including nesting grounds for the critically endangered leatherback turtle. The project addresses mounting evidence that the ocean is under duress, with 90% of large predatory fish populations and 75% of commercial fish populations at risk.
Researchers conclude that large pools of carbon on land may shrink in the coming century, affecting carbon removal. Planting trees remains an effective way to sequester carbon, but growth rates are unlikely to be supercharged.
The SeaWinds scatterometer on NASA's QuikSCAT satellite provides ocean surface wind speed and direction measurements, leading to improved storm predictions at sea. This increased accuracy brings economic savings and reduces weather-related loss of life, especially in global shipping.
A minority view in geology suggests all oceans were closed and the Earth's radius was smaller pre-Jurassic. The study, published in Journal of Biogeography Volume 30 Issue 10, supports this idea.
A new record of nitrous oxide concentration variations reveals that both land and ocean bacteria contributed equally to atmospheric emissions during glacial periods. This finding contradicts the long-held theory of oceanic storage being responsible for low atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
Researchers from Scripps Institution of Oceanography have sequenced the genomes of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, tiny organisms that account for up to two-thirds of carbon dioxide fixation in the oceans. The discoveries shed light on how these organisms process carbon and adapt to specific habitats, offering insights into global c...
Researchers have discovered that cholestyramine can reduce the toxic effects of brevetoxin, a neurotoxin produced by harmful algal blooms. This finding has implications for the treatment of ciguatera fish poisoning, a chronic disease affecting millions worldwide.
Scientists have successfully measured wind's interaction with the ocean, revealing a pattern consistent with a 1957 theory. The findings could improve climate modeling and prediction of weather and wave activity.
Charismatic Antarctic creatures are under threat from illegal fishing, with seabirds, fur seals, and penguins facing increased competition for food or being killed by fishing gear. Scientific research has led to a dramatic reduction in the number of Antarctic seabirds killed from longline fisheries over the last five years.