Articles tagged with Paleoclimatology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent study evaluates proxy-based reconstructions and model simulations for past temperature changes, finding that uncertainties increase over time. The results show that climate modeling results are less reliable than proxy-based reconstructions, especially during Medieval times.
Jan Esper will track tree growth at 100 sites in the Northern Hemisphere to develop a new model for reliable climate data. This project aims to overcome the divergence problem, which undermines the reliability of temperature reconstructions based on tree rings.
According to new research, Gulf coast mollusks were able to survive past periods of climate change, including the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which warmed the planet by 9-14 degrees Fahrenheit. The study suggests that these resilient communities may adapt again to today's climate change.
A new study reveals that climate conditions, not human activity, dominated the shaping of early forests in New England for thousands of years. The research team combined archaeological records with studies on vegetation, climate, and fire history to reconstruct historical changes to the land.
Researchers found that temperatures exceeding present levels longer than during past interglacials suggest the Greenland Ice Sheet's fate is influenced by duration of warming. The study suggests a possible threshold for significant GIS retreat may be less than 1 °C above current levels.
The last known tropical glaciers in the West Pacific Warm Pool are at risk of disappearing within a decade. The study found that the Puncak Jaya glaciers in Indonesia lost around 1.05 meters of ice per year between 2010 and 2015, with thinning rates increasing five-fold during strong El Niño events.
A speleothem δ18O record from Klang Cave in southern Thailand shows decreased rainfall in the northern-central Indo-Pacific (NCIP) region. The study also found that anthropogenic forcing of rainfall may be indistinguishable from natural variability during certain climate periods.
Eastern Canada's climate was characterized by a warm temperate and fully humid climate, with mean annual temperatures around 15°C. This new information is useful for studying the evolution of the region's climate and its relevance to today's changing climate.
Scientists discovered ancient crocodile species' climate sensitivity, suggesting they served as 'climate clocks.' Fossil analysis mapped their distribution to reconstruct global temperatures during the Eocene-Oligocene epochs. The study provides new insights into how these ancient reptiles adapted to changing climates.
A study from U of T Mississauga uses new techniques to reconstruct summer temperatures over the last 13,600 years, confirming current global warming trends. The research reveals that recent climate warming in the central Yukon region has surpassed the warmest temperatures experienced in the previous 13,600 years.
A recent study examines California's climate over a centuries-long time period, linking long-term wind patterns to future wildfire risks. The research provides a stronger foundation for evaluating regional natural hazards in the state.
Geoscientists at UMass Amherst have reconstructed the longest and highest-resolution climate record for the Northeastern United States, revealing previously undetected past temperature cycles. The study used branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetra ethers (branched GDGTs) to provide an independent terrestrial paleo-thermometer.
Researchers from the University of Barcelona used chironomid subfossils to reconstruct Holocene temperatures in the Iberian Peninsula, showing a rise in temperatures during the Holocene Climate Optimum and a decline after its onset. The study provides a promising tool for understanding climate evolution and natural changes.
Researchers at University of Basel developed new approach to analyze microbial molecular fossils in lake sediments, providing reliable temperature estimates. The study's findings can be applied globally, offering improved predictions for future climate conditions.
Researchers reconstructed a drastic climate change event in southern France using tree-ring width measurements and chemical analyses. They found that the region experienced increased air mass transport from the North Atlantic and regional variability in precipitation, leading to extreme weather conditions.
Researchers analyzed gomphotheres' tooth fossils for dietary patterns, finding evidence of tree browsing and herb grazing. The study suggests that the mammals' diets were flexible according to resource availability and latitudinal climate gradients.
Researchers found that the northern Galápagos Islands have been warming by almost 0.4 degrees F per decade, with temperatures increasing overall by about 1.1 degrees F since the 1970s. This finding is significant because it suggests that the region's reefs are more vulnerable to climate change than previously thought.
A study reconstructing climatic patterns in China from AD 1-1911 found long periods of cold and dry conditions associated with epidemic outbreaks. However, the relationship between temperature and epidemics varied across short time scales, highlighting climate's scale-dependent impacts on disease prevalence.
A GW researcher argues that the human genus may have originated by chance, rather than in response to environmental changes. Computer simulations suggest that clusters of species originations could be caused by random fluctuations, rather than a single broad-scale event.
The RegCM4 model simulates China's climate well, reproducing present-day climatology and interannual variabilities. However, it exhibits biases in winter temperatures and precipitation, with underestimation of heavy rainfall events and overestimation of consecutive dry days.
Researchers have developed a new method to analyze the carbon content of ancient coccolithophore shells, providing insights into past CO2 levels and climate sensitivity. The study uses mathematical modeling and laboratory experiments to understand the biology of ancient creatures and their impact on the environment.
A new study in Paleoceanography reveals that the last time Earth was as warm as it is today, a melting Greenland Ice Sheet circulated cold freshwater in the Atlantic Ocean as far south as Bermuda. This circulation elevated sea levels and altered ocean climate and ecosystems.
A Vanderbilt University team is using mineral deposits in caves to shed new light on prehistoric megadroughts in the western US. The researchers hope to identify atmospheric drivers that caused extended droughts, informing projections of future drought severity.
Researchers at UTA examine global warming events during the Early Paleogene period, which occurred 66-45 million years ago. They aim to understand the effects of greenhouse gas emissions on life on Earth and provide analogs for current climate change.
Researchers are reconstructing past temperature and hydrology records in southern Greenland using high-resolution quantitative methods. This project sheds light on climate variations during the period of Norse settlement, which had been abandoned by the early 15th century due to various factors.
Marina Suarez aims to understand how the Earth functions with high levels of carbon dioxide and how it recovers from extreme conditions. Her research in paleoclimatology will inform current studies on climate change, a pressing global concern.
A new study finds that carbon emissions will have long-lasting impacts on the planet, with some effects lasting over 100,000 years. The researchers warn that reducing emissions slightly or significantly is not sufficient to prevent catastrophic consequences.
The analysis highlights the importance of considering long-term impacts of climate change, which can last tens of thousands of years. Reducing emissions slightly or significantly is not sufficient, with the target being zero or negative carbon emissions as soon as possible.
Recent studies show a connection between the Earth's tilt and the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the world's heaviest rainbelt. This new information enables climate scientists to better predict extreme weather events and has implications for global climate and sustainable human socioeconomic development.
Junior Professor Denis Scholz will continue speleothem research, extending it to longer-term objectives. Speleothems are suitable archives of past climate variability due to their global distribution and precise dating capabilities.
A new study found that California's 6th-grade science textbooks give climate change a mixed message, presenting it as a controversial debate and downplaying the role of humans. The textbooks do not accurately reflect the scientific consensus on human-caused global warming.
Researchers at University of Zurich predict up to 30% less precipitation in the Central Andes by 2100, exacerbating seasonal water shortages. The study suggests stronger westerly winds will lead to greater aridity, impacting the region's climate.
Researchers are refining their understanding of ice sheet response to warming, which will inform projections of sea-level change. A new era of climate modeling has begun, with improved estimates of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet loss for given temperature increases during past warm periods.
Researchers found that lower oxygen levels led to increased precipitation and warmer temperatures due to the resulting drop in atmospheric density. The study's findings suggest that changes in oxygen concentrations may help explain features of past climates not accounted for by variations in carbon dioxide levels.
A recent paper by University of South Carolina paleoceanographer Kelly Gibson shows that rapid climate change affected marine ecosystems in the Cariaco Basin, a body of water off Venezuela's coast. The study used nitrogen isotope ratios to estimate changes in primary productivity and carbon sequestration in the ocean.
Researchers found evidence of regional drought between 500 and 1150 AD in Mexico, contributing to the abandonment of Cantona, a large fortified city with a population of 90,000 inhabitants. The study suggests that climate change played a role in the site's history, highlighting the interplay of environmental and political factors.
The four-part iBooks Textbook series explores climate change, its impacts on ecosystems, and strategies for adaptation. The books align with Next Generation Science Standards and Climate Literacy, offering a real-life experience for students to engage in discussion.
A new study has found that the climate of a large swath of the western United States during the Jurassic period was more complex than previously thought. Geochemical analysis of ancient soils revealed an abrupt change from dry to wet environments, contradicting the long-held assumption of a gradual transition.
A new paper by James Hansen and colleagues assesses the impacts of global warming, concluding that drastic emission reductions are needed to stabilize the climate. A call for papers on responses to climate change has been issued, with a focus on alternative energy development, environmental preservation, and ecosystem restoration.
ASU researchers are part of a $28 million NSF-FESD grant program to study the Great Oxidation Event and ancient climate change. They aim to understand the role of Earth system dynamics in human evolution, using a combination of models, geochemical proxies, and laboratory experiments.
Researchers found that year-round ice-free conditions in the Arctic could explain amplified warming during the Pliocene Epoch, with warmer temperatures and reduced seasonal cycles. The study used climate models to simulate the effects of ice-free winters and summers, revealing a possible mechanism for Pliocene warming.
Researchers John Isbell and Erik Gulbranson study ancient climate shifts to understand modern-day drastic climate change. They find evidence of 22 individual ice sheets in Gondwana, suggesting dramatic temperature swings and atmospheric CO2 levels fluctuations.
A new study confirms that 150 million-year-old Jurassic ecosystems were characterized by lush plant life and animal richness, similar to modern ecosystems. By analyzing fossil soils from various regions, researchers found high levels of CO2 from vegetation, indicating a wetter environment with abundant plant growth.
Research suggests that cooler climates led to increased biodiversity in marine fauna, while warmer temperatures caused species to become extinct. The study's findings indicate that climate fluctuations played a significant role in the emergence and extinction of species.
Researchers studied Dead Sea sediment cores to reconstruct climate conditions over the past 10,000 years, finding rapid changes between moist and dry phases. They linked pollen data to plant species that can tolerate specific temperature and precipitation levels.
Researchers from Germany, Finland, and beyond create a high-resolution temperature reconstruction of the Roman and Medieval Warm periods, revealing a previously unseen long-term cooling trend. The study, published in Nature Climate Change, suggests that this cooling trend may have been underestimated by previous climate reconstructions.
A new study reconstructed Australasian temperatures over the last millennium using natural climate records, revealing no warmer periods since 1950. The results support human-caused climate change as the primary driver of recent warming in the region.
A study published in Weather journal has reconstructed past climate events in Iraq and Syria using ancient Arabic records. The research team found a high number of cold waves, droughts, and floods between 816-1009, with temperatures dropping as low as 18°C in July 920.
Researchers have analyzed ancient manuscripts from 9th-10th century Iraq to reconstruct the climate of the past. The study reveals abnormal weather patterns, including droughts and floods, as well as rare cold events such as hailstorms and snowfall in Baghdad.
Jack Williams' research uses paleoecological data to understand species responses to past climate change, revealing the importance of combining modern and historical data for accurate predictions. This approach aims to improve forecasting ability and inform conservation priorities.
Research suggests the Earth's paleoclimate history indicates a more sensitive climate than thought, with temperatures far exceeding the Eemian period if global warming is not abated. A 2°C warming target could lead to drastic changes, including multiple meters of sea level rise and significant ice sheet loss in Greenland and Antarctica.
Researchers at Brown University found a significant link between climate change and the Norse settlements' disappearance in Greenland. The Little Ice Age, which began in the 1400s, is believed to have played a major role in their demise.
A new method using leaf size and shape traits reconstructs past climates over 120 million years with improved accuracy. The study, funded by NSF, offers strong improvements in precision over existing models.
New research suggests that ancient trash mounds, or middens, left behind by prehistoric humans may be responsible for the formation of tree islands in the Florida Everglades. These elevated areas allowed trees to grow and provided a habitat for wildlife. Human disturbance is now threatening the existence of these unique ecosystems.
A new tree-ring chronology reconstructs the climate of pre-colonial Mexico on an annual basis for over a millennium, pinning down four ancient megadroughts to their exact years. The record provides insights into the rise and fall of pre-Hispanic civilizations, particularly the Aztecs and Mayans.
Researchers from eight nations are analyzing sedimentary deposits from a 460-meter deep borehole to reconstruct the climate history of the region. The drilling project aims to provide information on past environmental changes in the Bethlehem area, including those related to early human migration.
Eric J. Essene, George E. Gehrels, and Dana L. Royer received the Penrose, Day, and Donath Medals for their groundbreaking research in metamorphic petrology, U-Th-Pb geochronology, and paleoclimatology.
Geochemical analysis of rare ancient soils provides new data on Central Africa's paleoclimate during the Late Jurassic period. The findings indicate an extremely arid climate with minimal rainfall and few vegetation species, contrasting with the lush tropical rainforest it is today.
A new study reconstructs Arctic summer temperatures over 1,600 years, showing that recent warming is more anomalous than previously documented. The study agrees with climate models and indicates that the Arctic's sensitivity to climate change will continue into the next century.
Researchers reconstruct past hurricane activity in the Atlantic Ocean, indicating a high period of hurricane activity during the Medieval Climate Anomaly around AD 900-1100. The current low hurricane activity may be related to an emerging El Niño event, which can lead to more wind shear and fewer hurricanes.