Articles tagged with Sediment
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study suggests that droughts like the 1930s Dust Bowl may not be unique to modern times, but were common in prehistoric periods. The research found that ancient droughts persisted for several decades and caused widespread effects on ecosystems, including prairie fires and erosion.
Geologist John Hooke estimates that humans move approximately 45 gigatons of soil and rock annually, surpassing the movement of rivers, glaciers, and oceans. This significant displacement has environmental implications, including acid mine drainage and river sedimentation, highlighting the need for sustainable practices.
A Cardiff University-led expedition has traveled aboard the RV Marion Dufresene to collect deep ocean sediment cores and reconstruct past climate changes in the North East Atlantic. The project aims to understand the role of ocean circulation in abrupt climate shifts during the last Ice Age, with a focus on the European Margin.
Scientists have found evidence of rapid climate change in the North Atlantic, but contradicting measurements exist for the Southern Hemisphere. The new study provides detailed information on ocean surface temperature off Chile, consistent with Antarctic ice core data.
A team of scientists led by a URI oceanographer will extract long sediment cores from Lake Bosumtwi to study West African monsoon dynamics and tropical climate linkages. The research aims to improve understanding of Earth's climate system.
Researchers discovered a consistent link between marine productivity off western North America and millennial-scale climate change in the North Atlantic. The study found that changes in subsurface nutrients concentrations were driven by wind patterns at low latitude, overturning previous theories on bottom-water oxygen levels.
Researchers found evidence of ancient seismic stresses still at work in Washington state's Puget Sound region, including surface folds and deformation of the Seattle uplift. The study provides greater understanding of the region's tectonic stresses and geological processes.
A recent study published in Science has found that tropical vegetation changes lagged local tropical climate shifts by 25 to 50 years. This contradicts previous research suggesting a high-latitude trigger for abrupt climate shifts. The researchers used sediment cores from the Cariaco Basin in Venezuela to make their findings.
Researchers analyzed sediment cores to reconstruct climate over the last 5 million years, finding a gradual transition from warmer Pliocene to cooler Pleistocene climates. The climate system became more sensitive to small perturbations, leading to dramatic swings in climate patterns.
A study found that 28% of Central Valley sediment samples are toxic to amphipods and midge larvae due to pyrethroids. The pesticides were present in 68% of these sediments, posing a risk to freshwater organisms.
Researchers at U-M and Amherst College used chemical signatures of water to identify areas with microbial gas deposits, a relatively inexpensive analytical tool compared to other methods. This method has potential not just in Michigan but also globally for finding natural gas resources.
Researchers have found that Earth's magnetic field reversal events occur within certain time-frames, regardless of the polarity of the reversal. The overall average duration is 7,000 years, but variation depends on latitude, with changes taking half as long at low-latitude sites.
Scientists have found that magnetic field reversal events occur within certain time-frames, regardless of polarity, with an average duration of 7,000 years. The variation in duration is influenced by latitude, taking half as long at low-latitude sites compared to mid- and high-latitude sites.
Researchers from Hamilton College are conducting a three-year project in Antarctica to test the hypothesis that the Larsen B Ice Shelf system has been stable since its formation 10,000 years ago. They will analyze sediment cores and deploy sediment traps to measure debris input from surging glaciers.
The Hudson River Estuary has largely stopped filling in with new sediment, except for specific locations, according to researchers. The estuary's sedimentation rate is approximately 1mm per year, matching the rate of sea level rise.
New evidence from south China suggests a massive methane release occurred about 600 million years ago, thawing the Earth's climate. Methane hydrates are believed to be the source of this release, which would have had a profound impact on global climate if it were to happen again.
A study published in Nature reveals that a certain clam species can elongate its foot up to 30 times the length of its shell to access necessary chemicals. The clams, which live in symbiotic relationships with marine bacteria, use their extended feet to burrow extensive mines into sediment.
A recent study published in Nature announces a major advance in the study of Amazon Basin's hydrology and geochemistry dynamics. The research partnership has yielded precise measurements of water, sediment, and geochemical inputs contributed by the Amazon's main tributaries.
A study of ancient vole fossils has provided a unique view on the evolution and adaptation of species to climate change. The findings suggest that small mammals can adapt to routine climate change, but significant evolutionary changes are only triggered by extraordinary events.
A newly discovered bacterium, Polaromonas naphthalenivorans strain CJ2, has been found to break down naphthalene and other toxins in coal tar contamination. The discovery was made using a new technique called stable isotopic probing (SIP), which allowed researchers to identify the microbe's DNA signature.
A new study provides reliable estimates of tropical sea surface temperature changes during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, fitting existing climate models. The findings support greenhouse climate theory and back global warming predictions, with significant implications for understanding current climate trends.
Researchers observed walruses using four different foraging techniques: beating their right flipper, left flipper, water-jet from their mouth, and rooting through sediment with their muzzle. They found that 66% of the time they used their right flipper, and this preference was consistent in skeletons analyzed.
A recent study by Florida Tech researchers found minimal environmental impact from offshore oil drilling in the Arctic. The team discovered that freshwater runoff into the ocean is trapped by a layer of ice, preventing it from mixing with saltwater.
Researchers use a lightweight device to extract core samples from sediment deposits in Bolivia, revealing that sediment transport is only possible during La Niña events. The findings suggest that the Andes Mountains play a crucial role in shaping the Amazon River's sediment load.
Research reveals early Andean cultures were advanced technologically, polluting the atmosphere with heavy metals and facing climate change challenges. The study suggests that several thousand tons of silver were produced in pre-Incan times, but most likely recycled or exported.
Researchers found cycles lasting 200, 435, 590 and 950 years that reflect changes in solar intensity and sea ice extent. The patterns match cyclic changes in solar irradiance and North Atlantic sea ice, suggesting a link between solar variations and climate.
A new study using sediment cores from the Cariaco Basin reveals three large, rapid shifts of 5-7 degrees Fahrenheit in tropical temperatures on time scales of a century or less. These changes were synchronous with warming and climate changes recorded in Greenland ice cores.
Researchers developed a model to calculate movements of both sand and mud in tidal areas, revealing locations with little sedimentation due to quick water flow. The model can predict the effect of human intervention in tidal waters, addressing questions about released polluted mud layers and ecosystem changes.
New technique uses electron beams and ultraviolet light to remove chlorine ions from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), reducing toxicity and enhancing biodegradation prospects. The method shows promise for decontaminating sediments contaminated with PCBs, a potential risk factor for cancer.
Researchers have applied the First Order Reversal Curve (FORC) method to study million-year-old rocks, thousand-year-old lake sediments, modern hard drives and novel nanomaterials. This technique provides insights into magnetic interactions between grains and could lead to improved storage devices.
Researchers at Purdue University have determined the age of a fossilized skeleton found in South Africa to be approximately 4 million years old. This finding could mean that hominids such as Australopithecus were present in southern Africa earlier than previously thought.
Researchers found signs of marked environmental changes in Arctic lakes over the past two centuries, consistent with warmer conditions. The study uses fossil markers to track ecosystem changes and predicts these effects will be seen farther south.
Tube worm aggregations, created by Lamellibrachia luymesi, provide habitat for deep-sea animals with lower sulfide tolerances. These ecosystems persist for centuries, taking up high quantities of sulfide from seep sediments.
Scientists have discovered new life in the deep ocean floor, specifically microbial methane makers that thrive on frozen methane hydrate. The team's research aims to develop realistic models of hydrate distribution and rate of formation in seafloor sediments.
A Purdue research report suggests that ancient lake sediments and computer simulations indicate El Niño might react differently to global warming than current theory claims. The tropical Pacific Ocean maintains its ability to remove heat periodically, even when the climate warms.
Scientists used NASA's Terra satellite to study the effects of a 7.7 magnitude earthquake in India, detecting dewatering and surface water far from the epicenter. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument provided compelling evidence of surface water in remote locations inaccessible to teams on the ground.
Researchers found that man-made wetlands in California's San Joaquin Valley can remove up to 69.2% of selenium from agricultural drainage water, converting it into non-toxic dimethyl selenide. The unique ecosystem of the wetlands acts as a bio-geo-chemical filter, trapping selenium in sediment and utilizing plant roots to metabolize it.
The Sirente crater field is the world's first known impact crater in Italy, dated between the 4th and 5th century A.D. The crater features fine-grained lacustrine sediments and a well-preserved structure due to its young age.
A study by Syracuse University researchers found that the frequency of El Niño events peaked around 1,200 years ago and may increase in the early part of the 22nd century. The 2,000-year cycle could have a significant impact on global climate conditions.
David Bottjer discovered that messier sediments held more advanced animal remains, suggesting churned conditions led to environmental pressure and evolutionary changes. This finding supports the idea that 'sod busters' accelerated the Cambrian explosion of new life forms by forcing earlier animals to adapt to harsh environments.
A team of scientists has analyzed sediment cores from 21 lakes in Vermont and New York to establish regional storm patterns. The findings indicate that intense rainstorms causing massive flooding are expected to increase frequency and severity over the coming years, with human activity contributing to this trend.
A UC Riverside study sheds light on the emergence of bilaterian animals, suggesting they did not appear until 555 million years ago. The research analyzed trace fossils from the Proterozoic-Cambrian transition, providing evidence for the gradual increase in diversity and complexity of these ancient structures.
A team of researchers, led by UMass geologist Julie Brigham-Grette, is conducting a comprehensive scientific deployment to study the Bering and Chukchi Seas. The mission aims to understand how quickly the land bridge formed or was flooded with changes in global sea level, cutting off migration routes for people and plants.
Research suggests the Asian southwest monsoon is strengthening due to Northern Hemisphere warming, with potential implications for agriculture and population displacement. The study analyzed sediment cores from the Arabian Sea, finding increased wind speeds and a link to decreased Eurasian snow cover.
Researchers measured unusually high biochemical activity on the canyon floor, with organic material enriching the deep-sea area. The sediment accumulates rapidly, leading to unstable floors and submarine mud avalanches every several decades to centuries.
Researchers have developed a new technique to track the health of marshes in Chesapeake and Delaware Bays, revealing widespread degradation due to sea level rise. The study suggests that up to 70% of marshland has been affected, with implications for coastal ecosystems and the North American carbon budget.
Researchers studied sandstone formation in Pennsylvanian time period to understand climate, environment, and grain influences on diagenesis. They found quartz cement played a significant role in storing silica-rich fluids, potentially leading to discoveries of oil, gas, or water.
Recent URI study reveals two oceanic provinces of deeply buried microbial activity, with high activity found along continental margins where methane and sulfate intersect. Microbial respiration rates differ vastly between open-ocean and continental margin environments.
The study found a clear relationship between organic carbon and smectite clay minerals, suggesting that dissolved organic molecules are drawn into the crystal lattice where they are protected from oxidation. This process, known as adsorption, plays a crucial role in maintaining habitable conditions in the biosphere.
Researchers at UMass Amherst found that certain microorganisms can transform organic matter commonly found in marine environments into electrical energy. This breakthrough has implications for developing technologies to decontaminate polluted water and sediment, as well as powering subsurface devices.
A University of Houston researcher developed a biodegradation test to ensure synthetic-based drilling fluids are environmentally safe. The EPA guideline reduces pollution by seven million pounds annually, saving operating costs without economic impacts.
Researchers have discovered a microbe that can break down polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a toxic substance released into the environment for over 70 years. The breakthrough could lead to the development of bioremediation technologies to tackle the pollutants.
New geologic evidence from Antarctic mud deposits suggests that the continent experienced periods of extreme warming and cooling long before the invention of cars. These findings indicate a more complex climate history than previously thought, with cycles of warming and cooling caused by variations in solar activity.
Researchers used a new method to study sediment sediments, revealing a short-lived change in the earth's magnetic field. They found that bacteria formed magnetic material in an organically rich layer in the eastern Mediterranean.
Arjun Heimsath, a Dartmouth College researcher, measures dynamic land movement by calculating erosion rates in different parts of the world. Using cosmic isotopes extracted from rock and sediment samples, he determines how long material has been there and how fast it's eroding or breaking down.
Scientists discover the lower Hudson River estuary is slowly cleaning itself due to tidal forces, storms, rain, and spring runoff stirring up polluted sediment. The process transforms contaminants into less toxic forms, allowing them to be released out to sea.
Researchers found that small island rivers in Taiwan and New Zealand produce high amounts of sediment, potentially impacting global climate change. The amount of sediment varies greatly between rivers, with the Cropp River in New Zealand producing 32,000 tons per square kilometer.
Geologists have identified the ancient harbor of Troy by correlating sedimentary facies with ancient texts, including Strabo's Geographies. The findings will be presented at the Geological Society of America's annual meeting in Boston.
The Vetlesen Foundation has awarded a grant to the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography for the acquisition of equipment for studying sediment cores in global change research. This funding will enable researchers to further understand climate history and processes that may influence future changes.
Researchers at ONR and DARPA are developing OSCAR, an oceanic fuel cell that harnesses organic matter in sea sediments to generate electricity. The early versions of OSCAR have been generating about 50 milliwatts per square meter, sufficient power for small calculators.