Articles tagged with Sediment
A team of researchers recreated Martian conditions in a low-pressure chamber, observing the flow of mud that behaves similarly to pahoehoe lava flows on Earth. The study confirms sedimentary volcanism is possible on Mars, prompting a reevaluation of geological structures previously attributed to lava flows.
Researchers analyzed volcanic samples from Santorini and Aegina to understand why they have different eruption styles. The study found that the islands' locations on the Aegean microplate led to varying lava mix recipes, resulting in calderas versus lava domes.
The 'uplift of the Tibetan Plateau' concept is debunked due to contradictory paleoaltimetric estimates, isotopic bias, and re-dating of key sites. The region's complex topography was formed before the India-Eurasia collision, with uplift beginning in the Eocene.
The study reveals that Asgard archaea, particularly the newly identified phylum Gerdarchaeota, are involved in degrading various substrates such as amino acids and ethanol. They also participate in aerobic respiration, converting substrates into acetyl-CoA.
Researchers from FSU and partner universities mapped carbon, nitrogen, and carbon-14 distribution in the southern Gulf to create a baseline for future studies. They found no signs of remaining oil disturbance in sediment, highlighting the importance of understanding pre-existing conditions for assessing ecosystem changes.
A recent international research project found that dry areas of inland waters release high levels of carbon dioxide, underestimating total emissions. The study suggests a global phenomenon with factors like temperature, moisture, and organic matter content playing a crucial role in the release.
Researchers analyzed sediment yield data from 14 rivers in the Middle Volga Region to assess erosion trends over 50 years. The study found a decrease in erosion activity and volumes of its products, as well as reduced unevenness in river water flow, prompting practical applications for land use planning and resource management.
A new study reveals that plant materials from Arctic sea ice are incorporated into marine food webs, indicating the importance of sea ice ecosystems. The research shows a transition to more dependence on sea ice materials as coverage decreases, with long-term reserves of organic matter remaining accessible to seafloor animals.
A team of researchers discovered pristinely preserved forest soil from the Cretaceous, including plant pollen and spores, in West Antarctica. The soil confirms that the region was home to temperate, swampy rainforests with an annual mean temperature of 12 degrees Celsius, much warmer than today's South Pole.
Researchers found fossil traces of a temperate rainforest in Antarctica dating back 90 million years, revealing a warmer climate than previously thought. The discovery suggests that the continent had an exceptionally warm climate during the Cretaceous period, with annual mean air temperatures similar to modern-day Hobart, Australia.
Researchers found that variations in subducting sediments can influence the magnitude and location of megathrust earthquakes. Sediment thinning caused by volcanic activity may play a key role in determining the size and distribution of these catastrophic events.
Researchers discovered subrectangular constructs in Calusa archaeological sites, which may have been gates for watercourts. The watercourts contained fish scales from the period of use, suggesting storage and later processing of surplus fish supported the Calusa rulers' authority.
A new study reveals frequent disruptions to North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) stability during warm climate interglacials, contradicting previous notions of relative stability. The high-resolution sediment record suggests that large perturbations in ocean circulation are more easily triggered than previously thought.
A new record of deglaciations reveals the persistent influence of obliquity and insolation in pacing Earth's glacial-interglacial cycle. The study presents a high-resolution record of the last 11 deglaciations, showing that Earth's obliquity remained the main driver of glacial cycles throughout the Quaternary period.
Researchers found that type of natural organic matter affects rate and level of arsenic release from sediments. Arsenic contamination in water can cause health issues like poisoning, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
A Montana State University research team, led by Lindsey Albertson and Geoffrey Poole, is exploring the impact of caddisfly larvae on stream ecosystems. The study aims to understand how caddisflies influence nutrient processing and microbial communities in streams.
A study found enhanced pre-industrial sea-level rise of about two to three millimeters per year in Nova Scotia, Maine, and Connecticut. The rapid episodes were natural and related to the North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic ice melt.
Researchers have uncovered the articulated Neanderthal skeleton of Shanidar Z, which offers unparalleled opportunities to investigate mortuary practices using modern technologies. The find suggests that Neanderthals conducted funerary rites with flowers, challenging previous assumptions about their cultural sophistication.
Researchers discovered Woeseiales bacteria, thriving in deep-sea environments, with an estimated 5 x 10^26 cells worldwide. These microbes likely facilitate protein degradation and nitrogen cycling in marine sediments.
Scientists have identified a key factor predicting post-wildfire mudslides: dry sediment loading, which adds 3-10 feet of debris to mountain channels. Authorities can use lidar technology to map patterns of sediment loading and clear channels before storms hit.
Researchers analyzed fossil foraminifers from marine sediment to understand past ocean temperatures during the MIS19 period. The study found extreme changes in water temperature equivalent to 7°C repeated every few thousand years, offering insights into future climate predictions.
Researchers found a strong correlation between the intensity of fishing activities and microplastic abundance in sediment samples. Microplastics were detected even one foot below the surface, suggesting that previous studies may have underestimated ocean sediment pollution.
Researchers found that Antarctic Bottom Water, a deep-water mass in the Southern Hemisphere, was disrupted from spreading northwards into the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans during peak ice ages. The study suggests that weaker circulation in the Southern Ocean during cold periods may have interrupted this process.
A new study published in Geology reveals that deep-sea nodules remain uncovered due to their association with seafloor fauna, which forages and burrows sediment around them. The findings suggest that the regions where nodules occur are more extensive than previously thought, highlighting potential economic and conservation implications.
A new study supports the idea that hydrogen played a crucial role in the emergence of eukaryotes, the first nucleated cells. The research suggests that the Lokiarchaeota, an enigmatic group of microorganisms, use hydrogen for metabolism, providing evidence for the 'hydrogen hypothesis' of eukaryote evolution.
A study in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry reveals that coal-burning activities in the Asia-Pacific region have contaminated sediment layers in the US Pacific Northwest, with mercury deposition increasing by 400-fold. Global cooperation is essential to mitigate these environmental consequences.
A new study finds significant increases in sediment flux in the Tuotuo River, a key headwater of the Yangtze River. The research attributes these changes to warming temperatures and enhanced precipitation and discharge capacity. The findings provide valuable insights for water and soil management on the Tibetan Plateau.
Coastal wetlands will retain their power as carbon sinks despite sea level rise due to sediment accrual rates outpacing sea level rise. The study found that salt marshes can sequester excess carbon in their sediments, acting as a vault for stored carbon.
Researchers at Rice University discovered that a specific grain size can control the movement of silt and sand in rivers, with no correlation to water speed. This finding has significant implications for understanding sediment transport and its impact on coastlines and deltas.
Researchers found three distinct phases of reef growth since end of Pleistocene era, including periods of slower, deeper growth due to increased sediment and nutrient flux. The study provides a new model of reef growth that suggests the more protected parts of the reef might have been suitable for early coral development.
A study published in Nature Communications found that while climate change increases iceberg production, it doesn't necessarily lead to increased iron input into the oceans. Ice samples from around the world revealed varying levels of iron content, with some ice containing up to a million times more iron than others.
New findings published in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America extend the history of Teton Fault earthquakes, suggesting multi-section ruptures may have occurred. The study, which analyzed trenches around Leigh Lake, estimates a 10,000-year-old earthquake with a magnitude of 6.6 to 7.2.
Researchers warn that Africa's Lake Victoria could dry up in the next 500 years due to climate change, posing a significant threat to 40 million people. The lake's water levels are projected to decline rapidly if temperature changes and precipitation patterns shift
A study by the University of Barcelona finds sediment accumulation outpaces nitrate toxicity in harming river ecosystems. Researchers warn that habitat degradation due to deforestation and agricultural practices threatens Europe's Water Framework Directive goals.
Civil engineers create a sustainability-based optimization algorithm to help policymakers make informed decisions on projects like bridges, school roofs and waterfront developments. The algorithm considers the costs of a project over its lifetime and externalized costs, providing a more comprehensive view.
Research reveals significant increases in suspended sediment concentrations in affected Amazon river reaches due to artisanal gold mining. Elevated turbidity is likely to impact fish community structure, while ASGM-associated sediments may facilitate mercury transport to nearby communities.
Research reveals artisanal gold mining is altering water clarity and dynamics in the Madre de Dios River watershed, causing increased sediment levels that contain mercury and other contaminants. This has severe impacts on fish populations and other aquatic life, disrupting natural seasonal cycles and habitat of endangered species.
Researchers found that sediment and particulate nutrient impacts to the Bay occur mostly during high-flow events like major storms, but the Bay is resilient in the long run. Sediment delivery to the mid-Bay region is relatively small, minimizing potential impacts on water quality.
Researchers developed a novel method using quartz and feldspar grains from the Parnaíba River in Brazil's Northeast region. The analysis reveals significant differences in luminescence between samples from headwaters and lower reaches of the river, reflecting changes in precipitation patterns over the past 30,000 years.
A new study found that changes in high-altitude winds over the South Pacific produce fundamental effects on ocean circulation and the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The research also reveals closer atmospheric ties between mid-latitudes and the tropics, with significant implications for global climate mechanisms.
A new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that reduced mercury use in the Great Lakes region has not led to a decline in mercury accumulation in large game fish. Instead, aquatic invasive species such as quagga and zebra mussels are forcing fish to seek atypical food sources enriched in mercury.
Researchers found increased soil erosion 4,000 years ago coinciding with deforestation and land-use changes. Human practices accelerated global sediment accumulation, affecting ecosystems and climate.
Kathy Benison, a WVU geologist, has been chosen as part of the Return Sample Selection Participating Scientist team for NASA's Mars 2020 expedition. She will help select promising rocks and sediments for the rover to cache or study on Mars.
Scientists have found millimeter- to centimeter-sized wood fragments in sediment cores from the Bengal Fan, a large deposit in the Bay of Bengal. This discovery suggests that wood burial at continental margins may be a previously overlooked component of carbon sequestration.
Wildfires can lead to significant impacts on soil infiltration, triggering flooding and erosion. Sediment flows can carry large amounts of debris downstream, posing a threat to reservoirs. Researchers are developing new models to predict the risks of post-wildfire sediment on reservoirs.
A new study by MBL and BIOS scientists found that hurricanes like Nicole significantly affect the ocean's biological pump, accelerating the transfer of carbon from surface to deeper ocean layers. This boost provides a crucial source of food for marine life in the deep ocean.
Scientists have discovered a distinct climatic signature on rivers globally, with varying elevational profiles shaped by regional aridity levels. In humid regions, rivers exhibit concave-up shapes, while drier regions feature straighter profiles.
A study by the University of South Florida and Eckerd College found four billion particles of microplastics in Tampa Bay's waters, highlighting the need to address plastic pollution. Microplastics, tiny plastic particles less than 1/8 inch, come from various sources and can harm marine life through ingestion or surface damage.
Researchers used numerical simulations to study sediment motion and flow conditions, identifying three stages of dune formation and clarifying the mechanism. The findings can help predict riverbed morphology evolution and prevent hazards like riverbank failure.
Researchers developed predictive tools to estimate sediment and nutrient levels in water. The low-cost sensors will help automate the monitoring process, enabling more frequent predictions of water quality changes.
The Lake Ohrid drilling project has provided a unique window into the region's climate history, revealing significant increases in winter precipitation and shedding light on the causes of rain phases. The findings offer valuable data for assessing the effects of climate change and comparing with models.
Researchers have found biofilms, visible to the naked eye, in cracks of methane-rich sediment in Arctic waters. These findings shed new light on anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and its impact on climate change.
Scientists have discovered fresh water leaking from the seabed in the Norwegian Sea, similar to a large underwater aquifer found in the Atlantic Ocean along the US East Coast. The aquifer could be a potential resource for areas with no drinking water on land.
A new microbe called Methanoliparia has been found to degrade long-chain hydrocarbons into methane and carbon dioxide. This discovery provides an alternative to the previously thought complex partnership between archaea and bacteria.
New research reveals that bacteria in coastal mud produce vast amounts of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a climate-cooling gas. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that DMSP is mainly produced by photosynthetic algae in ocean surface waters.
Researchers discovered microbes thriving on centuries-old organic matter in sediments, using peptidases to degrade low-quality food. This finding has implications for biomedical applications and understanding of subsurface microbial communities.
A team of researchers successfully reconstructed anthropic influences on sedimentation in the ancient harbour of Portus, a complex of harbour basins and canals that formed the hub of commerce in the Roman Empire. The findings suggest that the Romans were proactively managing their river systems earlier than previously thought.
A study by the University of Bristol's School of Earth Sciences has investigated the impact of melting ice on nutrient supplies in the ocean. The research found that glacial sediments, which are rich in nutrients, play a crucial role in cycling these essential elements through shallow marine sediments.
Researchers have mapped a gigantic underwater freshwater aquifer off the US Northeast coast, spanning from Massachusetts to New Jersey, and extending far out into the continental shelf. The aquifer holds an estimated 670 cubic miles of fresh water, potentially providing a vital resource for arid areas worldwide.
Scientists have recreated the conditions of the Earth's mantle, where diamonds form, by simulating extreme pressure and heat. They found that the sediments represent a plausible source of potassium for the saline fluid inclusions in diamonds.