Articles tagged with Tectonic Plates
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Researchers propose that a hot layer above the Earth's mantle, known as the asthenosphere, is responsible for volcanic eruptions in mid-plate regions. This challenge traditional theory, which posits that volcanoes are caused by plate movement and heat from deep within the Earth.
Researchers have solved a long-standing mystery surrounding Australia's only active volcanic area, which spans over 500 kilometers and has seen more than 400 volcanic events in the last four million years.
The Earth's massive tectonic plates are driven by a self-sustaining process that has shaped the modern planet. Early continents triggered plate motion by placing major stress on surrounding plates, forcing them to be pushed under at their edges.
Scientists at Michigan State University have made a groundbreaking discovery that challenges long-standing theories on the origin of massive lava flows in Africa. The study found that some of these lavas came from within the African tectonic plate itself, rather than deep within the mantle.
Researchers used a numerical model to demonstrate the link between crustal unloading and magma transport in rift valleys. In broad, shallow rifts, magma ascends vertically, while in deep, narrow rifts, it's strongly deviated, resulting in off-rift volcanoes forming at distances from the rift axis.
Researchers accurately predicted the magnitude 7.6 Nicoya earthquake in Costa Rica, allowing for improved building codes and reduced damage. The study used GPS data to map out the likely extent of an earthquake rupture along a subduction megathrust, providing valuable insights into plate tectonics.
Researchers used a computer program to recreate the ancient supercontinent Gondwana by aligning geological boundaries across Australia, India and Antarctica. The study improves understanding of plate tectonics and its impact on oil and gas deposits.
Scientists have discovered that large-scale upwelling in the Earth's mantle is mostly concentrated beneath Africa and the Central Pacific, with these locations remaining remarkably stable over geological time. This discovery provides a framework for understanding how mantle dynamics are linked to surface geology.
A new subduction zone has been detected off the coast of Portugal, marking the beginning of a cycle that will close the Atlantic Ocean. The Iberian subduction zone will pull Iberia towards the United States over approximately 220 million years.
Researchers have discovered a hidden layer of liquified molten rock in the Earth's mantle, which may be responsible for the sliding motions of massive tectonic plates. The finding has significant implications for understanding geologic functions and processes related to volcanism and earthquakes.
Researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography have discovered a 25-kilometer-thick layer of partially melted rock below the edge of the Cocos plate, which may be facilitating the sliding motions of tectonic plates. This finding has significant implications for understanding earthquakes and volcanism.
Analysis of seismic waves from the magnitude 8.7 earthquake reveals a complicated faulting process involving at least four faults at right angles to each other. The event was the largest intraplate earthquake ever recorded and involved horizontal motion on a series of faults in the middle of the Indo-Australian plate.
A team of researchers studied the Cantabrian Arc, a curved mountain range in Spain and northern Africa. They found that the curvy pattern was produced by the bending of an originally straight mountain range, supported by patterns of rotation of ancient geomagnetic field directions and analysis of faults and joints.
Researchers from UNH's Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping used multibeam echo sounders to map the entire Mariana Trench, discovering four bridges spanning its depth of 10,994 meters. The bridges are thought to be formed by the collision of tectonic plates, providing new insights into Earth's complex geology.
Researchers develop three-dimensional model to explain Andes formation, predicting earthquakes and mountain range evolution. The new approach improves predictive power, allowing scientists to forecast tectonic plate behavior.
Scripps researchers identify a new force driving Earth's massive tectonic plates, finding that plumes of hot magma from the deep interior play a crucial role in shaping the planet. This 'plume-push' mechanism has been linked to significant geological events, including the formation of volcanoes and the movement of continents.
Researchers found that episodic tremors can reverse direction and travel back through fault lines much faster than the original rupture. The event was observed in the Pacific Northwest region, particularly in Washington state, and released as much energy as a magnitude 6.8 earthquake.
Researchers have developed a dynamic model to explain Mount Etna's existence, suggesting it resulted from decompression melting of upper mantle material. The theory provides an alternative explanation for the volcano's geological environment and surrounding volcanism.
Researchers developed new algorithms to simulate global mantle flow, plate tectonics, and individual fault zones, achieving a resolution of about one kilometer near the plate boundaries. The model accurately predicted plate movements, including anomalous rapid motion of microplates in the western Pacific.
Researchers at Monash University and Scripps Institution of Oceanography developed a new mathematical scaling theory to explain the global motions of tectonic plates. The theory demonstrates that the velocities of plates and boundaries depend on subduction zone size and presence of subduction zone edges.
An international team of scientists studied two Sumatra earthquakes, finding differences in sediment composition between the rupture areas. This difference may have contributed to a larger tsunami in the 2004 event, highlighting the potential for high tsunami hazards in this region.
Researchers are working together to understand intraplate earthquakes in an effort to minimize the loss of life and property. By deploying seismic recorders and analyzing data from two large experiments, the team aims to advance knowledge of earthquake causes and hazards.
A new model of tectonic-plate movements has been developed by University of Wisconsin-Madison geophysicist Chuck DeMets and his collaborators. The MORVEL model offers a precise description of the relative movements of 25 interlocking plates, accounting for 97% of the Earth's surface.
A new model, MORVEL, offers a marked improvement on previous work by estimating the relative movements of interlocking tectonic plates. The study provides precise rates of plate spreading along mid-ocean ridges and helps researchers understand surface processes like mountain-building and subsurface processes like mantle convection.
Researchers have found regular patterns in small tremors between episodic tremor and slip events, suggesting a megathrust earthquake could occur closer to the Puget Sound region than previously thought. This new evidence is helping scientists refine building codes and better understand the hazard from a great quake.
New research on jade found in Guatemala's Motagua fault reveals two collision events between the North American and Caribbean plates. The study uses eclogite dating to pinpoint a 130 million-year-old collision, followed by a second event at 70 million years ago.
Researchers used computer modeling to reconstruct a 1100km subducted tectonic plate and found a connection between New Caledonia and northern New Zealand. The discovery provides evidence of a geographical link between the two islands at that time, shedding light on evolution in the region.
Researchers have found a connection between seismic slip and nonvolcanic tremor in the Cascadia subduction zone, potentially increasing stress on the megathrust fault. The findings suggest that slow slip events may lead to increased risk of megathrust earthquakes.
The Cenozoic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau occurred in two phases, with intense tectonic activity mainly in South Tibet and West Kunlun. This study reveals a significant geomorphologic reversal since early Miocene, resulting in the plateau's current E-W tilting pattern.
A new University of Florida study reveals that the Isthmus of Panama was formed by a Central American Peninsula colliding with South America, contradicting previous evidence. The research uses geologic, chemical and biologic methods to date rocks and fossils found in the Gaillard Cut of the Panama Canal.
Researchers used a model to study stress changes on faults after the May 12 China earthquake and found heightened rupture likelihood for some faults. The study suggests that potential for failure exists on some faults, but does not predict when or if an earthquake will occur.
Scientists at Imperial College London have discovered that dense plates tend to be held in the upper mantle, while younger and lighter plates sink into the lower mantle. This new understanding could improve earthquake risk assessments by explaining plate movements and earthquakes in regions like the Western Pacific.
Scientists from IRD and University of Chile investigate hot spot volcanism in the central Pacific Ocean. Numerical simulation models reveal an alternative scenario involving shearing strain within tectonic plates. This could lead to a reevaluation of the break-up of the Earth's largest tectonic plate.
A recent PNAS study found that the current Earth system has improved heat regulation compared to 60 million years ago when small tectonic plates existed. The research suggests that plate size and number significantly affect heat loss, with smaller plates leading to greater heat escape from the mantle.
A CU-Boulder-led study suggests that a 2006 tectonic plate motion reversal near Acapulco did not ease seismic strain in the region. Instead, it sped up by four times, making a major earthquake less likely, according to Professor Kristine Larson.
Researchers have found clear evidence that a major Alaskan earthquake in 2002 triggered tremor episodes on Vancouver Island, revealing the presence of slow-slip events in a subduction zone. The tremors were measured by seismometers and lasted about 15 seconds, providing valuable insights into the rupture process.
Geologists use seismic waves to locate missing rock under Tibet, clarifying how continents behave when they collide. The research helps solve a long-standing mystery and provides key evidence for understanding the full dynamics of continental collision.
Researchers used GPS to record precise movements of hundreds of points on the Asian continent over 10 years, finding that most of Asia behaves like a 'c ceramic plate' while some areas, such as Tibet, deform more like Play-Doh. The findings challenge long-standing theories and provide new insights into continental deformation.
Scientists studied earthquakes and tsunamis in the Bering Sea coastline, including magnitude 7.7 quakes, to understand the tectonic history of Kamchatka. The research suggests that Kamchatka sits atop a smaller plate called the Okhotsk block, which is being deformed by convergence zones of tectonic plates.
Researchers have recorded non-volcanic tremors in a deep borehole near Parkfield, California, providing insight into the San Andreas Fault's behavior. The findings help geologists understand whether the fault's deeply buried rocks behave similarly to those in the Cascadia Subduction Zone.
Researchers suggest that the subduction of the northern portion of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath the North American plate may be slowing and eventually cease, potentially altering the seismic hazard profile of the region. The discovery was made using advanced technology and data from formerly classified U.S. Navy hydrophones.
A massive earthquake off the coast of Sumatra challenged long-held assumptions about quakes and subduction zones. The Great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake surpassed a magnitude 9 threshold, which contradicts theory that such large quakes occur at subduction zones with young, fast-moving crust.
Scientists have found that strain is rapidly accumulating within a specific area south of the San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles, primarily in the San Gabriel and San Fernando Valleys. The study suggests that the Puente Hills Fault and nearby faults may be more likely to break than others, increasing the risk of earthquakes.
Researchers estimate that up to 35.5 million people in the northern Caribbean are at risk due to tsunamis triggered by movement along the North American and Caribbean plate boundary. The region has experienced several devastating tsunamis in the past, including those in 1692, 1780, and 1946.
The Indonesian earthquake's unique combination of a subduction zone and shallow depth made it particularly deadly, resulting in over 150,000 deaths. Scientists have developed technology to warn people of pending tsunamis, but an early warning system is lacking in the Indian Ocean.
The Alpine fault begins as a single fault, unlike most other strike slip faults which form from multiple small faults. It exhibits significant seismicity at the southern and northern ends but is relatively aseptic in the central portion.
Researchers found that glaciers grind down mountains at a rate comparable to tectonic plate movement, validating the 'glacial buzz saw' hypothesis. This suggests that glacial erosion plays a significant role in shaping mountain landscapes and redistributing rock masses.
Geologists at Rice University have located the intersection of the Nubian, Somalian and Antarctic plates within a 100-kilometer-wide region known as the Andrew Bain Fracture Zone Complex. The research provides new insights into the relationship between African plates, including the tectonic processes that created the East African Rift.
Scientists study seismic waves to understand tectonic plate dynamics, aiming to resolve the long-standing 'great plate debate'. They use data from seismometers worldwide to characterize wave origins and time delays, creating a X-ray image of the planet's internal structure.
A new study by geophysicists Shelley J. Kenner and Paul Segall suggests that devastating earthquakes could strike the New Madrid seismic zone along the Mississippi River within this century, potentially causing widespread destruction from Arkansas to Iowa.
A revised geological history of coastal California reveals that the Mendocino Triple Junction is a slab window, too simple to accurately portray events at the northern end of the San Andreas fault. The thickening and thinning of the crust alter the underlying rock characteristics, influencing earthquake responses.
Magnetic patterns on Mars indicate ancient plate tectonics system, with implications for understanding of the planet's topography. The team found evidence of symmetrical mirror-image stripes, similar to those on Earth, which could be remnants of a long-lost plate tectonics system.
Researchers at UC Davis and MIT propose a new model of Earth's mantle as two layers, reconciling conflicting evidence from seismologists and geochemists. The new model suggests that tectonic plates encounter a geological barrier in the lower mantle, preventing them from mixing with deep-mantle material.
The Cornell team will monitor seismic waves produced by local and distant earthquakes using temporary recording stations set up in eastern Turkey. They aim to determine how the Arabian plate is being supported and what specific earthquake hazards exist in the region, shedding light on the early stages of continental collision.
Researchers have discovered motion along the southern portion of the boundary between the west African (Nubian) and east African (Somalian) plates. The finding helps geologists understand how the East African rift fits into plate tectonics, improving global models for predicting India-Eurasia collision.
Scientists discover African Superswell is caused by hot mantle material rising from the core-mantle boundary, elevating southern Africa and driving tectonic plates. This phenomenon, known as dynamic topography, reveals a link between deep mantle dynamics and surface features.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is enabling geologists to study earthquakes in real time, revealing incremental motion and slow squeezing within plates that can lead to earthquakes. This technology is improving earthquake hazard studies by allowing for more accurate predictions of seismic activity.
Researchers use GPS satellites to monitor the movement of an entire continent and record the yearly growth of the Andes Mountains. The study shows that satellite data can help geologists calculate accumulating stresses along fault lines, promising improved earthquake hazard estimation.
Researchers discover the San Andreas fault cuts straight through the crust and Moho, affecting stress buildup and earthquake hazard predictions. The study improves understanding of rock boundaries, types, and stress accumulation to better assess seismic risks.
Researchers found calcite grains in mid-continent areas showed deformation patterns consistent with shearing stress, contradicting the idea that these regions are 'quiet and tectonically dead'. The study provides new insights into tectonic processes and offers critical input for computer modeling of plate dynamics.