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Life Sciences

Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.

447,757 articles | 2542 topics

Health and Medicine

Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.

431,843 articles | 751 topics

Social Sciences

Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.

260,756 articles | 745 topics

Physical Sciences

Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.

257,913 articles | 1552 topics

Applied Sciences and Engineering

Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.

225,386 articles | 998 topics

Scientific Community

Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.

193,043 articles | 157 topics

Space Sciences

Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.

29,662 articles | 175 topics

Research Methods

Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.

21,889 articles | 139 topics

Mathematics

Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.

3,023 articles | 113 topics

Traces of DNA exposed by twisted light

Researchers at University of Michigan and Jiangnan University have developed a new method for detecting DNA using twisted light, achieving 50 times better sensitivity than current methods. This technology has the potential to aid in diagnosing patients, solving crimes, and identifying biological contaminants.

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Shining a little light changes metal into semiconductor

Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have created a new class of materials that change their electronic properties when exposed to light. The composite material combines gold nanorods and zinc oxide, leading to improved performance in solar cells and potential applications for sensitive sensors.

Researchers strike gold with nanotech vaccine

Researchers have developed a novel vaccination method using gold nanoparticles that can deliver specific proteins to the body's immune cells. The technique mimics viruses and stimulates an immune response, offering significant safety advantages.

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DNA-guided assembly yields novel ribbon-like nanostructures

Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have discovered a new mechanism of self-assembly using DNA 'linker' strands, forming ladder-like ribbons with unique properties. This approach could lead to the fabrication of nanoscale materials with desired properties, such as plasmonic or fluorescent responses.

Building a better capacitor with custom nanorods

Researchers at Michigan Technological University have developed a method to create manganese dioxide nanorods with the optimal crystal structure, enabling high-power and long-lasting capacitors. The nanorods can be used in various applications, including energy storage and solar cells.

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University of Florida chemists pioneer new technique for nanostructure assembly

Researchers from the University of Florida have developed a new technique for growing new materials from nanorods, enabling the creation of sophisticated structures and materials. The breakthrough could revolutionize industries such as data processing and human medicine by increasing efficiency in polarized LED displays up to 50%.

White LEDs directly on paper

Scientists successfully grow nanorods of zinc oxide on a thin layer of polydiethylflourene, creating white LEDs that can be printed on paper or wallpaper for display purposes. This breakthrough method uses chemical methods and has the potential to enable mass production of flexible electronics.

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Bringing down the cost of fuel cells

Engineers at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee have developed a catalyst that provides similar efficiency to platinum in microbial fuel cells but at 5% of the cost. The material, nitrogen-enriched iron-carbon nanorods, has potential for replacing platinum catalysts in hydrogen-producing microbial electrolysis cells.

Syracuse University researchers use nanotechnology to harness power of fireflies

Researchers at Syracuse University have developed a system that harnesses the natural light produced by fireflies using nanoscience, producing a system 20-30 times more efficient than previous experiments. The breakthrough uses custom quantum nanorods to transfer energy from a chemical reaction between luciferin and luciferase enzymes.

Penn researchers build first physical 'metatronic' circuit

Penn researchers created the first physical demonstration of 'lumped' optical circuit elements, a milestone in the nascent field of metatronics. By manipulating light waves with nanorods, they replicated the function of electronic circuit elements like resistors and capacitors.

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Nanorod-assembled order affects diffusion rate and direction

Researchers used 3D computer simulations to study the diffusional behavior of nanoparticles on surfaces. They found that ordered nanorods can facilitate faster diffusion than disordered ones, with channels between rods enabling particles to speed through.

Bright lights of purity

Researchers found that impurities in quantum dots and nanorods lead to poor light emission, but heating them removes impurities, boosting luminescence. This technique enables the synthesis of high-quality nanocrystals for applications like bio-imaging and solar energy.

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Rice chemists cram 2 million nanorods into single cancer cell

Researchers at Rice University have successfully loaded over 2 million gold nanorods into a single cancer cell, opening up new possibilities for targeted cancer treatments. The breakthrough involves using a new molecule to replace toxic CTAB with MTAB, allowing for the safe and efficient loading of nanoparticles into cells.

Researchers find way to align gold nanorods on a large scale

Researchers from NC State University have developed a simple, scalable method to align gold nanorods, which respond differently to light depending on their orientation. The team used electrospun polymer nano/microfibers to achieve long-range alignment of the nanorods at both nanoscale and larger length scales.

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Mantis shrimp eye could improve high-definition CDs, DVDs

Researchers have developed a novel waveplate technology inspired by the peacock mantis shrimp's eye, which can improve high-definition CD, DVD, and holographic technology. The new waveplates offer broader polarized light capabilities over the entire visual spectrum.

Taking the 3-D measure of macromolecules:

Researchers create the world's first three-dimensional plasmon rulers, capable of measuring spatial changes in macrmolecular systems, providing a new tool for understanding critical biological events. The 3D plasmon rulers enable scientists to retrieve complete spatial configuration and track dynamic evolution of complex processes.

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

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NIH grant ratchets up ASU research in molecular motors

The ASU research group is studying the FoF1 molecular motor using a gold nanorod attached to the c-ring, which allows them to measure the rotary motion of the c-ring. They have found that the rotation is periodically interrupted, similar to a ratchet mechanism, and are exploring its potential for use in synthetic molecular motors.

Exposing ZnO nanorods to visible light removes microbes

Researchers at the Asian Institute of Technology successfully demonstrated the use of ZnO nanorods to remove microbes from water using visible light. The study found that the nanorods killed both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, offering a promising solution for water purification.

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New tool for cell research may help unravel secrets of disease

Advancements in understanding rotational motion in living cells may shed light on disease causes, such as Alzheimer's. Researchers have developed a new technique using gold nanorods and differential interference contrast microscopy to reveal nanoparticle movement in live cells.

A forest of nanorods

By using glancing-angle deposition, researchers can create a forest of nanorods on a target surface, which offers a range of potential applications including nanosensors and fuel-cell cathodes. This technique extends shadowing effects to higher temperatures, leading to larger-diameter nanorods with unique properties.

Tiny rulers to measure nanoscale structures

Physicists at China's Wuhan University discovered a new way to measure absolute distances and distance changes using a plasmon ruler. By combining nanospheres with a nanorod dimer, they found that the resonance wavelength shift increases linearly with the increasing of a nanosphere's interparticle separations.

To attack H1N1, other flu viruses, gold nanorods deliver potent payload

Researchers at UB and CDC develop gold nanorod delivery system for immune-boosting RNA molecule that targets influenza virus, promoting interferon production and inhibiting viral replication. The therapy has potential to treat a range of infectious diseases, including H1N1, avian flu and Ebola.

Nano imagining takes turn for the better

Rice University researchers have developed a new way to track nanoparticles using gold nanorods and polarization imaging techniques. The technique could provide valuable information about materials, including living systems, that incorporate nanoparticles.

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Gold solution for enhancing nanocrystal electrical conductance

Researchers at Berkeley Lab developed a technique to boost the electrical conductivity of nanorod crystals by 100,000 times using gold contacts. This method preserves the intrinsic semiconductor character of the starting nanocrystal, making it ideal for solar cells and energy production.

A safe approach to nanotechnology

Researchers developed a non-toxic method to synthesize zinc oxide nanorods using water and ultrasound. The approach produces uniform nanorods of 30-100 nm in diameter, suitable for large-scale production. It enables safe use in medical applications, food products, dentistry, and electronics.

MIT: Targeting tumors using tiny gold particles

Gold nanorods can detect and treat tumors by absorbing near-infrared light, heating them up to kill cancer cells, while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues. The technology has shown promise in studies using mice, where tumors disappeared within 15 days of treatment.

Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro)

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No small measure: Origins of nanorod diameter discovered

A new study at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute identifies the fundamental reasons behind nanorod diameter, demonstrating a diameter of approximately 100 nanometers. The researchers found that cooperation and competition among various atomic transport mechanisms hold the key to this size.

Slimmer, stickier nanorods give boost to 3-D computer chips

Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed slimmer copper nanorods that fuse together at 300 degrees Celsius, ideal for heat-sensitive nanoelectronics. This technique enables wafer bonding in 3-D computer chips with lower temperatures, resulting in less expensive and reliable devices.

Purifying nanorods: Big success with tiny cleanup

Researchers at Rice University have developed a purification method that filters out impurities from gold nanorods, resulting in solutions that are more than 99% pure. The discovery has significant implications for the emerging U.S. nanotechnology industry.

On the boil: New nano technique significantly boosts boiling efficiency

Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a new nano technique that significantly enhances boiling efficiency by up to 30 times. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize cooling methods for computer chips, improve heat transfer systems, and reduce energy costs in industrial applications.

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.

Biosensing nanodevice to revolutionize health screenings

A team of researchers from Arizona State University has developed a biosensing nanodevice that can detect diseases at the single molecule level. The device uses a biological engine to emit a signal when it detects a target DNA, resulting in high sensitivity and portability.

Gold nanorods shed light on new approach to fighting cancer

Scientists have created a method to target and destroy tumor cells by attaching folate to gold nanorods, which then burst through the membrane upon near-infrared light exposure. This triggers a complex biochemical mechanism leading to cell death.

Gold nanoparticles may pan out as tool for cancer diagnosis

Researchers at Purdue University have created gold nanoparticles that can identify marker proteins on breast cancer cells, offering a potential tool for better diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The technology has the potential to provide high-quality data at a lower cost than existing methods.

New nanomethod may help compress computer memory

Researchers at Brown University have developed a technique to synthesize iron-platinum nanorods and nanowires with controlled size, composition, and magnetic alignment. The method produces batches of similarly-sized nanowires or rods in solution, showing promise for high-density information storage and other applications.

Rings made of little rods

Researchers at Rice University discovered that gold nanorods can spontaneously self-assemble into ring-shaped structures within seconds. The rings are made of tiny gold rods and form due to the condensation of water droplets onto a solution of the rods in a nonpolar solvent.

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Gold nanorods assemble themselves into rings

Gold nanorods spontaneously form rings due to condensation of water droplets on their surface, changing optical and electromagnetic properties. The discovery could lead to development of novel nanodevices such as highly sensitive sensors and invisible objects.

VCU researchers develop new method for synthesis of nanomaterials

Researchers have developed a new method for synthesizing tailored nanorods and nanowires using microwave irradiation, enabling faster production of highly versatile materials for medical applications. This approach requires specific chemicals and solvents but offers significant enhancement in reaction rates.

Gold nanorods may make safer cancer treatment

Researchers have found a safer and more effective way to detect and kill cancer cells using gold nanorods. The new method allows for deeper penetrating noninvasive cancer treatment without harming healthy cells, making it a promising approach for treating breast cancer.

Purdue's gold nanorods brighten future for medical imaging

Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new type of medical imaging technique that uses gold nanorods to detect tiny structures in the bloodstream. The nanorods yield images nearly 60 times brighter than conventional fluorescent dyes, making them ideal for early detection of cancer.

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Rice's CNST awards Smalley/Curl funds for innovation

The Smalley/Curl Fund for Innovation supports research in medical diagnostics and drug delivery using gold nanorods. Rice University faculty receive one-year grants to develop novel ideas with the potential to impact all areas of nanotechnology.

UC Berkeley, LBNL chemists develop technology for cheap, plastic solar cells

Researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a technology for creating cheap plastic solar cells that can be painted onto any surface, enabling applications such as powering wearables or small devices. The efficiency of the solar cells is currently low, but the team believes it has the potential to improve with further development.