Articles tagged with Astrophysics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have discovered a rare white dwarf remnant with a carbon signature, suggesting it formed from the merger of two stars. The high-mass white dwarf, WD 0525+526, has a thin atmosphere that allows carbon to reach its surface, providing insights into the early stages of stellar evolution.
A new study by Dartmouth astronomers has mapped 355 candidate satellite galaxies around dwarf galaxies, tripling the number previously surveyed. The researchers aim to understand how external conditions influence satellite formation and uncover insights into dark matter's nature.
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will feature a 'sunblock' shield made of lightweight yet stiff panels designed to limit heat transfer. The observatory's instruments will benefit from this design, which can detect faint signals from space.
A team of researchers at Kyoto University has successfully developed a method to calculate the vibrations of black holes using exact WKB analysis. The approach reveals complex patterns in spiraling waves, enabling precise capture of frequency structure and bridging theoretical predictions with observational data.
Researchers at Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik recreated a reaction under conditions similar to those in the early universe for the first time. They found that the rate of this reaction remains almost constant with decreasing temperature, contradicting previous predictions.
The Near-InfraRed Planet Searcher (NIRPS) spectrograph, combined with HARPS, offers exceptional performance in detecting and characterizing exoplanets. The first scientific results revealed atmospheres of two gas giant exoplanets, including one with an extreme atmosphere containing evaporated iron.
A new study from NYU Abu Dhabi found that high-energy particles from space, known as cosmic rays, could create energy needed to support life underground on planets and moons. This process, called radiolysis, can power life even in dark, cold environments with no sunlight.
Researchers have discovered star-shredding black holes in dusty galaxies, confirming that these events are powered by dormant black hole accretion. The study uses the James Webb Space Telescope to detect clear fingerprints of black hole activity in four galaxies, revealing key differences between active and dormant black holes.
The CTAO LST Collaboration presents groundbreaking findings on the nature of gamma-ray bursts, supporting theoretical models of structured, multi-layered jets. The observations of GRB 221009A provide new clues about jet formation mechanisms and the central engine behind these cosmic phenomena.
Researchers detected sulfur in both gas and solid phases using data from the XRISM spacecraft, providing unprecedented insight into its presence in the universe. The findings are based on measurements of X-rays from two binary star systems and suggest that sulfur can easily change between these forms.
Researchers at TU Wien found that the solar wind ions' erosive effect on the Moon has been vastly overestimated. The actual yield is up to an order of magnitude lower than previously assumed due to the regolith's porous structure.
Researchers propose using soft X-rays to measure reconnection rates and monitor space weather. By analyzing bright X-ray features, they calculated a global reconnection rate of 0.13, closely matching theoretical predictions.
Researchers observed a flare caused by a star falling onto a black hole and surviving the encounter. The discovery suggests that these flares may be part of a longer, more complex story about supermassive black holes.
Roman will scan a large region of the cosmos every five days for two years, detecting around 27,000 type Ia supernovae and 60,000 core-collapse supernovae. These observations will help scientists understand dark energy, the universe's expansion, and fill gaps in our understanding of cosmic history.
Researchers used NASA's TESS mission data to estimate the sizes of over 200 exoplanets and found that many are likely larger than previously thought. This discovery could impact the search for life on distant planets, as water worlds may harbor life but lack features that help life flourish on Earth.
The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration detected the merger of two massive black holes, producing a final black hole over 225 times the mass of our Sun. The signal challenges current astrophysical models and requires the use of theoretical models to interpret its complex dynamics.
The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration has detected the merger of two massive black holes, producing a final black hole approximately 225 times the mass of our Sun. The signal presents a challenge to current astrophysical models and requires advanced theoretical tools to interpret.
Researchers successfully demonstrate Fermi acceleration mechanism with ultracold atoms, unlocking new understanding of cosmic rays behavior. The technology has the potential for high-precision control over particle acceleration and opens new possibilities for investigating phenomena relevant to high-energy astrophysics.
Researchers propose 'dark dwarfs' could be key to understanding dark matter, with lithium-7 serving as a unique marker. A discovery of a dark dwarf would provide compelling evidence for WIMPs as a possible dark matter component.
Researchers discovered plants can select good microbes and suppress harmful ones to thrive in challenging conditions. The concept of functional team selection highlights the importance of microbiome diversity in plant adaptation.
Researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University proposed a method for neutron spectrum regulation to enhance the irradiation production efficiency of transuranium isotopes. The new method achieves efficient and precise neutron spectrum optimization, maximizing the production of transuranic isotopes.
The discovery of dense clouds of neutral hydrogen gas within the Fermi bubbles challenges current understanding of their formation and age. These 'ice-like' clouds are found at 12,000 light years above the Milky Way's center and are much younger than previously estimated.
Researchers at GSI/FAIR have conducted high-precision measurements of three extremely neutron-rich tin isotopes, revealing unexpected changes in the behavior of tin nuclei beyond N=82. These findings improve our understanding of nuclear forces far from stability and may alter the path of the r-process on the nuclear chart.
Researchers used machine learning to simulate galaxy evolution and supernova explosions, achieving speeds four times faster than supercomputers. This breakthrough enables the study of galaxy origins, including the creation of the Milky Way's elements essential for life.
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory has unveiled the first images of the sky obtained with its LSST camera, a 3200-megapixel resolution car-sized camera that can photograph 45 times the area of the full moon in just three nights. The high-definition images will provide unprecedented views of the southern sky and reveal faintest and furthest-...
A team of researchers has discovered that a specific radio signal can reveal the masses of the earliest stars, crucial for understanding the Cosmic Dawn. The study utilizes the 21-centimetre signal, created by hydrogen atoms filling gaps between star-forming regions, to inform predictions about future radio telescopes like REACH and SKA.
Scientists at UC Riverside successfully measured the electric dipole moment of aluminum monochloride, a crucial diatomic molecule. The precise measurement will aid in quantum technologies, astrophysics, and planetary science.
Dr. Karen I. Perez joins the SETI Institute as the inaugural recipient of the William J. Welch Postdoctoral Fellowship, developing real-time analysis pipelines for detecting signals from intelligent life. Her research will advance radio astronomy and contribute to shaping the next generation of SETI instrumentation.
Researchers surveyed luminous infrared galaxies to gain insight into galaxy formation in the early universe and possibly the Milky Way. They discovered massive clumps of newborn stars, unlike anything seen in the Milky Way.
Researchers using the James Webb Telescope have discovered silicate clouds in the atmosphere of exoplanet YSES-1-c, which is thought to be linked to the planet's relative youth. The findings offer new insights into planetary formation and atmospheric processes, shedding light on how our own solar system may have formed.
A new study by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) proposes that compact exoplanetary systems may be surviving remnants of planet accretion during the final stages of stellar formation. This process results in similarly sized planets with characteristic masses determined by infall and disk conditions.
The COSMOS-Web field maps nearly 800,000 galaxies spanning 98% of cosmic time, challenging existing notions of the infant universe. Researchers see roughly 10 times more galaxies than expected at incredible distances, sparking new questions about the early universe and its mysteries.
Researchers have made the most sensitive direct measurement yet of the 12C(12C,a0)23Na reaction down to an excitation energy of 2.22 MeV using a HOPG target and intense carbon beam. The results represent the highest sensitivity achieved for this channel, with a thick-target yield on the order of 10−17 per incident carbon ion.
A team led by UChicago scientist Wendy Freedman has used the James Webb Space Telescope to find no evidence of tension in the Hubble Constant, resolving a decade-long conflict. The new data strengthens the Standard Model of the universe, suggesting that the Hubble Constant may not be the source of inconsistencies.
Scientists have observed ultra-narrow bright and dark stripes on the solar photosphere, offering unprecedented insight into how magnetic fields shape solar surface dynamics. These striations are linked to magnetic fluctuations that alter plasma density and opacity.
Scientists used NASA's Hubble and Gaia space telescopes to simulate the evolution of the Milky Way and Andromeda over 10 billion years. Contrary to previous beliefs, they found a only 2% probability of collision within five billion years.
Researchers analyzing the atmosphere of WASP-121b using the James Webb Space Telescope detected water, carbon monoxide and silicon monoxide in both the dayside and nightside hemispheres. This is the first conclusive identification of SiO in any planetary atmosphere.
Four new studies provide conclusive evidence for the existence of intermediate-mass black holes, offering a window into the universe's first stars. The researchers used data from LIGO detectors to identify these heavy gravitational-wave events, paving the way for future observations using space-based missions like LISA.
A team of astronomers from ICRAR discovered a new type of cosmic phenomenon called ASKAP J1832-0911, which emits pulses of radio waves and X-rays for two minutes every 44 minutes. This is the first time such an object has been detected in X-rays.
Researchers suggest that an ancient, weak magnetic field and a large plasma-generating impact combined to create a strong magnetic field on the moon. This process could explain the presence of highly magnetic rocks near the south pole's far side, where the Imbrium basin is located.
Researchers use NASA's James Webb Space Telescope to investigate a protoplanetary disk around a young star in the Lobster Nebula. They found sufficient solid material to potentially form at least 10 rocky planets and detected various molecules that contribute to planetary atmospheres.
Scientists have successfully measured the structure of liquid carbon using a unique combination of laser compression, X-ray analysis, and large-area detectors. The results reveal that liquid carbon has a water-like structure with special structural properties, and its melting point was precisely determined.
Researchers at ICRAR have found that galaxies forming stars rely on the location of atomic hydrogen gas, not its total amount. Higher-resolution observations allowed for unprecedented mapping of gas distribution in 1,000 galaxies.
Researchers have detected 1,678 galaxy groups or proto-clusters with unprecedented insights into the formation and evolution of galaxies. The study provides a unique view of how galaxies have evolved since the universe was under a billion years old.
Researchers at Nagoya University discovered that Cepheid variable stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud are moving in opposing directions along two distinct axes, indicating the galaxy is being stretched by multiple external gravitational forces. The findings challenge previous theories of the galaxy's structure and dynamics.
Researchers discover over 500 dense cores in Milky Way's Central Molecular Zone, which may indicate widespread presence of protoplanetary disks. The findings propose two scenarios: self-absorption of smaller structures within dense cores or growth of dust grains in these systems.
An international team identified a new region of heavy, neutron-deficient isotopes where nuclear fission is predominantly governed by an asymmetric mode. The research found increasingly asymmetric fission in these nuclei, characterized by light krypton fragments, marking the discovery of a new island in the nuclear chart.
Researchers at Dartmouth College propose a new theory on the origin of dark matter, suggesting it could have formed from high-energy massless particles that rapidly condensed into cold, heavy particles. The theory can be tested using existing observational data, including the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation.
A new computer model simulates magnetism and turbulence in the interstellar medium, providing unprecedented detail on the Milky Way Galaxy's overall magnetic field. The model also helps understand star formation and the propagation of cosmic rays, offering insights into astrophysical phenomenon.
Astrophysicist Jeremy Darling is pursuing a new method to measure the universe's gravitational wave background by analyzing the motion of quasars. His research could unravel the physics of gravity and help scientists understand galaxy evolution and fundamental assumptions about gravity.
Researchers propose a new route for neutrino production in NGC 1068, suggesting helium nucleus decay as the primary source. This scenario explains the observed strong neutrino signal and weak gamma ray emission, shedding light on extreme environments around supermassive black holes.
A team of Potsdam researchers has detected infrared signatures of stellar winds from massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud galaxy, a satellite of the Milky Way. The study, led by Armin Mang Román, uses James Webb Space Telescope data to analyze the young, massive star cluster NGC 346.
Researchers explore alternative models of black holes without singularities, which could be distinguishable from standard black holes through subtle deviations in predictions. Observational tests using sophisticated instruments and different channels may reveal clues about internal structure.
Astronomers used NASA's NICER to map debris from cosmic black holes, revealing the physical environment of repeating X-ray outbursts near monster black holes. The study found that each impact resulted in about a Jupiter's worth of mass reaching expansion velocities around 15% of the speed of light.
A Kobe University study finds that carbon-containing meteorites appear less shocked because gases produced during impacts are ejected into space, revealing a new understanding of shock metamorphism. The team's guidelines for future missions also predict the accumulation of highly-shocked material on dwarf planet Ceres.
Researchers have discovered key conditions needed for a stellar black hole to create plasma jets, including the rapid shrinkage of superheated gas material towards the black hole. This study reveals that jets form under dynamic conditions, providing insights into galaxy evolution and the properties of black holes.
Researchers estimate that detecting no signs of life on 40-80 exoplanets would allow for an upper limit on the prevalence of life in the universe. However, uncertainties and biases in individual observations must be carefully considered to ensure reliable results.
Scientists studied Sagittarius C using the James Webb Space Telescope to understand why fewer new stars are born in the region. They discovered powerful magnetic field lines that form long, bright filaments of hot hydrogen gas, slowing down star formation.
The thorium-229 nuclear optical clock has the potential to achieve a very high-precision time and frequency standard due to its unique properties. Despite significant progress, numerous challenges remain, including temperature sensitivity and the scarcity of the isotope.
The Flatiron Institute's Center for Computational Astrophysics is now supporting MESA's ongoing maintenance and development after its creator Bill Paxton steps down. The center has hired Philip Mocz as a full-time software engineer to ensure MESA's continued growth and impact in stellar physics.