Articles tagged with Brightness
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study suggests that the GOES-R geostationary satellite can provide more accurate hurricane predictions by analyzing brightness temperature data. The satellite's high-resolution data allows for a more detailed understanding of hurricane intensity, including wind speed and sea level pressure.
Researchers at Kyushu University developed a modification to increase the lifetime of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by nearly 8 times, making them more suitable for practical applications. The modification involves adding thin layers of a lithium-containing molecule, reducing degradation and increasing efficiency.
Scientists have identified four classes of nerve cell involved in calculating directionally selective signals in fruit flies, unlike previously proposed models. These cells, including T5 cells, perceive the direction of motion and receive input from four upstream cells.
Researchers found that tiny dips in a star's brightness can indicate a planet passing in front of it, but star KIC 8462852 had deep and irregular dips. The astronomers concluded that the destruction of a family of comets near the star is the most likely explanation for the mysterious dimming.
Researchers at Yale and Harvard have found a galaxy with a heartbeat, detecting the effects of pulsating older red stars on its light. The mean pulse of the stars in M87 is about one beat every 270 days.
Researchers have discovered thousands of stellar pulses in the galaxy Messier 87 (M87), providing a new method for calculating a galaxy's age. The pulsations are caused by bright, pulsating stars that were previously unknown to affect distant galaxies' light.
The Nearby Supernova Factory has developed a new method to measure cosmological distances using 'supernova twins,' which are pairs of supernovae with closely matched spectra. This approach reduces the scatter in brightness dispersion to just 8%, allowing for more accurate measurements and a stronger test of dark energy theory.
A new class of light-emitting quantum dots has been introduced, enabling precise control over their fluorescence brightness across a range of colors. This innovation allows for more accurate measurements of molecules in diseased tissue and improved quantitative imaging capabilities.
Astronomers have developed a new technique to measure distances between stars with far greater precision than existing methods. By analyzing the spectra of identical 'stellar twins', researchers can determine the distance between two stars without relying on models, which are often inaccurate.
Scientists at the University of California - San Diego have designed a new type of cloak that is both thin and does not alter the brightness of light around a hidden object. The technology behind this cloak has more applications than invisibility, such as concentrating solar energy.
The University of Cincinnati has developed a patent-pending breakthrough in 'tunable' window tintings that can dynamically adapt to brightness, color temperatures, and opacity. This technology allows for simultaneous control of brightness and color temperature, providing options for adjusting light entry while maintaining privacy.
Astronomers captured the early stages of three type 1a supernovae using the Kepler space telescope, revealing initial shockwaves differed from expected patterns. The findings suggest an alternative hypothesis for supernova ignition, contradicting long-held theories about these explosive events.
Researchers discovered daily weather cycles on six exoplanets, with cloudy mornings and hot afternoons, using sensitive Kepler observations. The study found that winds transport clouds to the day side, heating them up and dissipating them, resulting in clear skies during the afternoon.
Research reveals color has a major impact on how our body clock measures time of day, outperforming brightness as a reliable method. The study found that changes in light color between blue and yellow are more sensitive to the body clock than changes in brightness.
A study by New York University and the University of Pennsylvania found that humans have difficulty ignoring visual dimensions even when it harms performance. This ability to combine multiple components of an item while underscoring the challenge faced by medical practitioners and airport screeners is a result of our automatic multi-ta...
Researchers found that bat activity was lower in street-lit areas than dark locations with similar habitat. Only Leisler's bat showed a positive association with street lighting, highlighting the need to reconsider urban planning strategies.
Researchers have developed a method to calculate the ages of individual stars by measuring their spin periods and masses. The technique, known as gyrochronology, uses mathematical relationships between mass, rotation rate, and age to determine stellar ages with precision.
The researchers created a new nanoscale structure called PlaCSH that increases the brightness and efficiency of LEDs made of organic materials by 58 percent. The method also improves picture clarity of LED displays by 400 percent.
Astronomers have used a new technique to measure the ages of 22 Sun-like stars, revealing properties similar to our Sun. The study's lead author found 'solar twins' that can be studied to predict planetary system evolution.
Researchers deciphered structural components of fluorescence brightness in a primitive sea creature, known as lancelets or amphioxus. The study found that changes in stiffness around the chromophore pocket enable the animal to emit different brightness levels.
A new analysis of normal Type Ia supernovae reveals a range of masses, most near or below the Chandrasekhar limit. The SNfactory team used spectrography to 'weigh' the leftover debris, comparing masses and factors with light curves.
The Hubble Space Telescope observed a 'light echo' phenomenon as RS Puppis variable star pulsed, measuring its distance to 6,500 light-years with high accuracy. The star's fluctuations and reflected light allowed astronomers to narrow down the distance using light echoes.
Researchers found that pupils constrict in response to imagining brighter scenes and dilate when imagining darker scenes. This effect was observed even when participants were not actively trying to imagine the scenes, suggesting that mental imagery is closely tied to actual perception.
Researchers Struck and Elmegreen found that the gravitational pull of young galaxy clumps is responsible for the smooth universal brightness profile in older disk galaxies. This process takes a few hundred million years to a few billion years, scattering stars from their original orbits.
Researchers at UCSC have created a 3D+2D TV system that allows both 3D and 2D viewers to see images simultaneously, eliminating ghosting. The system uses unequal brightness between left and right images to create the illusion of depth for 3D viewers.
Researchers have released a unique dataset based on 32 nights of repeated observations of SN 2011fe, providing unprecedented detail and a solid point of reference for Type Ia physics. The data reveals that the supernova is remarkably normal, passing important tests but not matching leading computational models.
Researchers have measured the distance to our nearest neighbor galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud, using rare eclipsing binaries. The new measurement refines an astronomical calculation that helps measure the expansion of the universe, decreasing uncertainty in the Hubble constant.
A new processor chip developed at MIT can convert amateur smartphone photos into professional-looking images in a fraction of a second. The chip uses a bilateral grid method to organize and store data, allowing it to avoid blurring across edges while enhancing lighting in dark scenes.
A Type Ia supernova with a redshift of 1.71, dating back 10 billion years, has been detected using the Hubble Space Telescope's data by the Supernova Cosmology Project. This discovery provides valuable insights into the expansion history of the universe and the nature of dark energy.
The study reveals differences in the speed of evolution among globular clusters, with fast-aging clusters experiencing core collapse within a few hundred million years. In contrast, slow-aging clusters would take several times the current age of the universe to undergo core collapse.
Researchers at University of Cincinnati develop a paper-thin plastic screen that can be folded or rolled up repeatedly, eliminating pixel borders. This breakthrough technology uses ambient light to reduce power consumption and enables magazine-quality color displays in foldable e-devices.
Astronomers at the Gemini Observatory have produced exceptionally high-resolution images of Pluto and its largest companion Charon using a method called reconstructive speckle imaging. The resulting images hint at the exoplanet verification power of large state-of-the-art telescopes combined with speckle imaging techniques.
Researchers found that individuals with Huntington's gene mutation exhibit increased learning efficiency, which is more pronounced in those with stronger mutations. This paradoxical effect suggests that neurodegenerative changes can lead to improved cognitive function.
Astronomers have observed a young star, V1647 Orionis, exhibiting intense X-ray activity in the McNeil's Nebula, driven by strong magnetic fields. The star's rapid rotation is also evident in its X-ray emission patterns.
Researchers estimate that ice may make up 22 percent of Shackleton crater's surface material using laser light from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. The team discovered the crater's floor is brighter than nearby craters, indicating possible ice presence.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology's Sonification Lab converted numerical data from Kepler telescope star data into sounds to create a musically appealing melody. The team used this sound in a song by Echo Movement, showcasing the potential of sonification as a tool for analyzing large data sets.
Researchers have used a 'light echo' technique to demonstrate that Eta Carinae's Great Eruption was significantly cooler than expected, differing from previously thought supernova impostors. The team's findings suggest the eruption may have been triggered by alternative models, warranting further investigation.
Researchers found that longer carbon nanotubes emit more light at near-infrared wavelengths, while shorter tubes are dimmer due to imperfections. The study reveals insights into how growth methods and processing can improve nanotube fluorescence.
The CalTech-led Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey has released a massive dataset of 200 million celestial objects, including stars, supernovae, and asteroids. This unprecedented data set will enable scientists to study the evolution of stars, massive black holes, and the structure of the Milky Way.
Astronomers have observed the closest Type Ia supernova in decades, providing direct evidence for what a carbon-oxygen white dwarf looks like before it explodes. The study reveals that the supernova's progenitor was likely a binary system with a small white-dwarf star orbiting a companion.
NICER will measure X-rays from hotspots on a neutron star's surface and its magnetic field, revealing the star's size and helping researchers determine an Equation Of State. This will unlock the secret of matter under extreme gravity in these incredibly dense objects.
TrES-2b's extremely dark surface is attributed to its high temperature and the presence of light-absorbing chemicals. The planet emits a faint red glow due to its heat, revealing it's not pitch black despite its low reflectivity.
Researchers found a nearly 20-year-old observation of the faint galaxy ESO 546-G34, which offers insights into the earliest galaxies in the universe. The discovery suggests that small low surface brightness galaxies may have more in common with the first galaxies formed after the Big Bang.
Researchers have found a method to measure a star's true age using its spin. Astronomer Soren Meibom presented his findings in a press conference, nearly doubling the age covered by previous studies of younger clusters. The technique involves measuring stellar rotation rates for stars in clusters with known ages.
Astronomers have updated the census of sun-like stars with data from NASA's Kepler Mission, detecting changes in brightness in 500 stars. This provides a much better understanding of the stars' properties and their evolution, allowing for detailed measurements of star basics such as mass and age.
The Kepler spacecraft provides clear views of changes in star brightness, allowing astronomers to probe a star's core and determine its density and chemistry. The mission helps understand the life cycle of red giant stars, including whether they burn hydrogen or helium in the core.
The LRO mission has released a comprehensive collection of data, including global maps with resolutions as low as 100 meters per pixel. The dataset includes more than 192 terabytes of raw information, equivalent to approximately 41,000 typical DVDs.
A new study led by Ryan Foley has found a way to correct for small variations in the appearance of Type Ia supernovae, making them better standard candles. This discovery allows cosmologists to improve their data analysis and make more accurate measurements of dark energy.
Researchers use NASA X-ray satellites to monitor a binary system with a massive black hole, discovering its rhythmic cycles, which drive the black hole's intake and growth. The study reveals the importance of radiation in preventing the black hole from ingesting too much material.
Researchers discovered that melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells contribute to conventional image-forming vision, particularly brightness perception. This finding suggests these cells could support vision in people with advanced retinal degeneration.
The development enhances fluoromodule technology by making probes glow five- to seven-times brighter than EGFP, allowing researchers to monitor biological activities in real-time. Dendron-based dyedrons amplify the signal emitted by fluoromodules, providing a single compact protein tag with signal enhancement.
Researchers developed an experimental imaging technique using gold-silver nanocages to detect hollow nanocages and solid nanoparticles in the bloodstream, enabling clear images without background fluorescence. This method shows improved performance with higher contrast and brightness than conventional fluorescent dyes.
Researchers found that chaotic processes and asymmetry of explosions create diversity in brightness, with potential impact on precision distance measurements. Simulations suggest use of multi-dimensional models to refine distance estimates and improve expansion rate measurements.
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed a new technique to measure cosmic distances, extending the range to 300 million light years. They found that ultra long period cepheids (ULP cepheids) can serve as powerful distance indicators and provide insights into the evolution of very massive stars.
A new method has been found to accurately determine the intrinsic brightness of Type Ia supernovae, enabling better cosmic distance measurements. This breakthrough uses a spectroscopic ratio and eliminates uncertainty caused by intervening dust or host galaxy type.
A new study finds that soot on snow warms the snow and air by up to 1.2 degrees Fahrenheit, causing snowmelt weeks earlier in spring. This can lead to reduced water supply, aggravate winter flooding and summer droughts.
This study measured contrast sensitivity in individuals with different levels of visual acuity, revealing stark differences in color frequency and brightness. The results showed that contrast sensitivity values increased significantly as visual acuity improved, particularly for spatial frequencies above 1 cpd.
Researchers at NIST create a focused ion beam with cold atoms, offering a non-contaminating alternative to hot gallium ions for nanoscale features and imaging. The technique enables precise cutting and enhanced resolution, opening up new possibilities for nanotechnology and microscopy.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have devised a new type of next generation light sources that can create x-rays up to one hundred million times brighter than currently operating machines. The X-FELO oscillator is expected to open up breakthrough scientific opportunities in various research fields.
Astronomers have discovered identical twin stars that formed at different times, challenging current star-formation theories. The analysis reveals significant differences in brightness, surface temperature, and possibly size between the two stars, with one being about 2x brighter and 300 degrees hotter than its twin.