Articles tagged with Color
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Engineers at Harvard University have discovered that individual, vertical silicon nanowires can display vibrant colors of the spectrum, dependent on their diameter. The finding has potential applications in increasing efficiency and detecting color without filters in nanoscale image sensor devices.
A recent brain imaging study has identified the neural patterns that enable some individuals to perceive two colors at once while reading. The research, published in Cortex, suggests that the same areas of the brain responsible for processing color also support synesthetic experiences.
Sharks lack color vision due to having only one type of long-wavelength-sensitive cone cell in their retina. This finding may help prevent shark attacks and improve fishing gear design.
Scientists have found a difference in visual perception between male and female cichlid fishes, which likely aids in mate selection. The research discovered that males and females detect light differently, with five photoreceptor cones in their eyes, enabling color discrimination.
Bees perceive the world differently than humans, with variations in hue that are invisible to us. The Floral Reflectance Database (FReD) provides data on flower colours as seen by bees, addressing existing gaps in records.
Researchers have identified the brain region responsible for the McGurk Effect, an auditory phenomenon where viewing lips moving out of sync with words creates a perception of other words. Synesthetes' brains show distinct structures and processes, indicating that synesthetic experiences are more idiosyncratic than previously thought.
A survey of over-the-counter medication users found that red and pink tablets are preferred due to their aesthetic appeal. The study suggests that the color of a pill can boost compliance and improve outcomes, and recommends considering aesthetics in pharmaceutical formulation.
Researchers found that brain area V4 is divided into separate regions for different colors and orientations, with distinct processing domains for shape and surface properties. This compartmentalization has significant implications for understanding visual object recognition and attention.
Researchers developed a model to mimic the stickleback's visual system, allowing them to determine what 'colors' the fish see. The results show that females can assess the quantity of carotenoids in males' signals, which is linked to his parenting ability.
A University of Michigan professor has developed a new type of color filter made of nano-thin sheets with precisely spaced gratings, trapping and transmitting light of specific colors. The filter acts as a polarizer simultaneously, eliminating the need for additional polarizer layers, making it simpler to manufacture.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General found that wearing red or being bordered by the color increases a man's attractiveness and sexual desirability among women. The researchers attribute this effect to the cultural association between red and high status, as well as biological roots in human behavior.
A new study used a computer-based model to predict what types of changes people are more likely to notice, revealing that addition or removal of an object is detected more readily than color changes. The findings have potential applications in designing displays for road signs, emergency services, and security.
A study suggests sleep may restore color perception to achromatic equilibrium, allowing for accurate classification of gray as neutral. Wakefulness causes a drift in color perception, which is corrected by overnight sleep.
The MODIS instrument on NASA's Terra satellite captured a visible image of the ash plume from Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano, drifting south and east over the Northern Atlantic Ocean. The ash plume appeared lighter in color than previous days, indicating a potential decrease in volcanic activity.
The James Webb Space Telescope's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) instrument is a key tool for identifying colors and objects in the cosmos. With its micro-electromechanical system, NIRSpec can analyze light from deep space to help scientists determine the age, chemical composition, and distances of faint galaxies.
Researchers at NYU and U. of Würzburg identified how photoreceptor cells in the fruit fly Drosophila use distinct spectral sensitivities for color vision and motion detection. Flies with impaired R7 or R8 photoreceptors showed preferences for specific colors, revealing separate channels for color and motion.
Researchers found that butterflies with a duplicate gene can see ultraviolet colors and have UV-yellow pigment on their wings, facilitating mate searching and reproduction. This link between vision and wing colors may be an adaptive advantage for these butterfly species.
Researchers mapped chicken retinas, discovering a complex pattern of color receptors that maximizes their ability to see colors. This superior vision may help birds find mates and feed on colorful fruit, and could lead to insights into treating human genetic disorders.
The study found that rosier skin appears healthier due to increased blood flow, while golden or 'yellow-toned' skin may indicate higher antioxidant levels from a healthy diet. This discovery suggests that nutrition plays a crucial role in achieving the most desirable complexion.
The report highlights a significant phytonutrient gap in the US, with 88% of Americans falling short in the blue/purple category. To close this gap, experts recommend consuming two servings from each of the five color categories per day, providing potential health benefits from promoting eye, bone and heart health.
Researchers at the University of Chicago discovered that the brain can latch onto color and assign it to a different object, even when the original object's color is lost. The study used binocular rivalry technique to show how colors bind to objects in the brain.
A new system developed by Prof. Abraham Katzir can detect contaminants in water supply in real time, providing early warning to authorities. The system uses special fibers that can distinguish between pure and contaminated water using the invisible infrared spectrum.
Jeremy Nathans receives the Scolnick Prize for his groundbreaking work on color vision, brain development, and retinal disease. His research has led to significant insights into human blindness and the basis for many forms of color blindness.
A study published in PLoS ONE found that people perceive a healthy appearance when looking at faces with more oxygen-rich blood and less pale undertones. Physically fit individuals tend to have healthier-looking skin due to increased blood vessels and higher oxygen levels.
A study by Joseph P. Redden and Stephen J. Hoch found that variety in optical illusions leads to underestimation of quantity, causing individuals to pour more when faced with a mix of items. This perception affects food portions and may contribute to overeating.
A research team from Singapore and London has discovered that the elephant shark, a primitive deep-sea fish, possesses three cone pigments for color vision similar to humans. The finding suggests that gene duplication played a crucial role in this process, which may provide valuable insights into human genome evolution.
Researchers found that carotenoids may improve male sperm quality, promote healthy offspring development, and enhance color vision in birds. They also propose a positive fitness feedback loop where high carotenoid accumulation improves an individual's state and mate selection.
A recent study reveals that humans have actively selected for rare genetic mutations to change the coat color of domestic animals, such as pigs and dogs. This process has been ongoing for thousands of years, eliminating alternative explanations for coat color changes within domestic populations.
This study measured contrast sensitivity in individuals with different levels of visual acuity, revealing stark differences in color frequency and brightness. The results showed that contrast sensitivity values increased significantly as visual acuity improved, particularly for spatial frequencies above 1 cpd.
A Brown University researcher has discovered that men tend to have more reddish skin and greenish skin is more common for women. The finding has important implications in cognitive science research and potential industry applications in facial recognition technology and advertising.
Researchers used transcranial magnetic stimulation to restore some experience of color in a patient with 'blindsight', a condition where people don't consciously see but can detect objects. The breakthrough suggests that even damaged parts of the brain, like V1, are not essential for visual awareness.
Scientists use frequency comb to determine starlight color with high accuracy, allowing them to measure velocity changes of astronomical bodies with precision. This method could help search for Earth-like planets and test universe expansion acceleration.
Researchers have developed a new temperature-regulating film that can be applied to micro-spacecraft, allowing them to withstand extreme heat and cold in space. This breakthrough technology has the potential to enable cheaper and more efficient satellite launches, opening up new applications for communications and defense.
Researchers used different hues of orange and yellow on various objects to examine color perception and constancy. Participants redefined colors based on their knowledge of object colors, not just the hue.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed the first two standards for solid-state lighting in the US, detailing color specifications and test methods for LED lamps and light fixtures. These standards aim to significantly reduce energy consumption and improve color rendering.
A new study reveals that short-wavelength light, like natural blue sky light, is highly effective at stimulating the human circadian system. Exposure to multiple wavelengths of light simultaneously can result in less total stimulation compared to viewing individual colors separately, a phenomenon known as spectral opponency.
Researchers found that synesthetes share specific grapheme-color combinations and that these pairings are influenced by language use. The study also discovered a relationship between color saturation and linguistic frequency.
Researchers at NYU's Center for Developmental Genetics identified a new class of photoreceptors in the retina of fruit flies that co-express two ultraviolet-sensitive rhodopsins. This discovery may have implications for understanding the regulation of color vision and olfactory receptors.
Researchers reconstructed neural network in Drosophila's medulla, identifying full complement of neurons involved in color vision processing. The study provides a paradigm for understanding how color vision is processed in more complex systems, such as vertebrates.
A new study by NYU and University of Würzburg researchers found that color vision does not contribute to motion detection in fruit flies, challenging previous assumptions. The findings suggest two separate functional pathways for color and motion processing.
Researchers studied the beetle's shell using advanced imaging techniques to understand its color-changing property. The study found that the light interferes with the structure to produce the green color, and when water penetrates, it destroys the interference phenomenon leading to a black coloration.
Synaesthetes often perceive the world as having a consistent and permanent vision. They may feel strongly about their experiences, which can affect preferences and perceptions. Research by Alicia Callejas Sevilla at the University of Granada explores various forms of synaesthesia.
The team developed a structured gel with tunable optical properties that can rapidly change color in fractions of a second. The gel's color shift is limited to one dimension due to its one-dimensional periodic stack structure, resulting in a dramatic improvement over earlier color-changing gels.
A new study suggests that achromatic colors exist in a two-dimensional (2-D) color space composed of brightness and darkness dimensions. This model generalizes to the chromatic dimensions of color perception, indicating six perceptual dimensions rather than the conventional three.
Researchers found that the genes responsible for color vision in aye-ayes are fully functional, contradicting the long-held theory that nocturnal mammals lose color vision over time. The study sheds light on the evolution of color vision and highlights the importance of examining rare and endangered species.
Researchers used the Stroop task to test grapheme-color synesthetes, finding that opponent incongruent colors made it difficult for them to respond quickly. However, memories of objects associated with those same colors were not affected by color change. These findings suggest that synesthetic colors are perceived in a realistic way.
A recent study examines the remarkable two-tone color of pumpkin seed oil using imaging and CIE chromaticity coordinates. The observed color shift from red to green is attributed to changes in oil layer thickness and unique human retina cell characteristics.
Researchers successfully engineered mice to see colors beyond the normal range by introducing a single human gene that codes for a light sensor. This breakthrough demonstrates the flexibility of the mammalian brain in processing sensory information, opening new avenues for understanding the evolution of color vision.
Researchers created mice with both human and mouse visual receptors, allowing them to distinguish between previously indistinguishable colors. This breakthrough suggests the brain can adapt to new sensory information quickly, challenging the idea that early primates developed trichromatic vision gradually over time.
A recent study by JoAndrea Hoegg and Joseph W. Alba found that the color of a drink can significantly affect how it tastes, with tint dominating taste perception over other attributes.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital developed a new type of miniature endoscope that produces high-definition, three-dimensional images. This technology, called spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE), allows for the creation of detailed images of areas previously inaccessible to medical diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers found that people from preindustrial societies consistently classify colors into eight categories: red, green, yellow-or-orange, blue, purple, brown, pink, and grue. The study used data from the World Color Survey to analyze color names across 110 languages, revealing a universal framework for color perception.
New research at Georgia Tech and Zoo Atlanta shows that giant pandas can discriminate between colors and various shades of gray. The study found that both pandas were able to choose the correct colored pipe in tests, indicating they have some sort of color vision.
Researchers found that humans can learn complex structures simultaneously from multiple sources, such as tones and colors or speech. However, performance drops when two sets of sequences are from the same perceptual class of stimuli, like two sets of speech stimuli.
A University of New South Wales PhD student has discovered a way to measure brain waves to diagnose and monitor color perception diseases. The study found that brain activity patterns could be used to reveal the finest color discriminations individuals can make, potentially leading to a new visual health test.
Studies show that when objects share a common color, people can focus on more than three items simultaneously. This ability is crucial in various activities like sports, poker games, and even organizing events.
Researchers found that zebra finch males prefer females with beaks more extremely colored than their mothers', demonstrating a 'peak shift' effect. This suggests that sexual imprinting drives the evolution of skewed mating preferences and exaggerated traits in birds.
Researchers found cuttlefish can detect contrast differences of at least 15%, suggesting they use intensity matching for camouflage. The study's findings shed light on the complex visual processing of these cephalopods, an ideal model for studying camouflage.
The lizard's parietal eye photoreceptors contain two pigments, allowing it to respond to blue and green light in the same cell. This unique mechanism may have been an economical way to detect changes in sunlight during dawn and dusk. The study proposes a 'missing link' between the light-sensing apparatus of lower animals and humans.
A recent study reveals that a single gene, spineless, controls the development of both the fruit fly's antenna and its color vision. The research, led by Claude Desplan and Ian Duncan, uses Drosophila fruit flies to demonstrate how this gene regulates the retina's structure and function.