Articles tagged with Crystal Structure
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The OSA Advanced Photonics Congress will discuss the latest developments in integrated photonics, including photonic device research and their applications in networks. Renowned speakers will present on topics such as quantum science, free space communications, and artificial intelligence.
Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology synthesized new Mn4+-activated red phosphors with high photoluminescence intensity, revealing the relationship between crystal structure and sintering temperature. The findings have important implications for the development of high-color-rendering-index materials for LED applications.
Researchers introduce RoseTTAFold, a neural network approach that accurately predicts protein structures, outperforming traditional methods and rivalling DeepMind's AlphaFold2. The tool's code and public server are now accessible to the scientific community, enabling rapid solution of challenging structure determination problems.
MicroED can solve high-resolution crystal structures from sub-micron-sized crystals, aiding small-molecule drugs and transient polymorphs determination. This approach helps guide synthesis strategies and inform production decisions.
Researchers have developed a machine-learning algorithm to categorize metal-organic frameworks by oxidation state, providing a solution to the long-standing problem in chemistry. The collective knowledge of the chemistry community was used to train the model, which captured the errors and inconsistencies in existing methods.
Researchers discovered ethane-eating microbes at hydrothermal vents, which use the same enzyme as methane-eaters to break down ethane. The enzyme's unique structure was visualized with unprecedented precision, revealing a larger catalytic chamber and additional methyl groups, allowing for efficient recognition of ethane.
Physicists have finally experimentally documented the melting of Wigner Crystals into a liquid in response to quantum fluctuations, a long-sought-after goal in the field. The study used a novel experimental technique to observe this transition in atomically thin semiconductor bilayers.
Researchers successfully reduced crystalline device thickness to two atoms, enabling faster, more efficient electronic devices. The new technology proposes a way to store electric information in the thinnest unit known to science.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab design a nanoparticle composite that grows into 3D crystals, enabling faster production of electronic and optical devices. The discovery provides unprecedented control in fine-tuning nanolevel precision.
Zirconia ceramics exhibit improved toughness due to phase changes, but real-time observation of these changes is challenging. Researchers employ time-resolved X-ray diffraction to visualize transformation toughening during dynamic fracture.
Researchers at UIC have developed a novel continuous-flow microfluidic device that enables parallel-connected micromixers to screen polymorphs, morphology, and growth rates of L-histidine in eight different conditions. The device significantly reduces screening time by about 80% compared to conventional methods.
Researchers co-led by Professor Wang Xunli discovered a structure link between a glass solid and its crystalline counterpart, finding that both forms share the same building block. The team also concluded that connectivity between clusters distinguishes the crystalline and amorphous states.
Researchers elucidated the molecular structure of RcaE, a representative cyanobacterial photosensor, revealing its unique conformation and potential proton transfer route to bilin. The study provides insights into how cyanobacteria evolved diverse spectral sensitivities and contributes to the development of new photoswitches.
Researchers developed a novel crystalline form of silicon with a hexagonal structure that can potentially be used to create high-performance electronic and energy devices. This discovery opens the door to exciting future research prospects for tuning optical and electronic properties through strain engineering and elemental substitution.
Researchers have successfully simulated the interaction of two quantum dots, exchanging energy controlled by light. The study's results are promising for experimental research and development in various fields, including qubit development and photocatalysis.
Researchers at Yale-NUS College have discovered a way to produce single gyroid photonic crystals directly in feather colours of blue-winged leafbirds. This breakthrough has the potential to improve photovoltaic cells, fibre optics, and fuel cells by making them more efficient and cost-effective.
Researchers developed a new EBSD-based method to determine enantiomorph distribution in polycrystalline materials, including the chiral elemental structure β-Mn. This simplifies the preparation of materials with defined handedness.
Scientists have developed a new approach to improve hydrogen transport in solids, enabling faster movement of negatively charged hydrogen 'anions' at lower temperatures. The breakthrough could lead to more sustainable sources of energy and practical applications in electrochemical devices.
A Penn State scientist has developed a new mathematical formula that may solve the decades-old problem of spacetime in Einstein's theories of relativity. By placing space and time on an equal footing, Gopalan's approach removes the negative sign problem, allowing for traditional Euclidean geometry to be applied.
Scientists have created mega-crystals with unique properties by mixing different shapes of nanocrystals. These 'Lego materials' form long-range ordered dense lattices called superlattices, which exhibit superfluorescence and can be used for technical applications.
Researchers found that engineered defects in oxide crystals can increase electrical performance by five-fold and 19-fold in dielectric and piezoelectric properties, respectively. This breakthrough could lead to the development of more efficient capacitors with improved environmental and health benefits.
Researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and universities reveal alternating step kinetics during gallium nitride crystal growth, challenging conventional wisdom. The study uses advanced X-ray scattering techniques to monitor the rate of growth on the crystal surface steps.
Researchers developed new methodologies to analyze evanescent wave-induced scattering in transmission SAXS for semi-crystalline polymers. The methods provided information on lamellar thickness and long period of lamellar stacks.
Researchers found that the side of a chocolate bar facing the mold has a more orderly crystalline structure than the air-side face. This difference in crystal form could lead to improved taste and texture, as well as better appearance.
Researchers used slice-and-view scanning electron microscopy to uncover a twin boundary defect in a soft-block copolymer. The defect may be exploited to create materials with novel acoustic and photonic properties.
Two research breakthroughs accelerate the development of synthetic diamond-based quantum technology by addressing cost and fabrication difficulties. A new hard masking method enables precise engineering of optical defects in diamond devices, while a novel growth process uses lower-cost polycrystalline substrate.
Scientists at PNNL develop a novel material capable of capturing light energy, displaying high efficiency and programmability, with potential applications in photovoltaics, bioimaging, and beyond. The researchers' bio-inspired approach leverages natural hierarchical structures for exceptional properties.
Scientists have discovered that hydroxyapatite, a mineral present in human bones, can efficiently decompose hazardous organic compounds when activated using mechanical stress. This breakthrough could lead to the development of cheap, noble-metal-free catalysts for controlling volatile organic compounds.
Researchers have developed a new method for synthesizing zeolite catalysts that improves catalytic performance by up to five-fold. The improved hierarchical zeolite catalysts show unprecedented improvement in stability and selectivity, potentially reducing the need for costly turnarounds.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a nondestructive method to identify threading dislocations in GaN substrates, which could lead to improved quality and yields. The technique uses multiphoton excitation photoluminescence mapping to analyze crystal defects.
The study presents two new derivatives of pyrrole-fused azacoronene, one with alkyl groups and the other with concave π-planes, exhibiting distinct redox properties and π-electron functions. The curved structure leads to a strong interaction with spherical fullerene.
Researchers at the Fritz Haber Institute have developed a novel method for fast material manipulation using laser pulses, significantly reducing switching times. The technique involves shining light on a semi-metallic crystal to re-organize its internal electronic structure, changing conductivity and allowing for ultrafast control.
Researchers developed a method to grow crystals with reversible phase transitions between 2D and 3D structures, leading to significant changes in electronic conductivity. The alloy's properties can be controlled by temperature, enabling potential applications in novel semiconductor technologies.
The CSD MOF Collection offers 10,636 metal-organic framework crystal structures for free access to academics, simplifying computational research. This collection is expected to advance fundamental research and support the growing industry interest in MOFs.
Researchers have successfully developed the first stable and strong self-assembling nanographene wires using 3D design. The team created a molecule called 'bitten' warped nanographene (bWNG) that can assemble into double-stranded, double-helix nanofibers.
Physicists search for rare Skyrmion phenomenon but find near-identical object with distinct qualities, dubbed an incommensurate spin crystal. This discovery could lead to new technologies in computer memory and storage.
Researchers from Skoltech have created a theoretical method to study electronic properties of 2D materials like silicene under high pressure. This approach could help create pressure sensors using these materials, which are promising candidates due to their unique properties.
A research team has discovered a new type of superconductor by inducing an extended buckled-honeycomb-vacancy (BHV) ordering in Ir16Sb18. The superconductivity emerges when the BHV ordering is suppressed through extra atom squeezing or Rh substitution, competing with the ordered vacancy as a potential superconducting parent phase.
Researchers developed an AI model that predicts crystal structures of multi-element alloys without requiring massive data. The method showed high accuracy in predicting structural phase and can save calculation cost by up to 1,000 times compared to previous methods.
Halide perovskites' twisting motion creates desirable renewable energy properties, helping materials scientists tailor chemical recipes for environmentally friendly applications. The study's findings apply to a wide range of halide perovskites, including hybrid organic-inorganic and lead-free variants.
Scientists at KAUST have successfully synthesized copper nanoclusters with a cuboid shape, exhibiting promising properties for photoluminescence and catalysis. The unique structure is driven by intercluster noncovalent bonding interactions, including hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.
Researchers have successfully mapped the metallic and insulating regions of atomically engineered devices made from rare-earth nickelate compounds at near-atomic resolution. This breakthrough enables a deeper understanding of the physics behind these electronic materials, which may be used in future computing approaches.
The mosquito protein AEG12 destabilizes the viral envelope, breaking its protective covering. The findings could lead to therapeutics against viruses affecting millions of people worldwide.
Physicists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have combined two quantum sensing techniques to analyze a sample, enabling the mapping of magnetic fields and magnetization. The technique uses diamond color centers in diamond probes to provide a sensitivity that opens up new measurement options.
Researchers successfully filmed and restored the 3D structure of nanoparticles that share structural similarities with viruses using X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) and machine learning. This breakthrough enables high accuracy and speed imaging of viruses, opening new avenues for understanding their structures.
Washington State University scientists have developed a method to treat raspberries before freezing, allowing them to maintain their structure when thawed. The treatment involves infusing berries with pectin and calcium, partially drying them, and coating them with an edible layer, resulting in reduced syneresis and improved texture.
Nitrogen-bearing diamond crystals have been shown to produce high-quality X-ray beams due to their superior thermal conductivity and coefficient of expansion. Despite historical concerns over their quality, researchers from BFU successfully manufactured plates with sufficient defect-free areas using a unique device.
Researchers at USC Viterbi School of Engineering used living bacteria to create new materials with superior mechanical properties. These materials exhibit exceptional strength, fracture resistance, and energy dissipation, making them suitable for aerospace panels, vehicle frames, body armor, and defense applications.
Scientists from RUDN University have synthesized three new chalcogenides using iodine-based high-temperature synthesis, resulting in rare rhombic system crystal structures. The new compounds were obtained using nickel, gallium, indium, sulfur, and tellurium, showcasing the key role of iodine in their formation.
Scientists have detailed a mechanism in the Covid-19 corona that could help find new treatments by identifying promising drug targets. The researchers used computational modeling techniques to simulate movements of nearly 300 protein structures, focusing on the spike protein, which forms the extended corona of the virus.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck have elucidated the crystal structure of exotic ice XIX, a new ordered variant of high-pressure ice VI. This breakthrough discovery reveals new insights into the electrical properties of these unusual ice forms and paves the way for further experimentation to study their properties.
Researchers used advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe mesocrystals form in real-time, revealing a new pathway of crystallization by particle attachment. This discovery could help design materials for energy storage and understand natural mineralization.
Researchers have defined how antibodies recognize phosphohistidine, a central role in some cancers like liver and breast cancer. The study provides insights into antibody structures and enables scientists to engineer more efficient antibodies.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have designed liquid crystals with complex symmetry structures, similar to those found in minerals and gems. The breakthrough could lead to new types of smart windows and displays with enhanced energy efficiency.
Scientists at Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science (SCTMS) developed methods to simplify crystal structures, enabling the understanding of material properties. By analyzing simplified structures, researchers can identify patterns and hidden information in original complex structures.
Researchers from Ural Federal University have developed a novel sol-gel method to synthesize high-purity zircon, a crucial material for storing and disposing of radioactive waste. The synthesized zircon can also be used as a reference sample in mineralogical studies, thanks to its unusual properties.
Researchers at Columbia University have developed a platform to control layered crystals using light, producing imaging capabilities beyond common limits. The discovery provides insights for optical quantum information processing and aims to solve difficult problems in computing and communications.
Researchers discovered a unique step-terrace-like surface structure in quasicrystal-like materials, which depends on the biasing voltage applied to the sample. The study, led by Prof. Ryuji Tamura from Tokyo University of Science, offers exciting possibilities for material scientists to explore.
Researchers have observed the moment of initial crystal nucleation, revealing a stochastic fluctuation between disordered and crystalline states. The team proposed a new thermodynamic theory to explain this phenomenon, suggesting that energy barriers increase as crystals grow.
Research by Nagoya Institute of Technology scientists has clarified how crystal defects in half-Heusler Ni-based alloys contribute to high thermoelectric conversion efficiencies. The study used large-scale crystal structure simulations and XAFS spectra to analyze the effects of atomic defects on material properties.