Articles tagged with Light Polarization
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists at the University of Rochester have developed a method for encoding 2.05 bits per photon using twisted light, doubling existing systems that use light polarization. This breakthrough could help increase the efficiency of quantum cryptography systems and secure communication.
A new joint analysis of BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck data reveals that the earlier detection of primordial gravitational waves is no longer secure due to interstellar dust contamination. The study uses multi-frequency data from Planck and ground-based experiments to separate foreground emissions from the cosmic background.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a new lithography technique that uses nanoscale spheres to create three-dimensional structures. The new method reduces the cost of nanolithography and allows for the creation of complex nanostructures without expensive equipment.
A team of researchers from Lebanon and France has developed a laser biospeckle technique capable of detecting the climacteric peak in fruits like apples, bananas, and pears. This non-invasive method uses coherent light to analyze speckle patterns, which change with time depending on the medium's scattering properties.
University of Utah engineers developed a polarizing filter that transmits more light, enabling longer battery life in mobile devices and improved low-light photography. The new technology allows for increased energy efficiency and can pass through up to 74% of light.
Researchers at the University of Michigan found that circularly polarized light can influence the self-assembly of nanoparticles into chirally specific structures. This phenomenon has implications for understanding homochirality and potentially developing new methods for inducing chirality in molecules.
Physicists at Vienna University of Technology have developed an optical switch using spin-orbit coupling of light. By employing gold nanoparticles coupled to ultra-thin glass fibers, they can emit light into the fiber in a way that does not travel in both directions, but instead is directed either left or right.
Researchers found that greater mouse-eared bats can calibrate their inner compass using the polarized light of the evening sky. The bats deviated from the control group when exposed to a 90-degree shifted polarization pattern, indicating they used this visual cue for orientation.
Researchers develop a plasmon-enhanced polarization-selective filter using SPPs technology, allowing for the integration of optical components on circuits. This breakthrough enables the construction of nanoscale optical logical gates and all-optical switches.
Researchers at UC Riverside have developed liquid crystals that can be controlled by an external magnetic field, enabling novel display applications and anti-counterfeit technology. The discovery paves the way for remote operation without electrodes or expensive materials.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new system that selectively filters light waves based on their direction of propagation. The technique, which uses a stack of ultrathin layers with precise thickness control, could improve efficiency in solar photovoltaics, detector systems for telescopes and microscopes, and display screens.
Researchers from BICEP2 collaboration announce groundbreaking discovery of cosmic inflation, providing first direct image of gravitational waves. The data also confirm a deep connection between quantum mechanics and general relativity.
A team of researchers at RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science discovered that evanescent electromagnetic waves carry momentum and spin components orthogonal to the direction of wave propagation. These findings offer a unique opportunity to investigate fundamental physical features, previously hidden in usual propagating light.
Researchers at Linköping University have developed a method to emit polarized light directly from quantum dots, achieving an average polarization of 84%. This breakthrough enables the creation of more efficient polarized light-emitting diodes for LCD screens and wiretap-proof communications.
A new study uses a technique developed by UB physics professor Andrea Markelz to observe lysozyme protein vibrations, finding they persist in molecules like the 'ringing of a bell'. This discovery opens up a whole new way of studying life's basic cellular processes.
Researchers detected twisting patterns in polarization of oldest light in the universe, hinting at complex processes and properties of the earliest moments in the universe's formation. The discovery could help physicists better understand the distribution of mass and define cosmologically important properties.
Astronomers have glimpsed the infrastructure of a gamma-ray burst jet using observations from the Liverpool Telescope's RINGO2 instrument. The study reveals that light from the reverse shock wave, which drives back into the jet debris, shows strong and stable polarized emissions.
Scientists have developed a method to study individual sheets of graphene in a stack, even when they cover each other. By analyzing the polarization of reflected light, researchers can identify and characterize different graphene multilayers.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have developed a technique to image individual carbon nanotubes, allowing for the characterization of their electronic and optical properties. This breakthrough enables the identification of specific species of nanotubes in functional devices, crucial for advancing nanotube technology.
Researchers at the University of Utah created a new organic molecule shaped like rotelle – wagon-wheel pasta – that depolarizes light, increasing LED efficiency. This breakthrough allows for more efficient OLED displays, promising longer battery life in smartphones and TVs.
Researchers at Harvard University have developed a nanostructured hologram that controls the intensity, phase, and polarization of light rays. This innovation enables the creation of radially polarized beams, which are crucial for high-resolution lithography and particle manipulation.
Rice University and Sandia National Laboratories have created a solid-state electronic device that detects polarized light across the visible and infrared spectrum. The new photodetector uses aligned carbon nanotubes to provide intrinsic polarization sensing, unlike traditional methods which rely on filters or gratings.
The TU Vienna has successfully developed a light transistor that can be controlled by an electrical potential, enabling efficient miniaturization and use in optical computers. This breakthrough utilizes terahertz radiation and the Faraday effect to rotate the polarization direction of light.
Scientists at the University of Texas at Austin found that lookdown fish can manipulate polarized light to create a more effective camouflage system, surpassing the traditional 'mirror' strategy. This discovery has implications for the development of new materials and technologies inspired by nature.
Researchers at ICFO have successfully demonstrated a new quantum-mechanical measurement technique, allowing for the observation of spinning electrons in atoms without disturbing them. This achievement exceeds the standard quantum limit and paves the way for the observation of individual atoms.
Researchers have demonstrated the strongest signal yet of the photonic spin Hall effect using metamaterials, enabling control over light propagation and manipulation of information encoded on polarization. The finding opens up possibilities for new technologies, including highly coveted 'flat lenses' and management of light polarizatio...
Physicists at University of Rochester and University of Ottawa have made direct measurements of light's polarization states for the first time. This breakthrough overcomes key challenges to Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, enabling faster quantum information processing.
Researchers found that silvery fish have evolved a multilayer structure in their skin containing two types of guanine crystals, allowing them to maintain high reflectivity and conceal themselves from predators. This adaptation could lead to better optical devices, such as LED lights and low-loss optical fibers.
Researchers have developed a new 3D display technology that eliminates the need for glasses, using a single front projector against a screen to create depth cues. The method, which uses polarizers and a specialized coating on the screen, shows promise for cost-effective and space-efficient 3D displays.
The new technology allows approximately 90% of unpolarized light to be polarized and used by the projector, reducing heat generation and enabling more compact designs. This innovation has significant implications for LC projectors, including longer battery life and increased brightness with reduced power consumption.
Researchers fabricated optically active, three-dimensional structures using DNA origami to tailor visible light properties. The study enables the preparation of self-assembling metamaterials and novel optical lens systems.
Researchers at Harvard University have developed a new type of tunable color filter that uses optical nanoantennas to control color output. The filters can produce a range of colors by changing the polarization of the light illuminating them, with potential applications in televisions and biomedical imaging.
Cuttlefish have been found to possess the most acute polarization vision yet discovered in any animal, with sensitivity to differences as small as one degree. This remarkable ability allows them to perceive and communicate through polarized light, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of underwater camouflage and communication.
Research suggests that zebra stripes are the least attractive pattern for voracious horseflies, potentially explaining their evolution. The study found that narrower stripes were less appealing to flies, with striped patterns attracting fewer insects than white or dark models.
A new circular polarization filter developed by a collaborative team of scientists has the potential to enhance vision through dust and clouds, improve early cancer detection, and even enhance 3D movie experiences. The filter allows users to measure the polarization state of light quickly and efficiently.
The camera converts polarization images into false color images to represent different polarizations of light. Preliminary results suggest a complex visual world under water with evidence of communication and camouflage.
Researchers at the University of Washington discovered that fruit flies use polarization patterns of natural skylight to maintain their heading while traveling. This finding suggests that many insects possess a navigational system, which could be studied using genetics research.
Astronomers will use a new telescope called X-Calibur to study the polarization of X-rays, providing information about cosmic sources that is not available elsewhere. The instrument will be sensitive to hard X-rays and will be flown at an altitude of 40 kilometers, allowing it to focus on celestial objects with high accuracy.
A new study explores whether a polarized filter can enhance colposcopy, allowing doctors to detect early signs of cervical cancer more accurately. The approach has shown promise in reducing unnecessary biopsies and surgeries, particularly in young women where normal cell types can be difficult to distinguish.
Researchers at Rice University have created a technique to control plasmonic scattering from nanoparticles using liquid crystals. By applying an electric field, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules can be manipulated, acting as a shutter to switch the nanorods' signals like a traffic light.
Physicists at City College of New York develop a new way to map spiraling light, which can harness untapped data capacity in optical fibers. The Higher Order Poincaré Sphere model reduces complex light patterns to single equations, enabling novel physics and engineering efforts.
Researchers at UCLA have created a novel concept for harvesting and recycling energy from LCD screens, which can convert ambient light into electricity. This technology has the potential to improve the efficiency of LCD displays and potentially harvest 75% of wasted photons from LCD backlights.
Researchers have developed a novel waveplate technology inspired by the peacock mantis shrimp's eye, which can improve high-definition CD, DVD, and holographic technology. The new waveplates offer broader polarized light capabilities over the entire visual spectrum.
Researchers at the National University of Singapore have invented a graphene-based polarizer that can broaden the bandwidth of prevailing optical fibre-based telecommunication systems. This innovation uses graphene to convert light beams into polarized light, enabling multiple-channel high-speed optical communications.
Researchers at EPFL and EMPA developed a technique to improve control over laser parameters, including wavelength and polarization. This innovation boosts high-speed optical fiber communications with reduced errors, while also enabling energy-efficient lasers and precise spectroscopic applications.
Research in unconventional polarization states of light has the potential to affect a broad range of disciplines. Beams with certain geometrical symmetries can create small focal regions of axially polarized light, essential for interacting with nanostructures and coupling to fields tightly confined to metal surfaces.
A Caltech-led team has engineered a simple yet versatile material that bends light in the 'wrong' direction, making it ideal for efficient light collection in solar cells. The novel negative-index metamaterial can handle light with any polarization over a broad range of incident angles.
University of Michigan engineers have found that light can cause rigid nanoparticles to twist into complex shapes. This discovery could lead to breakthroughs in superchiral materials, invisibility cloaks, and novel applications in drug delivery, microfluidics, and lithography.
Researchers found that gamma rays originate closer to one light year from black holes than expected, and the jet curves as it travels away from the black hole. This new understanding of blazar jets requires a rethinking of their structure and poses challenges for theorists trying to construct such jets.
Researchers discovered mantis shrimp eyes can convert linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light, a crucial function in CD and DVD players. This natural mechanism works across the entire visible spectrum, outperforming human-made quarter-wave plates.
The Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer (GEMS) mission, led by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, will measure cosmic X-ray polarization. It aims to detect dozens of sources and provide insights into extreme environments, such as black holes and supernova remnants.
Researchers have developed a new technique to detect individual neutral atoms, which is more accurate and sensitive than previous methods. The system uses a novel means of altering laser light polarization to 'see' the scattered photons, allowing for real-time detection with a speed of less than one-millionth of a second.
Researchers at NIST create device to detect chirality in molecules, which could indicate presence of life. The technique may be used to search for extraterrestrial life by analyzing light reflected from planetary surfaces.
A new detection technique using polarized light helps accurately measure aerosol composition, size, and global distribution. The Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor instrument measures aerosols over land, providing greater accuracy compared to previous methods.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have developed a method to filter out interfering signals in LIBS, allowing for more accurate analysis of suspected bombs and other hazardous materials. By using polarizing filters, they improved sensitivity while reducing costs.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a new type of LED with improved lighting performance and energy efficiency. The new polarization-matched LED exhibits an 18% increase in light output and a 22% increase in wall-plug efficiency.
Researchers found that polarized light reflected from dark surfaces like roads, windows, and oil spills can overwhelm natural cues for animals. This can lead to insects laying eggs on the wrong surface, disrupting food webs and causing population crashes, as well as predators following misdirected prey into danger.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment reveals that polarized light pollution can trigger animal behaviors leading to injury and death. Artificial light sources can attract or repulse animals, causing them to migrate incorrectly, choose poor nesting sites, or become trapped by reflective surfaces.
A new paper in Optics Express envisions a future with widespread use of LED lights, offering significant energy savings and environmental benefits. LEDs are predicted to save more than $1 trillion in energy costs over 10 years and lead to substantial reductions in carbon dioxide emissions.
Researchers found that midges prefer ponds with high polarization levels, which may be related to nutrient content. This discovery could help control midge numbers and minimize cholera transmission by offering alternative, polarized light-reflecting water sources.