Articles tagged with Light Scattering
Researchers have developed precision-guided epidurals using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to reduce pain and complications. OCT also enables better blood monitors that measure oxygen saturation and flow rates without contrast agents.
Researchers have discovered five new debris disks around young stars in the Hubble archive, providing insights into planetary system formation and evolution. The disks are composed of dust particles formed from asteroid collisions and offer a glimpse into the early solar system.
Researchers have developed a new optical device that can measure blood coagulation parameters in near real time, enabling timely diagnosis and treatment of bleeding patients. The device uses laser speckle rheology to detect changes in blood sample patterns, providing insights into clotting time and fibrinogen concentration.
Researchers at the University of Illinois discovered that modeling secondary light emission as Raman scattering can predict its dependence on laser power and wavelength, leading to improved biological and medical imaging modalities. This breakthrough has significant implications for surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
Tropical Depression 33W rapidly weakened, with only two isolated areas of heavy rainfall remaining. The depression was expected to move northeast and dissipate over the next day due to high vertical wind shear.
A new method to detect and identify molecules has been discovered by Richard Martel's team, enabling the use of optical scanners to pinpoint particles. The technique uses nanoprobes composed of dye molecules aligned inside carbon nanotubes, which amplify Raman signals up to a million times stronger than other molecules.
Researchers found that reindeer eyes change color in response to seasonal changes in light levels, from gold in summer to blue in winter. This adaptation helps them see better in the limited light of winter, increasing their sensitivity to detect moving predators.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara discovered that female common market squid possess two distinct systems for reflecting light: Bragg reflection and Mie scattering. These systems allow the squid to switch between transparent and white colors, with the latter appearing as a result of condensation and dehydration of reflectins-based proteins.
Scientists developed a new SERS sensor with high sensitivity and reproducibility, detecting a specific organic species in low concentrations. The sensor uses vertically arranged carbon nanotubes to amplify Raman-scattered light signals.
Researchers developed a new model to simulate cloth accurately in animated movies and video games, addressing existing limitations. The model uses a novel approach to simulate light interaction with cloth, treating fabric as a mesh of interwoven microcylinders.
Researchers at MIT have discovered a new platform that enables dramatic manipulation of organic molecules' emission by suspending them on top of a carefully designed planar slab with a periodic array of holes. This platform has important implications for applications such as bio-imaging, bio-molecular detection and the development of o...
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have developed a method to steer the radiation emitted by a random laser into a pre-determined direction. This breakthrough allows for the creation of a new type of light source with potentially useful applications.
The NASA Hubble Space Telescope has confirmed the presence of a true blue planet, HD 189733b, by detecting changes in light color as it passes behind its star. The observations indicate a deep blue color due to a hazy atmosphere with high clouds containing silicate particles.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed nano-volcanoes that can store precise amounts of materials and control the release of drugs. The structures are created by shining light through a nanoscale 'crystal ball', allowing for precise control over their shape and size.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have successfully developed a new type of laser that uses electricity instead of light, requiring significantly less energy to operate. The device produces a coherent beam of light and has potential applications in various fields, including optical communication and medical surgery.
A new portable and real-time airborne asbestos detector has been developed using a laser-based light scattering technique. The device can identify asbestos fibers on-site, reducing the risk of lung cancers such as mesothelioma.
Researchers discovered that corals' skeletons scatter light differently, affecting algae retention and survival. This phenomenon helps predict coral reef response to climate change stressors, shedding light on preservation strategies.
The new device uses a polymer sheet with fluorescent particles to capture incoming light and channel it to an array of sensors. This allows for the creation of high-resolution images without any internal components or electronics. The technology has potential applications in user interface devices that can respond to gestures alone.
A Stanford researcher has developed a non-invasive technique to measure the mechanical properties of an intact spider web, revealing surprising variations in stiffness and supercontraction. The study provides insights into the behavior of nature's strongest material and its potential applications in engineering bio-inspired materials.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new organic solar cell design that maximizes light trapping using a geometric pattern inspired by natural evolution. The design achieved a three-fold increase over the Yablonovitch Limit, a thermodynamic limit for photon trapping in semiconductors.
Researchers demonstrate Anderson localization of light for the first time, showing waves no longer spread if defects are within one wavelength apart, exceeding previously thought threshold.
A compact, portable Raman spectrometer using a green laser pointer detects extremely minute traces of hazardous chemicals in real-time. The system's modular design enables rapid field deployment to disaster zones and areas with security concerns.
A team of Italian researchers has developed a new microscopy technique called confocal light sheet microscopy (CLSM) that improves the resolution and contrast of images of the brain's neural pathways. CLSM enables scientists to obtain high-resolution views of tissue samples with a resolution of a few microns and faster acquisition time.
Caltech engineers enable focusing of light deep into biological tissue, opening up possibilities for non-invasive diagnoses and treatments. The technique uses ultrasound waves to shift the frequency of light, allowing for image creation without scattering effects.
Researchers at Stanford and Penn have developed an invisible photodetector that uses plasmonic cloaking to detect light. The device features silicon nanowires covered by a thin gold cap, which cancels out reflected light through destructive interference, rendering the device invisible.
Researchers found that giant squids' large eyes collect more light, improving their ability to detect small contrast differences and bioluminescence. The boost in detecting low-light differences is critical for spotting approaching sperm whales, but the squid's escape is not entirely dependent on its eye size.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a method to make 3D objects invisible using carbon nanotube forests. By growing a forest of low-density aligned carbon nanotubes on top of an object, it can absorb light and scatter reflections, effectively camouflaging its structure.
Using Fourier Transform Light Scattering (FTLS), the UIUC team analyzed light scattering patterns from RBCs to identify healthy cell signatures. The Born approximation model enabled accurate detection of misshapen cells in just a few seconds.
Researchers developed a breakthrough sensor using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) that boosts faint signals, allowing identification of substances based on reflected light color. The chip's design features uniform rows of tiny pillars made of metals and insulators, significantly boosting the Raman signal.
Researchers controlled light scattering in graphene by manipulating quantum pathways, providing a new tool for studying this unique material. By controlling the excitation pathways, they can control the light emission, which has practical applications for controlling electronic states in graphene nanodevices.
Scientists can now focus light to a controllable position within tissue, overcoming the challenges of scattering in biological tissues. This breakthrough technology uses an ultrasound guide star and time-reversal mirror to create high-resolution images of objects within tissue.
Rice University researchers have developed a technique to measure the temperature of molecules using Raman spectroscopy and an optical antenna. They found that they could detect temperature fluctuations of up to 20 degrees in the molecules, which will be useful for the molecular electronics community.
Researchers develop a microdroplet 3D laser system using cholesteric liquid crystals, producing the world's first practical three-dimensional laser. The design is small, tunable, cheap, and can be made by millions in seconds.
A new imaging technique, combining photoacoustic tomography and a smart contrast agent, produces three-dimensional images of melanoma with high accuracy. This enables surgeons to remove only the malignant tissue while maintaining clean margins.
Researchers at EMBL developed a technique to capture high-quality images of fruit fly embryos and zebrafish development, revealing previously unseen details. By combining multiple images and angles, scientists can now study complex processes in real-time.
A new technique developed by Rice University researchers can detect the movement of single molecules over hours using plasmonic properties of nanoparticles. This method is label-free and permanent, enabling the tracking of molecular interactions at the single-molecule limit.
A new endoscopic scanning technique called EPSS has been developed to detect dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus, a precursor to esophageal cancer. The technique uses polarized light scattering spectroscopy to identify cellular changes on a subcellular scale, enabling early detection and potentially improving treatment outcomes.
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite reported that Tropical Depression 01W's rainfall is now light and widely scattered. The storm has made landfall and is dissipating over Vietnam and Cambodia, bringing light rain to some areas.
A new high-resolution panorama of the Milky Way has been created by physicist Axel Mellinger, showcasing stars 1000 times fainter than human eyes can see. The image, taken over 22 months and covering 26,000 miles, accounts for distortions and varying background light to produce a seamless fit.
Research found that light and photosynthesis aid in bacterial internalization within lettuce leaves. This makes the bacteria impervious to washing and food sanitizers. The study suggests that the increased internalization is due to open stomata allowing nutrient uptake during photosynthesis.
A multi-laboratory study has updated ASTM guidelines for measuring nanoparticle size, incorporating statistically evaluated data from 26 laboratories. The results provide a valuable benchmark for labs measuring nanoparticles, which is crucial in biotech applications where nanoparticle size affects cell response.
Researchers create a holographic microscope that records three-dimensional movies of microscopic systems like biological molecules. The technique uses a collimated laser beam to generate and record images, providing detailed information about the object's size, composition, and position.
Researchers have discovered that nocturnal mammals' rod cell nuclei are inverted, allowing for reduced light scatter and enhanced low-light vision. This unusual organization enables these animals to perceive light as much as a millionth of daylight's intensity.
Scientists have designed nanosensors that can detect specific molecules, such as poisons and proteins, in transport screening situations or patients' blood samples. The sensors use a unique interaction between two metallic nanostructures to scatter light differently, allowing for highly sensitive detection.
A Rochester Institute of Technology scientist improved Hubble's Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer calibration to enable high-precision polarimetry. This technique helps scientists study active galactic nuclei and proto-planets around young stars.
Researchers at Duke University discovered that gold nanostars can dramatically enhance the reflected light, making them useful as tracers, labels, or contrast agents. The size and shape of the nanostars affect the spectrum of reflected light, allowing for 'tuning' to identify specific molecules or chemicals.
A team of Chinese scientists has developed an 'anti-cloak' material that can partially cancel the effect of invisibility cloaks, enabling visibility in hostile environments. This breakthrough could have implications for survival and detection applications.
An international team produced two of the brightest, sharpest x-ray holograms of microscopic objects ever made, with resolutions of up to 50 nanometers. The technique used is called massively parallel x-ray Fourier-transform holography with 'coded apertures', inspired by the pinhole camera.
Researchers have created a more efficient photon mapping approach to reduce computational cost in creating realistic smoky and foggy 3-D images. The new technique, presented at Eurographics 2008, has the potential to increase the reach of ray tracing algorithms into video games and consumer graphics.
Researchers at the University of Washington have created a dramatic improvement in dye-sensitized solar cells by using a popcorn-ball design, which manipulates light to convert solar energy into electricity more efficiently. The new approach doubles the efficiency of converting solar energy to electricity, outperforming previous records.
Scientists have developed a new type of flexible plastic film that combines natural and manmade optical effects, producing a color-changing effect that depends less on viewing angle. The films are made from arrays of spheres stacked in three dimensions, which scatter light and produce intensely colored colors.
Scientists discover extensive 'twilight zone' of particles beyond individual clouds, affecting up to 60% of atmosphere previously labeled as cloud-free. The discovery complicates climate change predictions and may require recalculating estimates of solar energy reflection.
Researchers found significant peripheral asymmetry but a nearly spherical interior, suggesting the explosion propogates at supersonic speed. The team observed 17 supernovae over 10 years and inferred the shape and structure of debris clouds thrown out from Type Ia supernovae.
Researchers at Rice University have discovered a simple geometry where light behaves exactly as electrons do in these systems. This finding has the potential to create nanoscale antennae that convert light into broadband electrical signals, increasing data transmission capabilities by 1 million times.
Researchers developed nanoshells that can detect breast cancer biomarkers and destroy cancer cells using near-infrared light absorption. This combined imaging and therapy method offers a faster and less expensive alternative to existing medical imaging techniques.
Scientists at NIST and Johns Hopkins University have developed a new optical method that can image subsurface structures under skin using polarized light. The method minimizes unwanted light scattering and may eventually be used to produce more detailed images of deeper layers of skin for diagnosing various types of skin cancers.
Researchers at NIST develop a novel optical imaging technique that uses structured illumination to reveal details as small as 40 nanometers. This breakthrough could transform chip-making and other industries by enabling the creation of nanometer-scale features.
Researchers used FUSE data to detect spectrum of ultraviolet light in region with no star, revealing light scattering from dust near bright star. The team hopes to use high spectral resolution to study diffuse background radiation and understand the nature of interstellar dust.
Scientists have developed a new method to isolate the light from compact regions of black holes using polaroid filters. This allows them to focus on the area surrounding the black hole, revealing new signals such as the 'Balmer edge' feature that provides information about material properties.
Researchers have developed thin fiber-optic probes that can be threaded through biopsy needles to ensure accurate targeting and diagnose breast cancer with over 90% accuracy. The technology holds potential to minimize trauma and improve procedure speed.