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Life Sciences

Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.

447,757 articles | 2542 topics

Health and Medicine

Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.

431,843 articles | 751 topics

Social Sciences

Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.

260,756 articles | 745 topics

Physical Sciences

Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.

257,913 articles | 1552 topics

Applied Sciences and Engineering

Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.

225,386 articles | 998 topics

Scientific Community

Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.

193,043 articles | 157 topics

Space Sciences

Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.

29,662 articles | 175 topics

Research Methods

Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.

21,889 articles | 139 topics

Mathematics

Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.

3,023 articles | 113 topics

Optical control of magnetic memory -- New insights into fundamental mechanisms

Researchers have made an important step toward understanding optically controlled magnetic storage devices, finding that laser light plays a key role in toggling magnetisation alignments. The study reveals the formation of a ring-shaped region around the tiny laser spot and its impact on the material's temperature distribution.

Researchers create magnetic RAM

A team of researchers has developed a novel type of memory called magnetoelectric memory, which reduces energy consumption by a factor of 10,000. This breakthrough technology could enable instant device startup and lower energy costs in computing hardware applications.

A breakthrough in 'dead layer' of antiferromagnet

Researchers at University of Science and Technology of China have developed a new type of synthetic antiferromagnet with correlated oxide multilayers, overcoming the 'dead layer' effect that hindered previous progress. The team achieved layer-resolved magnetic switching in La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/CaRu1/2Ti1/2O3/NdGaO3 multilayers.

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Green IT: New switching process in non-volatile spintronics devices

Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have developed a new switching process for non-volatile spintronics devices using asymmetric nanorings. The process involves applying a short magnetic field pulse, which leads to an intermediate 'onion state' and subsequently results in a stable opposite magnetization of the ring.

Nanomagnets for future data storage

Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a method to create nanoparticles with dysprosium atoms that can be magnetised and maintain their magnetic information. The scientists are now looking to stabilise the magnetisation at higher temperatures and longer periods of time.

Manipulating magnetic textures

A group of researchers has developed a method to control magnetism by curving nanomagnets, inducing chiral textures within the magnetization field. This discovery could lead to stable vortex-antivortex pairs for future data storage and random access memory devices.

When ultrafast laser pulse meets magnetic materials

The study examines the impact of ultrafast laser pulses on ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films with epitaxial grown BiFeO3 coating layers. Researchers observe distinct oscillations in magnetization precession, which are attributed to the suppression of anisotropy by BFO coating layers and exchange interaction across the interface.

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Cerium hexaboride challenges physicists to come up with new theory

Researchers discovered unusual phenomena in a single cerium hexaboride crystal, exceeding theoretical expectations and sparking new research directions. The study offers a way to test the validity of accepted scientific theories, emphasizing the importance of recognizing fundamental results over practical applications.

The hot attraction of gold

Researchers at Tohoku University have discovered that gold can be magnetized by applying heat. The non-equilibrium anomalous Hall effect (nAHE) was observed in the gold film due to the heat flow, indicating the evolution of magnetization. This discovery has potential applications in thermoelectric devices and spintronics.

New ferromagnetic superconductors AEuFe4As4 (A = Rb, Cs)

Researchers have discovered a new ferromagnetic superconductor, CsEuFe4As4, where both bulk superconductivity and full ferromagnetism are realized simultaneously. The material exhibits robust SC and FM, with the ferromagnetic ordering demonstrated by field-dependent magnetization.

Tohoku University demonstrates sub-nanosecond operation of nonvolatile memory

Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a new-structure nonvolatile magnetic memory device that achieves sub-nanosecond operation with minimal current consumption. The device overcomes limitations of existing nonvolatile memories and is expected to enable the creation of high-performance microcontroller units for IoT applications.

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A new-structure magnetic memory device developed

A new-structure magnetic memory device utilizing spin-orbit-torque-induced magnetization switching has been successfully developed by Tohoku University researchers. The device boasts ultrafast magnetization reversal timescales and potential benefits for power-efficient integrated circuits.

Spinning better electronic devices

UC Riverside researchers have successfully transmitted electrical signals through insulators in a sandwich-like structure, potentially revolutionizing electronic device efficiency. The breakthrough exploits the 'spin' of electrons rather than their charge, enabling new generations of spintronic devices.

New physics and application of antiferromagnet uncovered

Researchers at Tohoku University discovered a new physics of antiferromagnets, where an applied current induces magnetization switching in neighboring ferromagnets. The findings enable the development of ultralow-power integrated circuits and neuromorphic computing devices with fast and reliable control.

Earth not due for a geomagnetic flip in the near future

A new MIT study found that Earth's geomagnetic field intensity is double the long-term historical average, indicating it has a long way to fall before reaching an unstable level. This suggests that the current field intensity has a long buffer zone, making a reversal less likely in the near future.

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Superconductivity trained to promote magnetization

Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University have discovered a phenomenon where superconductivity promotes magnetization under certain conditions. This finding could lead to the development of spintronics devices that are more energy-efficient and stable, potentially replacing traditional computing methods.

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Mercury's core dynamo present early in planet's history

Scientists have discovered a magnetization signal emanating from an ancient region of Mercury's crust, indicating the presence of a dynamo-driven magnetic field 3.8 billion years ago. This finding suggests that Mercury's core dynamo has persisted for billions of years.

Chemists control structure to unlock magnetization and polarization simultaneously

Researchers at the University of Liverpool have successfully controlled a material's structure to generate both magnetisation and electrical polarisation, two contradictory properties. This breakthrough has significant implications for low-energy information technology applications, such as efficient information storage and logic devices.

Scientists film magnetic memory in super slo-mo

Researchers at DESY used high-speed photography to observe the formation of magnetic microvortices in ultrafast memory cells. The study provides a better understanding of magnetic storage materials and their dynamics, with potential implications for faster and better data storage media.

New electron spin secrets revealed

Researchers have found a novel link between magnetism and electricity, enabling the generation of high-frequency alternating currents. This breakthrough could lead to new detection techniques for magnetic information and improve spintronics technology.

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Speeding up data storage by a thousand times with 'spin current'

Researchers at TU/e Eindhoven University of Technology have developed a new technology that can store data a thousand times faster than current methods by utilizing the 'spin current' property of electrons. This innovation enables faster switch times and opens up possibilities for future optical computer chips.

Magnetic switch gets closer to application

Researchers have successfully switched on and off robust ferromagnetism close to room temperature using moderate electric fields. The new magnetic switch has the potential to revolutionize spintronics and data storage technologies with its ability to control magnetization at low power.

Numerical validation of quantum magnetic ordering

Researchers used numerical simulations to validate previous theoretical predictions for antiferromagnetic materials, confirming a universal law relating the Néel temperature and staggered magnetisation density. However, discrepancies were found, highlighting the need for further investigation.

Domain walls as new information storage medium

Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz directly observe magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanowires, discovering oscillating domain wall velocities. The study's findings have important implications for the development of ultra-fast rotating sensors and new information storage mediums.

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Origin of ultra-fast manipulation of domain walls discovered

An international team has found a surprising effect that leads to spatially varying magnetization manipulation on an ultrafast timescale in ferromagnetic materials. This discovery could be key to further miniaturization and performance increase of magnetic data storage devices.

The laws of attraction: Making magnetic yeast

Researchers at Harvard Medical School have successfully induced magnetization in yeast cells by manipulating their iron transport system. This breakthrough provides new insights into the mechanisms of magnetization and its potential applications, including bioprocessing, tissue engineering, and therapeutic cell tracking. The study's fi...

Locating the elusive

Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have engineered a material that exhibits both electrically charged (ferroelectric) and magnetic (ferromagnetic) properties, controlled by electricity. This 'multiferroic' material has potential for multi-state data storage in computers, offering cost-effectiveness compared to existing materials.

The art of magnetic writing

Researchers at ICN2 have developed a new technique to write magnetic data, eliminating the need for cumbersome magnetic fields and providing simple, reversible writing of memory elements. This breakthrough could lead to non-volatile MRAMs, allowing instant power-up and significant energy savings.

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Ultra-fast magnetic reversal observed

Researchers have discovered a new phenomenon that enables ultrafast magnetic reversal, which could lead to significantly faster data storage. The study found that certain atoms can reverse their magnetization in as little as 300 femtoseconds, making it possible for magnetic memory to operate at terahertz speeds.

Enhancing the magnetism

Researchers at Berkeley Lab have enhanced spontaneous magnetization in special versions of bismuth ferrite, creating a stable nanoscale mixture of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases. This allows for electric control of magnetization at room temperature, opening the door to spintronic devices.

Progress toward terabit-rate high-density recording

Scientists have made significant progress toward creating ultra-high-density storage devices capable of storing more than 6,000 Terabits of data on a single disc. Using laser-assisted ultrafast magnetization reversal dynamics, researchers achieved sub-nanosecond recording times.

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Researchers seeking the 4th property of electrons

Scientists aim to measure electron's electric dipole moment using sensitive ceramic and SQUID magnetometer. A possible imbalance in matter and antimatter could be explained by this tiny electric dipole moment.

Sophisticated nano-structures assembled with magnets

Scientists at Duke University have created intricate nano-structures by manipulating magnetization of a liquid solution, enabling the formation of complex shapes like Saturn and flowers. The resulting structures can be fixed and used as building blocks for various applications.

Nano-layer of ruthenium stabilizes magnetic sensors

A thin layer of ruthenium modulates interactions between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic films, stabilizing the magnetization and enhancing device sensitivity. Thicker buffers result in more sensitive devices, while thinner buffers improve resistance to external fields.

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Nanomagnets bend the rules

Researchers find nanomagnets exhibit 'upturn' in magnetization due to Bose-Einstein condensation, challenging Bloch's temperature law. This new understanding can predict high rate of saturation magnetization in ferromagnetic nanocomposites.