Articles tagged with Nuclear Physics
Researchers have identified four distinct thorium-229 sites in calcium fluoride, which affects the nuclear transition and is crucial for future solid-state nuclear clocks. The study provides foundational data for designing compact nuclear clocks, enabling advances in navigation, synchronized communication, and precision measurement.
Researchers from Sophia University quantitatively evaluated the extent to which matter produced in oxygen collisions reaches thermal equilibrium. They found a clear transition as collision activity increased, with a persistent non-equilibrated component persisting even in the most central collisions.
Physicists at Osaka Metropolitan University have performed a full calculation within Glauber theory, overcoming computational challenges to accurately reproduce experimental data. The results demonstrate that the full Glauber calculation can provide a reliable framework for predicting nuclear collision outcomes.
Physicists recreate primordial matter by smashing small atomic nuclei, revealing a bowling-pin-shaped pattern that provides insights into atomic nuclei. The research, published in Physical Review Letters, could lead to a paradigm shift in understanding nuclear structure and the strong force.
Simulations have revealed the strongest accelerations ever produced on earth, opening a new dimension in QCD research. The peak proper acceleration reaches several hundred MeV at both low and high collision energies, depending only weakly on the collision's head-on nature.
Two Lehigh University AI projects have been selected for funding from the Department of Energy's Genesis Mission. The RIVER-AI project will improve flood- and water-level prediction, while the REACT project aims to accelerate reactor-scale fusion energy by developing an AI-enabled digital twin. These awards strengthen Lehigh University...
Scientists have successfully prepared and studied radium molecules precisely with lasers in tabletop experiments, marking a breakthrough in understanding the universe's matter-antimatter asymmetry. The new method can be applied to other atoms to create similarly chilled molecules.
Researchers at Penn State found that adjusting the atomic arrangement of structural metals in molten salt reactors can significantly affect corrosion rates. The study's findings highlight the importance of material stability and chemical interactions between salts, metals, and mechanical stress.
BL18U1 supports the determination of numerous high-quality crystal structures, with most structures in the 1.5–2.5 Å range. The beamline has consistently delivered excellent results in lysozyme experiments and demonstrated long-wavelength anomalous diffraction capability.
The Huizhou Hadron Spectrometer aims to transform light hadron physics with its ultra-high event rate capability of 1–100 MHz. The spectrometer will accumulate large samples of η mesons, enabling searches for dark photons and dark Higgs bosons.
Researchers developed a novel method to predict physical phenomena without estimating parameters, reducing computational challenges. The new approach uses a multiparameter eigenvalue-problem emulator to directly predict unknown observables.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have made new constraints on dark matter particles using precision measurements of barium monofluoride molecules. The study found bounds on hypothetical Z' bosons that mediate electron-nucleus interactions, potentially shedding light on dark matter.
An international research team at the Mainz Microtron MAMI achieved the most precise measurement of hypertriton binding energy to date, revealing it is significantly more strongly bound than earlier experiments suggested. This breakthrough provides new insights into the interaction between hyperons and nucleons.
Researchers have observed evidence of a new type of mesic nucleus, which could provide insight into the vacuum structure and mass generation mechanism. The discovery was made using a high-precision experiment at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Germany.
A deep neural network model has achieved global precision in predicting nuclear charge density distributions, surpassing traditional methods by over 50% accuracy. The model's innovative approach combines physical mechanisms with artificial intelligence to provide a unified description of charge density and charge radius.
The GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH has discovered a total of 192 nuclear isomers, more than any other research facility worldwide. Dr. Ivan Kojouharov is responsible for 143 of these discoveries, making him the top co-discoverer globally.
JUNO unveils an immersive VR-based visualization framework for complex detector geometries and event information, transcending traditional methods. The Unity-powered platform enables precise control and interaction within a three-dimensional space, facilitating comprehensive inspection of detector structures and physics events.
A novel technical approach employs high-energy electrons to directly irradiate a flowing molten salt target containing natural uranium, generating 99Mo primarily through the photofission reaction of 238U. This method mitigates nuclear proliferation risks and offers substantial advantages in terms of material security.
Researchers introduced transfer learning into muon tomography to address data limitations and improve material identification. The approach achieved high prediction accuracy, especially when combined with physics-guided sampling.
A team of physicists identified the dominant mechanism responsible for energy release in molybdenum-93m using high-precision experiments. Inelastic nuclear scattering is confirmed to be the primary driver of isomer depletion under experimental conditions, contradicting previous hypotheses about nuclear excitation by electron capture.
Ryan Milton, a fourth-year doctoral student in nuclear physics, has been awarded a US Department of Energy's Office of Science Graduate Student Research Fellowship to conduct AI-based research at SLAC. He will develop novel AI-based analysis methods to better understand proton and neutron behavior in nuclei.
The study explores the dissociation of heavy quarkonium in the QGP medium using a Bayesian holographic QCD model, revealing its deconfinement mechanism. Key findings include the influence of temperature and chemical potential on thermodynamic properties and dissociation behavior.
A systematic nuclear data evaluation of the five-nucleon 5^He system was performed using the Generalized Reduced R-matrix framework. The study provides reliable cross-sections with improved uncertainties, covering energy ranges up to 46 MeV for neutron-induced reactions and 30 MeV for deuteron-induced reactions.
Researchers at FRIB have measured proton capture on arsenic-73 to produce selenium-74, providing new constraints on the formation and destruction of p-nuclei. This experiment brings closer understanding of rare isotope origins in the universe.
Researchers developed a Bayesian neural network framework to predict thorium-232 fission yields, addressing sparse data gaps and incorporating physical constraints. The approach demonstrates strong agreement with experimental measurements and offers a systematic method for nuclear data evaluation with quantified uncertainties.
Researchers will investigate fundamental properties of unstable atomic nuclei, focusing on neutron-rich and neutron-deficient isotopes. The project aims to improve theoretical models in nuclear structure and understand the origin of chemical elements in nuclear astrophysics.
Researchers from RIKEN and their international collaborators used deep learning techniques to analyze unexamined nuclear emulsion data and identified a new double-Lambda hypernucleus. This is the world's first AI-assisted observation of such an exotic nucleus, providing new insight into neutron star cores.
Researchers from UCLA, LMU, and JGU have successfully excited the atomic nucleus of thorium-229 using laser light in a non-transparent host material. This achievement opens up new avenues for nucleus-based quantum technologies.
Researchers have discovered a new 'Island of Inversion' in the most symmetric region of the nuclear chart, where protons and neutrons equal each other. This finding challenges long-held assumptions about structural inversions and provides insights into fundamental forces that bind matter together.
Scientists at TU Wien have created an alternative production method for Cu-64, a crucial copper isotope used in medicine. By harnessing recoil chemistry and utilizing a specially designed metal–organic complex, they can efficiently separate the desired isotope from ordinary copper.
A team of physicists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz has taken an important step toward answering the question of why lead behaves differently from other atomic nuclei when struck by electrons. The new measurement reveals unexpected behaviour in heavy nuclei, intensifying a long-standing puzzle that current theory cannot explain.
Scientists used four analytical techniques to assess the composition and likely age of lead in the Jordan codices, finding some pages contaminated by environmental interactions. The study suggests that while some parts may be modern, others show characteristics of older lead.
The scientific program includes presentations on new research in exotic and radioactive nuclei, quark-gluon plasma, nucleosynthesis, neutrinos, and more. Registration is now open for news media with valid APS press credentials.
Researchers performed the first ab initio calculation of the hexacontatetrapole E6 transition in 53Fe, revealing unique high-multipole gamma decay mechanism using bare nucleon charges. The study successfully reproduces experimental excitation spectrum and provides reliable predictions for electromagnetic transitions.
The sPHENIX detector precisely measured particles from high-speed collisions, revealing properties of quark-gluon plasma. This achievement enables scientists to reconstruct the early universe's conditions.
Researchers propose a novel strategy to increase production of exotic nuclei near the neutron drip line through multi-step fragmentation of high-energy beams in thick targets. This approach effectively enhances yields of neutron-rich fragments, overcoming limitations imposed by low cross sections.
Researchers at National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology developed a technique to decompose polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into gaseous products using electron beam irradiation. This process reduces energy required by 50% compared to traditional methods, making large-scale recycling of fluoropolymers more viable.
Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have discovered aluminium-20, an unstable isotope that decays via three-proton emission. The study provides insights into the structure and decay of nuclei beyond the proton drip line, shedding light on isospin symmetry breaking.
Researchers at Chinese Academy of Sciences have measured the mass of silicon-22, revealing a new proton magic number. This finding provides deeper insight into exotic nuclear structures and nucleon interactions, shedding light on element formation in the Universe.
Researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University proposed a method for neutron spectrum regulation to enhance the irradiation production efficiency of transuranium isotopes. The new method achieves efficient and precise neutron spectrum optimization, maximizing the production of transuranic isotopes.
Researchers at GSI/FAIR have conducted high-precision measurements of three extremely neutron-rich tin isotopes, revealing unexpected changes in the behavior of tin nuclei beyond N=82. These findings improve our understanding of nuclear forces far from stability and may alter the path of the r-process on the nuclear chart.
A new study presents a unified approach to first principles calculations of Parton physics in hadrons, combining two distinct theoretical approaches for extracting parton distributions. The study uses Large-Momentum Effective Theory (LaMET) and short-distance expansion (SDE), which provide complementary insights into parton behavior.
Researchers developed a five-dimensional Langevin model to accurately predict fission fragment distributions and kinetic energies in medium-mass mercury isotopes. The model captures unusual 'double-humped' fragment mass distribution observed in mercury-180, providing new insights into nuclear shell effects.
A novel observation of enhanced neutron-rich particle emission from out-of-fission-plane has been made in Fermi energy heavy ion reactions. This study uses advanced detection system CSHINE to measure charged particles and fission fragments, providing a vivid view of isospin migration dynamics.
Researchers from Chinese Academy of Sciences have synthesized a new, highly neutron-deficient isotope of protactinium, protactinium-210. The discovery validates the facility's capability for studying heavy and superheavy nuclei.
A recent study published in Physics Letters B reveals that quarks can defy expectations when hit by high-energy electrons, challenging long-held ideas about symmetry in nuclear physics. The research team's findings may impact how future experiments interpret quark behavior and the structure of matter.
An international team identified a new region of heavy, neutron-deficient isotopes where nuclear fission is predominantly governed by an asymmetric mode. The research found increasingly asymmetric fission in these nuclei, characterized by light krypton fragments, marking the discovery of a new island in the nuclear chart.
Researchers at SLEGS have made high-precision measurements of the 27Al(γ,n) cross section, resolving existing data discrepancies and providing more accurate nuclear reaction models. The study's innovative detector design and laser Compton scattering beams enabled direct comparisons with global datasets.
Researchers at University of Jyväskylä have discovered a new path to measuring electron antineutrino mass using the beta decay of silver-110 isomer. The study reveals a positive Q value and low energy release, making it an attractive candidate for future antineutrino experiments.
A novel model predicts critical energy barriers governing heavy-ion fusion reactions with high accuracy, enabling the synthesis of superheavy nuclei and improving nuclear physics experiments. The model's effective nucleus-nucleus potential combines Skyrme energy density functional with reaction Q-values.
Researchers at A1 Collaboration successfully produced hydrogen-6 in an electron scattering experiment, challenging current understanding of multi-nucleon interactions. The measurement revealed a stronger interaction between neutrons within the nucleus than expected, indicating a lower ground-state energy for ⁶H.
Three UTA faculty members, Kyrah Brown, Ben Jones, and J. Ping Liu, received top honors for their groundbreaking research contributions. Brown's interdisciplinary work focuses on reproductive and cardiac health among women, while Jones' research explores neutrinos to understand the universe's mysteries.
The University of Missouri is partnering with a consortium to design and license a new research reactor, NextGen MURR, which will produce critical medical isotopes for cancer treatment. The project aims to enhance Missouri's role as a leader in nuclear science and medical research.
Physicists have shown that particles produced in 'jets' retain information about their origins in subatomic particle smashups. The study establishes a direct connection between the 'entanglement entropy' at the earliest stage of jet formation and the particles that emerge as a jet evolves.
Researchers Mohamed Gad-el-Hak and James J. Riley from VCU and the University of Washington found that Van Gogh's painting does not adhere to Kolmogorov's theory of turbulent flow. Instead, they argue that the swirling patterns in 'The Starry Night' are a result of its abstract nature.
The thorium-229 nuclear optical clock has the potential to achieve a very high-precision time and frequency standard due to its unique properties. Despite significant progress, numerous challenges remain, including temperature sensitivity and the scarcity of the isotope.
Jefferson Lab Director Kimberly Sawyer has been named to CoVaBIZ Magazine's 150 Most Influential People List, reflecting the laboratory's positive economic and research impacts on the region. The lab is advancing its research mission, including nuclear physics, data science, and particle accelerators.
RHIC physicists will complete data collection for one of the collider's central goals: creating and studying a unique form of matter known as a quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The QGP is expected to provide crucial insights for the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), which will be built by reusing components of RHIC.
A team at University of Queensland has made a breakthrough in muonic atom research, showing that nuclear polarisation does not limit studies of muonic atoms. The finding provides a clear path for using muonic atoms to better understand the magnetic structure of the nucleus.
Physicists have measured a nuclear reaction that can occur in neutron star collisions, providing direct experimental data for a process previously only theorized. The study provides new insight into how the universe's heaviest elements are forged, with potential applications in nuclear reactor physics.