Articles tagged with Nuclear Physics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Using laser spectroscopy techniques, researchers traced the evolution of fermium nuclei's nuclear charge radius as neutrons were added. The results indicate a reduced influence of localized nuclear shell effects on the nucleus's size.
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have demonstrated that complex calculations can accurately predict the distribution of electric charges in mesons. The new predictions match measurements from low-energy experiments and extend into the high-energy regime planned for future collider experiments.
Researchers have developed a new method to image nuclear shapes using high-energy particle smashups at RHIC, revealing subtle details about atomic nuclei. This technique complements lower energy methods and has implications for fields like nuclear fission, neutron stars, and exotic particle decay.
Physicist Volker D. Burkert is honored for his pioneering work on high-performance instrumentation, leading to breakthroughs in fundamental nuclear physics. His research has revealed new insights into the structure of protons and nuclei, including the discovery that the peak pressure inside a proton exceeds that found in neutron stars.
Four Jefferson Lab staff members have been named APS Fellows for their exceptional contributions to physics, including innovative particle accelerator design and world-leading research on quarks. The American Physical Society recognizes fellows who have made significant impacts on the field of physics.
Physicists use lattice quantum chromodynamics to calculate how quarks and gluons interact within the proton, revealing a 3D picture of parton distributions. This approach helps explain the proton's spin and distribution of matter, with implications for understanding particle interactions.
Researchers from Okayama University successfully controlled the population of the thorium-229 isomeric state using X-rays, a crucial step towards building a compact and portable nuclear clock. This achievement demonstrates the potential for nuclear clocks to advance fundamental physics research and other applications such as GPS systems.
Debaditya Biswas combines different particle identification methods with machine learning to detect muons hidden in a sea of pions. He plans to simulate reactions and assess the viability of various techniques, including traditional PID, PSD, and machine learning, to optimize muon detection for future experiments.
Researchers unveil previously unseen properties of neutron stars through gravitational wave analysis, providing insight into internal composition and dynamic material properties. The study places observational constraints on viscosity within neutron stars.
Researchers have introduced a novel particle encoding mechanism that addresses longstanding issues in particle identification, enabling precise digital representation of complex particles. This new method is adaptable for future discoveries and has the potential to unlock new frontiers in particle physics.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory's STAR Collaboration have discovered a new kind of antimatter nucleus, antihyperhydrogen-4, composed of four antimatter particles. The discovery was made using the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and analyzed details of collision debris.
A team of researchers has demonstrated a novel way of storing and releasing X-ray pulses at the single photon level, enabling future X-ray quantum technologies. This breakthrough uses nuclear ensembles to create long-lived quantum memories with improved coherence times.
Researchers studied jet energy loss in nucleus-nucleus collisions, revealing a decrease in the jet transport coefficient with increasing medium temperature. This discovery provides a more accurate understanding of jet quenching in high-energy collisions.
Physicists and engineers are exploring magnetrons as drivers of high-performance particle accelerators to reduce their carbon footprint and enable future industrial applications. Magnetrons, originally designed for microwave ovens, have the potential to lower production costs and improve efficiency in various industries.
Scientists have successfully created element 116 using a beam of titanium-50, marking a crucial step towards creating the heaviest element yet, element 120. This achievement validates the method of production and provides a promising path forward for researchers to explore elements at the extremes.
A new study by Osaka Metropolitan University researchers suggests that the nuclear structure of titanium-48 changes depending on its distance from the nucleus. The findings provide clues to the α-decay process in heavy nuclei and could help solve a 100-year-old physics mystery.
Kim Sawyer, a seasoned executive with extensive experience in leadership and strategy, has been appointed as the new director of Jefferson Lab. Sawyer brings a proven track record of driving organizational effectiveness, innovation, and safety culture to her new role.
Researchers uncovered details about nuclear structures using relativistic isobar collisions, highlighting differences in multiplicity distribution and elliptic flow. The study employed advanced models and technology to analyze the effects of nuclear deformations and initial fluctuations on ratio observables.
Researchers have documented a unique two-proton decay mechanism in Magnesium-18, revealing complex interactions between nuclear forces. The study uses advanced techniques to analyze the phenomenon, providing crucial insights into extreme nuclear conditions.
Researchers have proposed a new model explaining neutron star glitches, suggesting that the power-law behavior of glitch energies is due to the formation of twisted clusters of superfluid vortices. The study found that the exponent for the power-law behavior closely matched the observed data.
Sam Haynes, a professor of history at UTA, is recognized for his extensive scholarly output, including four books and several edited volumes. His recent publication won a prize in the study of race, national identity, and power in 19th-century US history. Jaehoon Yu, a physics professor, is honored for his groundbreaking research on th...
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams' (FRIB) precision measurement program has verified the existence of a proton halo around aluminum-22. Researchers used a unique process to create and measure a high-energy beam of the isotope, achieving accurate mass measurements that confirm its rare properties.
Holly Szumila-Vance has won the prestigious 2024 Guido Altarelli Award – Experimental Physics for her outstanding contributions to investigations of color transparency and other nuclear manifestations of QCD. Her work revealed new details of how protons interact with the strong force inside matter, but did not observe color transparent...
A recent study combines experimental data with state-of-the-art calculations to reveal new details on the origins of proton spin. The research shows that gluons, which hold protons together, contribute significantly to the proton's spin, contradicting earlier findings.
Jefferson Lab Director Stuart Henderson has been named to the 2024 Hampton Roads Power List, recognizing his role in expanding the lab's research focus. The lab is now poised to unleash bigger impacts through its expanded mission and lead a $300-500 million data science project.
Researchers at STAR detector observe charged-particle deflection pattern caused by induced electric current in quark-gluon plasma, providing proof of magnetic fields' existence and a new method to measure conductivity. This discovery may aid in unraveling phase transition mysteries between QGP and nuclear matter.
An international research team uses wavefunction matching to overcome computational challenges in ab initio methods for nuclear physics. By transforming realistic high-fidelity interactions into easily computable ones, they can perform accurate calculations that match real-world data on nuclear properties.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have developed an ultra-pure form of silicon that can be used to construct high-performance qubit devices, a crucial component for scalable quantum computers. The breakthrough could enable the creation of one million qubits, which may be fabricated into pinhead-sized devices.
Under Secretary for Science and Innovation Geraldine Richmond visited the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility to discuss its research portfolio diversification efforts. The lab is working to ensure diverse communities have access to its programs, support, and opportunities.
Zhite Yu has been awarded the 2024 J.J. and Noriko Sakurai Dissertation Award in Theoretical Particle Physics for his novel and outstanding doctoral thesis work. He studied the proton's interior using electron-scattering processes and proposed two new methods to overcome limitations, which can provide more information about partonic st...
The Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is receiving a major upgrade thanks to US neutron science facility Jefferson Lab. The final cryomodule has been successfully delivered and will double the power capability of the linear accelerator, enabling next-generation neutron science research. This delivery marks the ...
The US Department of Energy has approved the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a state-of-the-art particle collider for nuclear physics research. The EIC will be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory and funded primarily by the federal government, with a total project cost estimated to be $1.7-2.8 billion.
The American Physical Society's 2024 April meeting will feature approximately 1,700 presentations on various physics topics. The scientific program includes a public lecture on detecting gravitational waves with LISA and a special symposium on big questions for the next decade.
The UK has committed $58.8 million to support the development of the EIC's detector and accelerator infrastructure, a seven-year international collaboration. The EIC aims to study the building blocks of nature, including quarks and gluons, to gain insights into the universe.
For the first time, astronomers have measured the speed of fast-moving jets in space, crucial to star formation and the distribution of elements needed for life. The jets of matter, expelled by stars deemed 'cosmic cannibals', were found to travel at over one-third of the speed of light.
A team from the University of Copenhagen contributed to an Antarctic experiment studying neutrinos, which may hold the answer to whether gravity also exists at the quantum level. The study found no conclusive changes in neutrino properties, but the results do not exclude the possibility of quantum gravity.
Researchers aim to create a nuclear clock using thorium isotopes, which could increase measurement accuracy by a factor of 3. The project uses light with orbital angular momentum to excite the nucleus, emitting photons that can be detected. This technology has the potential to answer fundamental questions in physics and astronomy.
A Rice University team, led by Wei Li, has received a $15.5 million grant to develop an ultra-fast silicon timing detector for the CMS experiment at the LHC. This technology will enable breakthrough science in heavy ion collisions and provide insights into the strong nuclear force.
Researchers from Massey University and Michigan State University discuss the limit of the periodic table with recent advances in superheavy element research. They aim to uncover properties of atoms and nuclei beyond the current atomic number and mass.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have developed a nanocryotron, a prototype for an on-off switch that can amplify weak electrical signals from tiny particles in collider experiments. The device could help facilitate the operation of new particle colliders and improve the accuracy of observations.
The study reveals insights into topological materials by visualizing the motion of coupled pendula, reproducing behaviors of electrons in periodic systems. The researchers directly measure Bloch oscillations and Zener tunneling phenomena, previously impossible to observe in quantum systems.
Researchers at Jefferson Lab shattered a nearly 30-year-old record for parallel spin measurement within an electron beam, achieving unprecedented precision. This achievement sets the stage for high-profile experiments that could lead to groundbreaking discoveries in physics.
Scientists at STAR collaboration observe magnetic field's impact on charged particles, providing new insight into quark-gluon plasma's electrical conductivity. The findings give scientists a way to study QGP's fundamental properties, shedding light on the universe's most powerful magnetic fields.
A team of researchers has successfully created five new isotopes at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, bringing the stars closer to Earth. These isotopes, known as thulium-182, thulium-183, ytterbium-186, ytterbium-187 and lutetium-190, represent a significant milestone in nuclear science and offer new opportunities for experimentation.
Experts summarize the current state of knowledge and challenges in creating superheavy elements. The 'island of enhanced stability' is confirmed experimentally, but its size and location remain unknown. Breakthrough results have been obtained on production, nuclear structure, and chemical properties.
Researchers from the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics demonstrated an effective 'spark plug' for direct-drive methods of inertial confinement fusion (ICF), achieving a plasma hot enough to initiate fusion reactions. The successful experiments use the OMEGA laser system, with the goal of eventually producing fus...
The EIC is a unique facility that will collide high-energy polarized electrons with protons or heavier ions, revealing the structure and properties of atomic nuclei. France's National Center for Scientific Research and U.S. Department of Energy have signed a Statement of Interest to strengthen their joint interest in advancing fundamen...
Researchers at TU Dortmund University have developed a highly durable time crystal that outlasts previous experiments by tens of thousands of times. The team discovered a way to stabilize the crystal using nuclear spins, enabling it to maintain its periodic behavior for up to 40 minutes.
Researchers at Jefferson Lab measure proton's mechanical properties, including internal pressure and shear stress, using a framework connecting gravity to the strong force. This breakthrough reveals new details about the distribution of the strong force inside the proton.
Researchers found an unknown object orbiting a rapidly spinning millisecond pulsar, weighing more than the heaviest neutron stars and less than the lightest black holes. The discovery was made using the MeerKAT Radio Telescope and could reveal new insights into black holes and neutron stars.
Researchers have developed a method to coherently tile multiple titanium:sapphire crystals together, breaking through the current 10-petawatt limit. This technology enables ultra-intense ultrashort lasers with high conversion efficiencies, stable energies, and broadband spectra.
The Applied Research Center (ARC) is transferring ownership to Jefferson Lab, expanding its campus with a dedicated visitor center and science education center. The facility will support the lab's growing mission in high performance computing and data science.
Physicist Alexandre Deur's study of nucleon spin structure has made significant advances in understanding quantum chromodynamics, a theory that describes how quarks and gluons behave. The research, conducted at Jefferson Lab, involves studying the nucleon at high, intermediate, and low beam energies to see how its properties change wit...
Researchers detect ultra-high-energy cosmic ray with an energy level comparable to the 'Oh-My-God' particle, raising questions about its origins. The Amaterasu particle's unusual properties are being further investigated through upgraded experiments and next-generation observatories.
The U.S. Department of Energy and French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission have signed a Statement of Interest to launch the Electron-Ion Collider, a unique facility for exploring matter's building blocks. The agreement aims to strengthen international collaboration and future contributions to the EIC project.
Nine graduate students will collaborate with leading nuclear physicists at Jefferson Lab on cutting-edge projects exploring fundamental forces and particles. The fellowships provide financial support and resources to advance the field of nuclear physics.
Researchers have successfully excited a scandium-45 nuclear isomer using X-ray pulses, paving the way for the creation of the world's most precise clock. The breakthrough has significant implications for fields such as nuclear physics, satellite navigation, and telecommunications.
The Nuclear Science Advisory Committee has released a new long range plan, prioritizing the capitalization of substantial research investments to advance discovery in nuclear physics. The plan recommends increasing the research budget and continuing effective operation of national user facilities.
Researchers at GSI Helmholtzzentrum and RIKEN successfully produced and detected the long-sought oxygen atomic nucleus 28O for the first time. The experiment utilized the meter-high neutron detector NeuLAND, developed for FAIR accelerator center.
The Antihydrogen Laser Physics Apparatus (ALPHA) collaboration has measured gravity's effect on antimatter for the first time, confirming it falls downwards. This breakthrough could help explain the universe's lack of antimatter.