Articles tagged with Nuclear Physics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists studying particle collisions at RHIC have identified a specific mechanism for jet quenching, where individual quarks emit gluons as they interact with the QGP. The results provide new insight into the properties of quark-gluon plasma, which filled the early universe.
Two graduate students from Virginia universities selected to receive support through the Office of Science Graduate Student Research program will conduct research at Jefferson Lab. The program provides world-class training and access to state-of-the-art facilities, aiming to prepare students for critical jobs in science and innovation.
The MARATHON experiment has accessed new details about the particles that build our universe by comparing mirror nuclei helium-3 and tritium. The results provided a precise determination of the ratio of proton/neutron structure function ratios, offering new insights into the internal structures of protons and neutrons.
Scientists have discovered a new way to visualize the inner workings of simple atomic nuclei by analyzing photon-deuteron collisions. The study reveals the arrangement of gluons within deuterons, providing insights into the strong force that binds quarks together and holds protons and neutrons apart.
A new atomic nucleus, 149-Lutetium, has been synthesized at the University of Jyvaskyla, emitting protons with a record-breaking rate. This discovery provides exceptional decay properties and breaks previous records for half-life and decay energy.
A team led by Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Sansone used attosecond pulses to investigate the motion of electrons after photon absorption, finding they experience a complex landscape with potential peaks and valleys. This approach can be extended to more complex molecular systems, providing unprecedented temporal resolution.
An international team of scientists conducted the first experiment to explore magnetic monopoles using the Large Hadron Collider. They set reliable limits on the mass of magnetic monopoles and excluded their existence for lighter particles. The findings provide new constraints on the properties of possible magnetic monopoles.
Physicists have detected X particles in quark-gluon plasma produced in the Large Hadron Collider, a phenomenon that could reveal the particles' unknown structure. The discovery uses machine-learning techniques to sift through massive datasets and identify decay patterns characteristic of X particles.
Researchers at Michigan State University's National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory have created the world's lightest version of magnesium, a highly unstable isotope that can help scientists better understand how atoms are made. This breakthrough is part of a larger effort to refine theories and models that explain the formation o...
Physicists at Technical University of Munich discover potential existence of tetra-neutron, a bound state of four neutrons, which could significantly alter our understanding of nuclear forces. The experiment's results suggest a half-life of 450 seconds and stability comparable to the neutron.
The University of California, Riverside, has been awarded a $980,000 grant from the Department of Energy to develop an AI-driven detector for the future Electron-Ion Collider. The team will use machine learning techniques to optimize detector design and achieve 'co-design,' a new concept in nuclear physics.
Latifa Elouadrhiri received the 2021 Jesse W. Beams Research Award for her fundamental contributions to nuclear science. Her team made a groundbreaking measurement of proton pressure distribution, opening up new directions in particle physics research.
A team of researchers solved the case of zirconium-80's missing mass by combining experimental and theoretical approaches. They used NSCL's Penning trap mass spectrometer to measure the nucleus's mass with unprecedented precision, revealing new insights into its structure and properties.
Jacques Raynal's contributions to nuclear reaction formalism and codes have had a lasting impact on theory and experimental analysis. His work paved the way for future developments in concepts and numerical codes, enabling laboratories worldwide to calculate nuclear data evaluations.
Researchers at Michigan State University have successfully conducted an experiment using 'mirror nuclei' to study the fundamental physics of atoms and neutron stars. The team's findings have the potential to improve our understanding of neutron star sizes and provide new insights into the universe's most extreme environments.
A $3.7 million multicampus grant will train 32 graduate students in high-energy physics instrumentation, addressing a long-standing workforce training deficit in the field. The program, led by UC Davis, aims to prepare students for careers in academia, industry, or national laboratories.
Brookhaven Lab particle physicist Kétévi Assamagan has been elected as an APS Fellow for his significant contributions to the Standard Model Higgs boson research. He is also recognized for leading physics outreach programs, including founding the African School of Fundamental Physics and Applications.
Two researchers at Jefferson Lab, Todd Satogata and Paul Reimer, have been selected as 2021 APS Fellows for their outstanding contributions to nuclear physics. They were recognized for their work on particle accelerator science and research on the structure of the proton.
A new experiment measures the neutron skin in a calcium nucleus, shedding light on proton-neutron interactions. The results will be presented at the 2021 Fall Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics.
Researchers at RHIC's PHENIX Collaboration report new data on direct photons, revealing the potential to study gluons' transverse motion within protons. The measurements are 50 times more precise than previous data and validate the approach for future studies of proton spin and structure.
Researchers at Jefferson Lab discovered a thinner neutron skin around calcium nuclei than expected, contrasting with lead measurements. This finding presents an opportunity for further exploration into the underlying reasons for this difference.
Researchers use advanced techniques to analyze ancient coins and paper money, shedding new light on historical events. They find that Emperor Nero was more fiscally responsible than often thought, while Benjamin Franklin played a key role in creating the US dollar.
The latest results from the RHIC Spin Program provide new insights into the contribution of quarks and gluons to a proton's spin. Researchers at Brookhaven Lab have made significant progress in studying the three-dimensional internal structure of protons using collisions of spin-polarized protons at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ...
A team of researchers from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign used advanced machine learning to model the physico-chemical properties of a molten salt compound called FLiNaK, enabling accurate atomic-scale reproduction and prediction of behavior under specific reactor conditions. This computational framework can help character...
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory calculated moment tensors for 130 underground nuclear and 10 chemical tests to aid explosion monitoring. The study's database of carefully documented explosions will be useful for researchers, allowing them to distinguish explosions from earthquakes and estimate yield.
Scientists propose EicC to investigate quark and gluon contributions to nucleon spin and mass, as well as novel multi-particle dynamics. The recently released white paper outlines physics goals, detector design, and accelerator specifications.
Researchers developed a method to scale up nanocages to trap noble gases like krypton and xenon. The team used commercial materials and found the optimal temperature range for trapping gas atoms inside the cages.
Andrew Jackura, a postdoctoral researcher, aims to study the three-body problem, which explains strong nuclear interactions among three particles. He will use lattice QCD to investigate this complex phenomenon and ultimately understand how it contributes to nuclear binding.
Weizhi Xiong's PhD thesis on PRad experiment helped advance the understanding of the proton by measuring its charge radius with precision. The results agreed more closely with the new muonic measurement, but the puzzle persists due to slight differences between electron scattering results.
Chun Shen, a Wayne State University physics professor, has been awarded a $750,000 grant from the Department of Energy to study Quark-Gluon Plasma properties. His research aims to develop a new open-source framework to decode hot nuclear matter properties.
Researchers found that certain drugs can alter cell mechanical properties without reducing effectiveness, allowing for lower doses. The study used atomic force microscopy to measure cell rigidity and actin filament activity, enabling precise determination of optimal drug concentrations.
Researchers explore the relationship between free choice, locality, and causality using Bell's inequalities. They find that reality breaks these inequalities, prompting questions about local realism and experimenters' choices.
Experiments show that photon collisions lead to excess particles, previously unexplained. Theoretical description now includes photon interactions to explain data collected from LHC and RHIC collisions.
Scientists Simin Wang and Witold Nazarewicz develop a computer model to reconstruct protons inside the nucleus based on detector data, enabling predictions about nuclear behavior. The model helps understand rare nuclei decay by emitting pairs of particles.
Researchers at the University of Bath used resonance in spiraling neutron stars to measure symmetry energy, a key property of nuclear matter. This discovery sheds light on the fundamental workings of nuclei and offers insights into the forces that bind sub-atomic particles.
Researchers from IFJ PAN studied the changes in titanium dioxide's surface layers under different temperatures and atmospheres, shedding light on its electronic structure and physico-chemical properties. They also recreated the process of forming the rutile phase at lower temperatures than previously thought.
The HAWC Observatory has detected photons with energies of up to 200 TeV, a hundred trillion times greater than visible light. The source of these high-energy photons was identified as a nearby cloud of interstellar material surrounding a young star cluster.
The Cygnus Cocoon is found to be the most powerful of our galaxy's known natural particle accelerators, with photons recorded from energies up to one hundred teraelectronvolts. The HAWC observatory detected this phenomenon, suggesting that protons accelerated in stellar winds could be responsible for high-energy gamma photon emission.
Researchers analyze RHIC collision data to track transitions between nuclear phases, aiming to understand the universe's evolution and neutron star cores. The analysis reveals tantalizing signs of turbulence, hinting at a possible 'critical point' where quarks and gluons transform from one phase to another.
Researchers at the Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics have created a flexible method to produce sol¬id, two-dimensional silica solvents, allowing for control over material properties and molecular structure. This breakthrough simplifies material design and synthesis.
The ATLAS experiment at the LHC has observed the creation of particle pairs from interacting photons, a unique and rare process. The detection was made possible by the AFP spectrometers, which track protons slightly deflected from the main beam, providing insight into the physics of high-energy collisions.
Researchers found that surface mechanical attrition treatment improves magnesium's corrosion resistance, making it suitable for biocompatible implants. The process reduces the rate of decomposition and increases the material's strength.
The study found that bitcoin and ethereum exhibited strong correlations with traditional financial instruments during the pandemic, indicating their integration into the market. Cryptocurrencies behaved like reliable financial instruments, losing their safe-haven status but remaining stable.
Cynthia Keppel, a leading US Department of Energy scientist, will receive $1 million to develop new detector technologies for nuclear physics research and cancer treatment. The collaboration aims to improve GEM detector systems with high spatial resolution.
Wenliang Li, a postdoctoral researcher at William & Mary, is studying proton structure from a new angle using Jefferson Lab's 12 GeV electron beam. He's examining particles that fly backward in the interaction to learn more about proton structure.
An international team of physicists has analyzed comprehensive data from over a dozen subatomic experiments to investigate right-handed neutrinos. The analysis reveals significant challenges in detecting these particles, but also suggests a possible connection to dark matter.
Nobuo Sato has been awarded a five-year grant from the Department of Energy to develop the FemtoAnalyzer, a tool that will help nuclear physicists image the three-dimensional internal structure of protons and neutrons. The project aims to produce unprecedented resolution in understanding the building blocks of matter.
Researchers from the Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences successfully create tensile and inhomogeneous quantum rings in a controlled manner. The work involves trapping ultracold atoms in optical lattices and modifying interaction between atoms to mimic superconductors.
Scientists investigated how dynamic magnetic properties of individual molecular magnets change with orientation in a magnetic field. They found strong anisotropy, which is crucial for building functional quantum computer components.
Researchers are developing the BAND framework to provide a publicly available set of computational tools for physicists, improving uncertainty quantification and predictive modeling in nuclear physics. The five-year grant will support regular software releases and workshops to train other scientists on using the tools.
Scientists have uncovered low-energy waves in magnetite that indicate the importance of electronic interactions with the crystal lattice. The discovery reveals the trimeron order in magnetite has elementary excitations with very low energy, absorbing radiation in the far-infrared region.
Researchers explore whether intuition on interaction is justified in quantum mechanics. They show that entangled states can be generated without direct contact using the fundamental indistinguishability of particles.
Researchers have developed antineutrino detection technology to monitor nuclear reactors and detect plutonium production, providing high-level assurances of treaty compliance. The technology has potential applications in near-field and far-field monitoring, as well as verifying treaty compliance by tracking spent fuel.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory fabricate and test a superconducting nanowire device capable of detecting low-energy photons and operating in extreme magnetic fields. The device, made from niobium nitride, operates near absolute zero and has the potential to revolutionize nuclear physics experiments.
Researchers successfully separate and observe single-molecule magnets (SMMs) on a magnetically neutral silica substrate using transmission electron microscopy. This breakthrough enables the development of auto-associative memories and multi-criterion optimization systems, mirroring the human brain.
Physicists at PTB and MPIK have developed a method to measure atomic frequencies in highly charged ions, increasing precision by a factor of 100 million. This breakthrough enables the creation of novel atomic clocks and new avenues for searching for new physics.
The Department of Energy has announced plans for a future Electron Ion Collider, sited at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York. Jefferson Lab will be a major partner in the project, providing key support and expertise in particle accelerators and nuclear physics.
Scientists have developed a new method to record extremely fast processes using X-ray lasers. By harnessing the random nature of these pulses, they can now create images with precisely controlled parameters. This breakthrough enables the study of non-linear effects and chemical reactions.
Researchers verified predictions of particles beyond standard physics, improving restrictions on theories explaining B meson decay anomalies. The analysis used artificial intelligence to eliminate background data and narrowed the area for searching for new physics.
Researchers at the Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics have created a new model to simulate the flow of magnetic waves through magnonic crystals. This breakthrough allows for better control over the material's properties, which is crucial for applications in spintronics and electronics.