Articles tagged with Nuclear Physics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A four-investigator team led by University of Delaware physicist Marianna Safronova has won a prestigious Synergy Grant to build a nuclear clock, which will be far more sensitive than atomic clocks. The project aims to search for undiscovered physics effects and detect dark matter particles.
Scientists developed a simple method for producing nanometer-sized corundum with high porosity at room temperature. The process involves milling a powder in a ball mill for a few hours, resulting in thermodynamically stable nanoparticles. This breakthrough reduces energy and costs associated with traditional production methods.
Scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics have found that high-energy collisions produce 'forward-directed' jets, which require accounting for saturation and Sudakov effect. The researchers took into consideration two previously known phenomena to describe the production of these jets accurately.
Physicists at the University of Colorado Boulder have discovered a way to tie microscopic knots within liquid crystals, a type of material used in electronics. The researchers found that by applying voltage, they can expand or shrink the knots and even form complex shapes.
Researchers developed a new model to study complex defects in silicon carbide crystals, explaining their characteristics on an atomic scale. The work provides a qualitative understanding of the impact of edge dislocations on material properties.
Researchers have successfully created molecular nanocages with unprecedented properties using gold atoms as a binding agent. The gold-bonded cages exhibit chemical and thermal stability while being sensitive to acidity, making them ideal for biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery.
Scientists from the Polish Academy of Sciences analyzed mountain ranges worldwide and found a universal similarity in their structure. The analysis showed that the distribution of ridges and valleys follows a power-law nature, with most nodes having low degree and few hubs having high degree.
Physicists have confirmed the existence of 'fire streaks' in proton-proton collisions, a phenomenon initially proposed as a theoretical structure. The analysis suggests that the matter arising from these collisions behaves similarly to the fire streaks of quark-gluon plasma.
Researchers estimate the amount of negative pressure in liquid crystals confined in nanopores using a new method. The results show that increasing pressure slows down molecular mobility, while narrower channels increase it.
Researchers create statistical tool for stylometric analysis using graphs, finding that individuality manifests itself in surprisingly small number of words. The method identifies authors correctly in almost 90% of cases, requiring only 10-12 words to be traced in English texts.
The new technology allows for high-speed analysis of emulsion track detectors, essential for detecting dark matter particles. The faster microscopes will process tens of tons of nano-emulsion trackers with unprecedented accuracy in record time.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have discovered and characterized oxygen-11, the lightest-ever form of oxygen with three neutrons to its eight protons. This discovery opens a new avenue for studying nuclear symmetry by comparing it to its mirror nucleus lithium-11.
Cynthia Keppel, a Jefferson Lab scientist, has been awarded the American Physical Society's 2019 Distinguished Lectureship Award on the Applications of Physics. She is recognized for her pioneering work in proton therapy and her ability to communicate complex physics concepts to non-expert audiences.
An international team of physicists has failed to detect the charged Higgs boson in a recent analysis, but found evidence that limits new theories. The search for the particle focused on masses between 90 gigaelectronvolts and 2000 gigaelectronvolts.
A Polish-German team of physicists has described the dynamic phenomena occurring at the interface between a ferromagnetic metal and a semiconductor, filling the 'thermal' gap in material knowledge. The study used computational models to simulate atomic vibrations and showed that the interface exhibits unique patterns.
Researchers analyzed particle flow from tiny projectiles colliding with gold nuclei at nearly the speed of light. The data show strong correlations between initial geometry and final flow patterns, supporting the quark-gluon plasma hypothesis.
Researchers from the Institute of Nuclear Physics analyze the S&P 500 index and predict a catastrophic financial meltdown in up to a dozen years. The Hurst exponent, which measures system susceptibility to change, has been steadily falling below 0.5 since 2008.
Four Jefferson Lab-affiliated scientists have been elected as Fellow of the American Physical Society, a prestigious honor recognizing their significant contributions to nuclear physics. Cynthia Keppel's fellowship honors her broad impact in fundamental nuclear science and applications of nuclear technology.
Some physicists argue that spacetime may emerge from processes closer to reality, such as quarks and hadrons. The concept of spacetime has puzzled humanity for millennia, with some theories suggesting it's a dynamic creation while others propose it's an absolute arena for events.
Researchers build systems reproducing quantum predictions with classical models, suggesting a boundary for 'true' quantum phenomena beyond single-particle interactions. Quantum entanglement remains an unexplained mystery.
The CREDO project, a global particle detector using smartphones, has started collecting scientific data. Researchers have detected deviations from expected distributions in the raw data, which may indicate interactions between high-energy particles and space-time.
The HAWC observatory has identified spectacular details of the processes responsible for high-energy radiation in microquasar SS 433. This is a rare opportunity to observe the object in detail, as its jets are directed almost perpendicular to our line of sight.
Researchers observed anomalies in decays of beauty mesons, which may be signs of new physics beyond the Standard Model. The inclusion of long-distance effects increased the significance of these findings, reaching a 6.1 sigma value.
Researchers from the Institute of Nuclear Physics found no anomalies in a rare decay of charmed baryons, potentially indicating 'new physics' is not present. They improved an upper limit on frequency by up to 100 times, but are still far from detecting any inconsistencies with predictions.
Physicists applied high pressure to create polycrystal samples of dysprosium germanide, revealing a charge-density wave phenomenon. The wave influences crystal lattice distortions and magnetic ordering, leading to an anti-ferromagnetic order at lower temperatures.
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report concludes that an EIC is essential to answering fundamental questions about the building blocks of matter. The collider will enable unique scientific discoveries with implications for particle physics, astrophysics, and other fields.
Jaideep Singh, an MSU assistant professor, received funding for his proposal to search for time-reversal violation using optically addressable nuclei in cryogenic solids. The award will accelerate his research program by about 15 years, recognizing the world-class scientific support at FRIB.
A team of scientists presents a new model explaining the effects of quantum spin on relativistic flows of quark-gluon plasma, which can flow at speeds close to light. The model considers the conservation of momentum and takes into account the spin polarization of particles.
Physicists from Cracow and Kielce predict that alpha clusters, made up of two protons and two neutrons, exist in light nuclei. Experimental physicists can detect these clusters using high-energy accelerators.
Researchers calculate fundamental property of protons and neutrons with unprecedented 1 percent precision, matching long-standing experimental results. The new calculation provides a critical benchmark for applying lattice QCD to nuclear physics problems, which could aid in dark matter searches and answer outstanding questions about th...
Physicists have discovered an interesting asymmetry in the production of charm mesons and their antimatter counterparts, which could affect the detection of neutrinos. The researchers propose that unfavoured quark fragmentation may explain this phenomenon, potentially leading to a high percentage of D+ and D- meson asymmetry.
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory successfully simulated an atomic nucleus using a quantum computer, demonstrating the ability of quantum systems to compute nuclear physics problems. The team extracted the deuteron's binding energy with high accuracy, despite challenges posed by inherent noise on the chip.
Researchers analyzed unique data from high-energy proton collisions to understand the mechanism of hadronization. They found evidence of a quark-gluon plasma exhibiting liquid-like properties, which can help improve our understanding of particle physics and the universe's early moments.
A new analysis of ultracold neutron measurements imposes strict constraints on the interactions of axions with nucleons and gluons. Researchers discovered frequency changes in neutrons that could be indicative of an 'axion wind', suggesting a specific direction of movement for these hypothetical particles.
Jefferson Lab's Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) successfully delivered beams to all four experimental halls for the first time. This milestone enables researchers to conduct more complex studies and maximize research output, potentially leading to breakthroughs in nuclear physics.
Researchers analyzed scientific connections of leading scholars, including Harry Eugene Stanley and Edward Witten, to understand modern scientific cooperation. They used Erdos numbers to visualize the flow of ideas in graphs, revealing a self-organization resulting from power law dynamics in these networks.
The GAMBIT Collaboration has developed software tools to analyze data from various experiments and compare them with predictions of new theories. This comprehensive analysis narrows the search areas for 'new physics' and eliminates models whose predictions have not been confirmed.
Researchers at RIKEN and partner institutions have made the most precise measurement to date of the proton's magnetic moment, achieving a precision of less than one part per billion. The study used a combination of advanced engineering techniques and precise frequency measurements to isolate a single proton in a Penning trap.
The MSU traineeship program will educate PhD and master's students in accelerator science and engineering, addressing four critical workforce needs. Students will be certified and ready for careers in DOE laboratory facilities and industry.
Researchers used the HAWC Observatory to study two nearby pulsars, Geminga and PSR B0656+14, which produced high-energy positrons in cosmic rays. The analysis found that while pulsar radiation contributed some positrons, it was not enough to explain the excess.
Researchers from Poland and USA develop new model of quark-gluon plasma, finding it to be much less viscous than expected. The anisotropic hydrodynamics model shows promising results, with improved accuracy in describing the phenomenon.
Researchers at Jefferson Lab lead development of next-generation software to benefit nuclear physics computation. The project aims to optimize calculations on future supercomputers, enabling better prediction and understanding of QCD at extreme temperatures and densities.
Experiments at Argonne National Laboratory reveal stable energy states and collective spin in lead-208 nuclei. This challenges the assumption that spherical nuclei do not spin.
Scientists have discovered a new class of materials that can replace liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries, potentially leading to smaller, lighter, and safer devices. The breakthrough material showed exceptional ionic conductivity, even at low temperatures, and its properties are comparable to those of liquid electrolytes.
Physicists from Cracow and Zurich searched for traces of light inflatons in meson decay, but found none. The absence of a new particle challenges cosmological models relying on general relativity.
Two scientists, Charles Perdrisat and Charles Sinclair, are jointly awarded the JSA Outstanding Nuclear Physicist Prize for their groundbreaking contributions to nuclear physics research. Their innovative techniques have significantly advanced our understanding of nucleon structure through pioneering measurements.
Nuclear physicists at Brookhaven National Laboratory's STAR detector have revealed new details about the fundamental particles that make up our world. They found more heavy particles emerging from the fat part of a collision, indicating that heavy particles get caught up in the flow of quark-gluon plasma.
Physicists from IFJ PAN developed a simple model to describe the complex process of atomic nucleus collisions. The model predicts that hot matter forms streaks along the direction of impact, moving faster with distance from the collision axis.
The LHCb experiment's analysis confirms the Standard Model's predictions for the rare Bs0 meson decay into a muon and anti-muon with exceptional accuracy. The results narrow down parameters for proposed extensions, such as supersymmetric theories.
Scientists discovered a new type of vibration in europium silicide nanoislands that dissipates heat more effectively. The study used nuclear inelastic scattering to measure the energy spectrum of atomic vibrations and found that the vibrations of atoms in the crystal lattice can be tailored for specific thermal properties.
Scientists have observed a tiny difference in the decay patterns of beauty baryons, suggesting that antibaryons may not be identical to their matter counterparts. This finding is significant because it could provide insight into why matter survived the Big Bang while antimatter did not.
Researchers analyzed word frequencies in six Indo-European languages, finding that punctuation marks play a key role in shaping the distribution of words. The study used over a million words from literary texts and found that including punctuation marks significantly altered the results, revealing a more complex structure.
A team of scientists has discovered that human cells and neutron stars share similar structures, including Terasaki ramps, which are helical shapes connecting stacked sheets. The similarities between these two vastly different systems suggest a universal principle governing the energy of a system.
Scientists from Poland and France have discovered a new type of atomic nucleus that challenges the long-held assumption that heavy elements are the only ones to exhibit complex deformations. The nuclei of calcium were found to be superdeformed and triaxial, with a distorted shape along three axes.
A team of Russian physicists used a personal computer with GPU to solve complicated integral equations of quantum mechanics, previously only solvable with expensive supercomputers. They achieved speeds up to 15 minutes for calculations that took days on supercomputers.
Victor Flambaum's appointment at the Helmholtz Institute Mainz is expected to give great impetus to the development of the PRISMA Cluster of Excellence. He will be collaborating with various departments, including experimental groups working on dark matter and antimatter research.
Researchers at the Institute of Nuclear Physics have observed a new mechanism creating particles in high-energy collisions, where charm mesons appear in pairs as often as singles. This effect plays a dominant role in producing charm particles and is expected to become more prominent in future accelerators.
A new approach to nuclear structure calculations uses relative coordinates to describe quantum mechanical states of nuclei, reducing complexity and computational power required. This method enables other groups to perform their own nuclear structure calculations with limited resources.
Researchers from the Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics have observed elastic collisions between photons in heavy ion collisions. The study predicts that some deflected photons could hit detectors installed by ATLAS, CMS, and ALICE projects.
Researchers have discovered that cosmic heavy metals, such as gold and platinum, can be used to trace the history of galaxies. The study, published in Nature, suggests that the collision of dense stars in the universe can forge these heavy elements and provide insights into galaxy formation.