Articles tagged with Phases Of Matter
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Columbia University have observed a superfluid transitioning into an insulating phase, exhibiting properties of both liquid-like and solid-like behavior. The finding suggests that the low-temperature phase may be a highly unusual exciton solid, leaving room for further exploration and potential observation of supersolids.
Researchers developed a new 'frequency-multiplexed elastic metasurface' that can precisely direct elastic waves at distinct frequencies onto different locations, enhancing signal intensity by up to 48 times. This technology breaks the conventional belief that one structure can perform only one function.
Physicists used a quantum simulator to study the interaction of electrons in a material with a pseudogap state. They found that subtle magnetic patterns shape this mysterious phase of matter, which appears above the temperature at which it becomes superconducting.
Scientists have found a way to describe topological states in materials where the particle picture breaks down. The discovery sheds light on a new type of behavior, exhibiting spontaneous Hall effect and quantum-critical fluctuations. This finding opens up possibilities for storing quantum information and developing novel sensors.
HALIMA, a hybrid array for lifetime measurement of neutron-rich nuclei at IMP, enables precise sub-nanosecond measurements using the four-fold FF/β-Ge-LaBr <sub>3 </sub>(Ce)-LaBr <sub>3 </sub>(Ce) coincidence technique. The system reduces Compton continuums and enhances selectivity via fission fragments implantation.
Researchers at the University of Arkansas have developed a lead-free alternative to essential electronics component ferroelectric materials. By applying mechanical strain, they enhanced lead-free ferroelectrics, opening possibilities for devices and sensors implanted in humans.
Researchers discovered that supersolid matter synchronizes its spin and rotation under external magnetic fields, enabling the study of exotic quantum behavior. The findings provide a powerful tool for probing quantum systems and may hold implications for understanding cosmic phenomena like neutron star glitches.
A new mathematical framework, STIV, can predict larger-scale effects like proteins unfolding and crystals forming without costly simulations or experiments. The framework solves a 40-year-old problem in phase-field modeling, allowing for the design of smarter medicines and materials.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have created a new type of time crystal that can be observed directly under a microscope and even by the naked eye. The team used liquid crystals to achieve this feat, which could lead to technological applications such as counterfeiting prevention and data storage.
Scientists use human-AI collaboration to tackle complex questions in condensed matter physics, leveraging machine learning algorithms to identify patterns in simulation data. This approach successfully models the behavior of frustrated magnets and sheds light on quantum computing and gravity.
Researchers have identified a three-dimensional quantum spin liquid in cerium zirconate, exhibiting emergent photons and fractionalization. This discovery could lead to breakthroughs in superconductors and quantum computing.
Physicists at Washington University in St. Louis have created a novel phase of matter called a time quasicrystal, which vibrates at precise frequencies over time. The researchers built the quasicrystals inside a diamond chunk using powerful nitrogen beams and microwave pulses.
A study published in Nature Materials reveals that cooperative particle rearrangements influence structural order and dynamic behavior in glass-forming liquids. The researchers identified a key process called T1, which maintains local order and leads to super-Arrhenius behavior.
A new simulation method has been introduced to investigate the Earth's core, revealing significant effects of magnetism on material properties. The approach combines molecular dynamics and spin dynamics, using machine learning to determine force fields with high precision.
German physicist Christian Schneider has been awarded a European Research Council Consolidator Grant to study the optical properties of two-dimensional materials. His team plans to develop experimental set-ups to investigate the unique properties of these materials, which could lead to new applications in quantum technologies.
A team of physicists has observed mini-tornadoes in a supersolid quantum gas, confirming the existence of quantized vortices as a hallmark of superfluidity. The discovery is significant for understanding the behavior of supersolids and their potential applications in fields like condensed matter physics.
Researchers at Lehigh University have pioneered a method to create customizable ceramics using solid-state synthesis, enabling advances in electronics and energy conversion. The team aims to produce functional materials with tailored geometries that can be used in thermoelectric devices and other applications.
Researchers at Iowa State University have found unusual phase transformations in silicon when subjected to large and permanent deformations. This discovery reduces the required pressure to create new material phases, opening up new possibilities for industrial applications.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have created a 2D version of the Bose glass, a novel phase of matter that challenges traditional statistical mechanics. The new phase exhibits non-ergodic behavior, meaning it retains its details, and has potential applications in quantum computing.
A team of researchers has discovered novel and unexpected phenomena when studying fractional quantum Hall effects in flatland systems. By applying a supplementary current to high mobility semiconductor devices, they were able to explore new non-equilibrium states of these quantum systems and reveal entirely new states of matter.
Scientists at Lehigh University are using mayonnaise to study Rayleigh-Taylor instability and its transition to a plastic regime. The researchers aim to better understand the physics of nuclear fusion through this unconventional approach.
Scientists from Japan have discovered a new type of ice, known as ice 0, which can cause water droplets to freeze near their surface rather than at their core. This discovery resolves a debate about the formation of ice and has significant implications for climate studies and food sciences.
Researchers at the University of California - Riverside have proposed a chain of quantum magnetic objects called spin centers that can simulate exotic magnetic phases of matter. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient ways of storing and transferring information, as well as the development of room temperature quantum computers.
Researchers at Lancaster University and others are building the most sensitive dark matter detectors using quantum technologies. They aim to detect dark matter particles weighing between 0.01 to a few hydrogen atoms, which could reveal the mass and interactions of these mysterious particles.
RMIT researchers have found that the liquid-solid boundary can fluctuate back and forth, with metallic atoms near the surface breaking free from their crystal lattice. The phenomenon occurs at unexpectedly low temperatures and is observed up to 100 atoms in depth.
Researchers have discovered a new state of matter characterized by chiral currents, generated by cooperative electron movement. This phenomenon has implications for the development of new electronic devices and technologies, including optoelectronics and quantum technologies.
Researchers use quantum chemical calculations to understand sodium's transformation into an insulator at high pressures. The study confirms theoretical predictions made by Neil Ashcroft and connects it with chemical concepts of bonding.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals unusual patterns of small and large particles in a model liquid, which can affect the formation of ideal glass. The findings raise doubts about whether this model liquid can be considered an ideal glass-forming liquid.
Researchers created a nanocomposite of hexagonal and cubic boron nitride, which exhibits unexpected thermal and optical properties. The composite's low thermal conductivity makes it suitable for heat-insulating electronic devices, while its second-harmonic generation property is larger than expected after heating.
Scientists have observed the direct visualization of a zero-field pair density wave in an iron-based superconductor, EuRbFe4As4, without a magnetic field. This discovery paves the way for further research into room-temperature superconductivity and its potential applications.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara created a new material made of bosonic particles called excitons, forming a correlated insulator. The discovery uses a moiré platform and pump-probe spectroscopy to study the behavior of bosons in a real material system.
A new paper argues that biological materials are defined by the water that permeates them, creating a class of 'hydration solids' with unique properties. The research resolves long-standing mysteries and predicts exciting phenomena in materials.
Researchers from Osaka University discovered a novel material that transitions from a crystal to a liquid when exposed to ultraviolet irradiation, enabling a detailed understanding of the crystal-melting process. The material exhibits changes in luminescence during melting, indicating molecular-level changes in shape.
Researchers have discovered a new phase of matter where a quantum liquid becomes solid when heated. The breakthrough was achieved through a collaboration between experimentalists and theoretical physicists, who developed a model that explains the formation of a quantum crystal at finite temperatures.
Researchers discovered a property in single-layer ferroelectric materials that allows them to bend in response to an electrical stimulus. This bending behavior enables the creation of nano-scale switches or motors, which can be controlled using electrical signals.
Scientists have detailed the atomic structure of superconducting RbV3Sb5 at 103 degrees Kelvin, revealing a unique lattice pattern and charge-density wave. This breakthrough provides a new understanding of exotic states of matter and brings researchers closer to developing higher-temperature superconductors.
Experimental physicists discovered that water impurities become entrapped within icicles, creating chevron patterns and ripple effects. The study reveals that internal patterns are connected to external shapes, leading to a deeper understanding of natural ice formations.
Scientists at the University of Innsbruck have developed a new method to observe and study ultra-cold mini twisters, quantized vortices that form in dipolar quantum gases. These vortices are a strong indication of superfluidity, a frictionless flow characteristic of certain quantum gases.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have discovered a novel phenomenon in a type of quantum material that can change its electrical properties under specific conditions. The material, known as Mn3Si2Te6, exhibits colossal magnetoresistance when exposed to certain magnetic fields, allowing it to behave like a metal wire.
Scientists discovered a fixed inversion point between liquid-like and gas-like states of supercritical matter, with the same location across all systems studied. This finding reveals that supercritical matter is surprisingly simple and amenable to new understanding.
Researchers have developed a digital quantum simulation platform to study exotic states of matter, which could provide unique properties for new technologies in precision measurement science and information storage. The platform enables observation of distinctive states taken out of their normal equilibrium.
Scientists confirm observations of quantized vortices in superfluid helium by simulating quantum vortex dynamics with silicon nanoparticles, revealing new possibilities for optical research. The study enables visualization of quantized vortex reconnection, a key feature of superfluid helium at macroscopic scales.
Researchers used a mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction instrument to study vanadium dioxide's insulator-metal transition. The 'stroboscopic camera' captured the hidden trajectory of atomic motion, showing two stages with non-linear atomic motions in the second stage, influenced by electron orbital forces.
Researchers at Osaka University used silicon nanoparticles to visualize the coalescence of quantized vortices in superfluid helium. This technique enables better understanding of quantum fluids and materials, including superconductors. The study also opens up new possibilities for optical research on other quantum properties.
A team of scientists led by Samuel Dunning has developed an original technique to predict and guide the ordered creation of strong, yet flexible, diamond nanothreads. The innovation allows for easier synthesis of the material, which has potential applications in space elevators, ultra-strong fabrics, and other fields.
Researchers used lab-based mimicry to reveal a new crystal structure that has major implications for our understanding of the interiors of large, rocky exoplanets. This discovery could have revolutionary implications for how we think about the dynamics of exoplanet interiors.
Researchers discovered a novel type of magnet, the antiferromagnetic excitonic insulator, which involves strong magnetic attraction between electrons in a layered material. The new state emerges when electrons form bound pairs with holes and trigger an antiferromagnetic alignment of adjacent electron spins.
Researchers at University of California - Riverside observe time crystals in a system not isolated from its environment, achieving a major breakthrough. The all-optical time crystal uses a disk-shaped magnesium fluoride glass resonator and has potential applications in accurate measurements and precision timekeeping.
Scientists at Osaka University have successfully manipulated nanoparticles suspended in superfluid helium using optical tweezers, opening the way for new cryogenic applications and potential visualization or control of vortices. The research may help better understand interactions between quantum fluids and classical nanomaterials.
Researchers have discovered a new electronic nematic phase in twisted double bilayer graphene, which breaks the material's symmetry and allows for the re-alignment of electrons. This finding adds to our understanding of graphene-based systems and may hold implications for the study of superconductivity.
Physicists at Rice University have found telltale signs of antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations coupled to superconductivity in uranium ditelluride, a rare material promising fault-free quantum computing. The discovery upends the leading explanation of how this state of matter arises in the material.
Researchers predict existence of split photons, a new phase of light that behaves like a coin with two distinct halves. The finding advances fundamental understanding of light and its behavior, challenging long-held beliefs.
Researchers find that triangular-patterned materials can exhibit a mashup of three different phases, with each phase overlapping and competing for dominance. As temperature increases, the material becomes more ordered due to the breaking down of these competing electron arrangements.
Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology have discovered a new state of matter where electrons condense into foursomes, breaking time-reversal symmetry. The findings, published in Nature Physics, offer insights into the unusual properties of this state and its potential applications.
New research reveals that a layer of 'hot', electrically conductive ice could be responsible for generating the magnetic fields of ice giant planets. The study found two forms of superionic ice, one of which may exist in the interiors of Uranus and Neptune.
UNSW researchers stabilize a new intermediate phase in a room-temperature multiferroic material under stress, boosting electromechanical response by double its usual value. This breakthrough has exciting implications for next-generation devices and provides a valuable technique for international material scientists.
Researchers used computer modeling to study prethermal discrete time crystals (DTCs) using classical physics, not quantum physics. They found that a simpler approach can be used to understand the properties of DTCs, which are highly complex physical systems.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas have produced large, high-quality bismuth iodide crystals that demonstrate the existence of weak topological insulators. The crystals undergo a phase transition into a novel structure at room temperature, altering their electronic properties.
Researchers discovered MnS2 transitions into a metallic state and then back to an insulator as pressure is applied, resulting in significant decreases in resistance. This phenomenon occurs due to the interaction of electron spin states under high pressure.
Researchers have discovered an excitonic insulator phase in a quantum material, enabling faster-than-light waves at room temperature and dissipationless energy transfer. This breakthrough paves the way for energy-efficient applications, including computers.