Articles tagged with Protons
An international team of researchers simulated proton motions in water with unprecedented accuracy, finding that the configuration of surrounding water molecules determines proton movement. The study expands current understanding of how water shapes proton transport.
Researchers at Colorado State University have measured a hydrogen proton's radius to be 0.84 femtometers, resolving the long-standing scientific discrepancy that has puzzled scientists for years. The finding confirms the Standard Model theory and opens a door for further study, revealing subtle issues in earlier measurements.
A Southwest Research Institute-led study finds protons and heavy ions react differently to solar magnetic reconnection events, revealing a more complex magnetic engine. This new data contradicts current models, showing protons generate waves that scatter them more efficiently.
Researchers at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics have identified a novel proton shuttle-assisted triplet energy transfer mechanism, enhancing the rate and efficiency of spin-triplet migration. The discovery has profound implications for modern molecular technologies involving spin-triplet excited states.
Scientists from the University of Manchester led the discovery of the new Ξcc+- (Xi-cc-plus) particle, a heavy proton-like particle containing two charm quarks and one down quark. The particle was identified using the upgraded LHCb detector and has a mass of 3619.97 MeV/c².
Researchers observe rare nuclear isomer in ytterbium-150, measuring its half-life and establishing its decay scheme. The study reveals an isomeric relay mechanism, shifting the configuration of nuclei within the 10+ isomeric chain, extending its persistence into the proton drip line region.
A new ceramic material overcomes long-standing limits in proton conductivity, achieving record-high performance at intermediate temperatures. The innovative donor co-doping strategy combines increased proton concentration and mobility with chemical stability under various environments.
Researchers created a metric to quantify lattice flexibility and studied how it impacts proton transport. They ranked the importance of seven features, including hydrogen bond length and oxygen sublattice flexibility, finding that these are critical for efficient proton conduction.
Researchers reveal protons and superoxide ions mediate long-distance charge transport between cytochrome c and respiratory complex III. This discovery improves understanding of cellular respiration regulation and could inspire new protonic devices.
Researchers at Kumamoto University have developed a flexible solid electrolyte material with exceptional proton conductivity and hydrogen gas barrier properties, making it suitable for low- to mid-temperature fuel cells. The material enables stable operation across a wide temperature range, from -10 °C to 140 °C, and shows promise for ...
Researchers at Yale University have measured the movement of protons through electrically charged water on a microscopic scale for the first time. The study provides well-defined parameters for chemical simulations, which can inform theorists about water-mediated proton transfer.
Researchers from Tohoku University have discovered a new material that can conduct both protons and electrons efficiently at intermediate temperatures. The material, titanium dioxide doped with niobium, enhances proton conductivity by up to 10 times, making it suitable for next-generation fuel cells and hydrogen separation membranes.
Researchers developed a groundbreaking carbon membrane that can enable high-precision proton beams for cancer treatment. The new material outperforms best-in-class materials like graphene and commercial carbon films.
Researchers at Peking University have discovered a key mechanism governing proton storage and transport in aqueous batteries, enabling ultra-fast charging and higher capacity. By engineering hydrogen-bond networks, they propose three strategies to optimize battery performance, advancing next-generation proton-based aqueous batteries
Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have discovered aluminium-20, an unstable isotope that decays via three-proton emission. The study provides insights into the structure and decay of nuclei beyond the proton drip line, shedding light on isospin symmetry breaking.
Researchers at WVU have designed a fuel cell that can switch between storing and generating electricity, making it suitable for balancing an overwhelmed US electrical grid. The new design, called conformally coated scaffold, stays stable even at high temperatures and humidity levels.
A new study presents a unified approach to first principles calculations of Parton physics in hadrons, combining two distinct theoretical approaches for extracting parton distributions. The study uses Large-Momentum Effective Theory (LaMET) and short-distance expansion (SDE), which provide complementary insights into parton behavior.
A team at The University of Osaka has proposed micronozzle acceleration to generate giga-electron-volt proton beams in compact setups. This novel concept uses micro-targets with tiny nozzle-like features and ultrashort laser pulses to achieve high-quality, GeV-class proton beams.
The BASE collaboration successfully relocated protons outside an antimatter laboratory using an autonomous Penning trap system. The technology enables low-energy antiprotons to be transported to high-precision laboratories, allowing for stringent matter-antimatter comparisons.
A team of scientists discovered that electrons and protons are closely linked in certain biological crystals, influencing proton transfer. This connection has implications for understanding energy and information transfer in life.
Researchers developed a strategy to regulate hydrogen bond networks at electrolyte-electrode interfaces, accelerating proton transfer in CO2 reduction reactions. The approach involves introducing extra catalytic centers, such as cubic phase molybdenum carbide, to enhance water dissociation and facilitate proton generation.
Researchers at Osaka University demonstrated that ultra-short, high-dose proton irradiation increases cell survival rates even under normoxic conditions. This breakthrough could lead to the development of a cancer treatment method with fewer side effects.
Researchers at Jefferson Lab's BRIC are assessing proton therapy's potential to replace radioisotope-based treatments, with a focus on reducing radiological risks. The study aims to bridge the gap between nuclear physics and medical professionals, exploring proton therapy's capabilities for cancer treatment.
A multi-center phase III trial found photon- and proton-based radiation therapies to be similarly safe and effective in treating low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Patients treated with either IMRT or proton therapy reported no significant differences in quality of life, tumor control, or progression-free survival.
Leading researchers from Penn Medicine will showcase clinical trial results and new data on FLASH radiation therapy. The institution is one of the world’s leading academic medical centers, with a proud history of groundbreaking discoveries and innovations.
Physicists use lattice quantum chromodynamics to calculate how quarks and gluons interact within the proton, revealing a 3D picture of parton distributions. This approach helps explain the proton's spin and distribution of matter, with implications for understanding particle interactions.
Researchers have documented a unique two-proton decay mechanism in Magnesium-18, revealing complex interactions between nuclear forces. The study uses advanced techniques to analyze the phenomenon, providing crucial insights into extreme nuclear conditions.
Researchers developed a transmissive thin scintillator using perovskite nanocrystals to track and count single protons with exceptional sensitivity. The new detectors offer unparalleled sensitivity and could revolutionize proton therapy and radiography.
Scientists at Nagoya University developed a new gastric acid inhibitor with a binding affinity nearly 10 times higher than existing drugs. The AI-driven approach led to the creation of compound DQ-18, which exhibits stronger binding to the gastric proton pump.
A team of scientists has successfully caught fast-moving hydrogen atoms within ammonia molecules using ultrafast electron diffraction. They observed the motion of hydrogen atoms and captured the associated change in the molecule's structure as it evolved, providing insights into proton transfers.
A randomized trial published in The Lancet Oncology found that condensing prostate beam scanning proton therapy for breast cancer patients can result in similar control of the cancer while sparing surrounding normal tissue. The study demonstrated excellent outcomes, with reduced skin side effects and comparable complication rates.
Researchers at Paul Scherrer Institute have developed a beamline modification called momentum cooling to increase the transmission of proton beams, allowing for shorter treatment times. This breakthrough could enable faster treatments while maintaining accuracy and sparing healthy tissue, with potential benefits including reduced costs...
A recent experiment at Jefferson Lab has revealed the radius of the proton's mass generated by gluons, which may have shed light on the origin of its mass. The result indicates that this core has a different size than the proton's well-measured charge radius.
Researchers from the University of Rochester and MINERvA collaboration used beams of neutrinos at Fermilab to investigate proton structure. This technique offers a new view on measuring protons using neutrino scattering, providing insights into nuclear effects and improving future measurements of neutrino properties.
Scientists successfully synthesized the elusive Λ(1405) particle and measured its complex mass, revealing a temporary bound state of a K- meson and proton. The findings may provide insights into the interior of ultra-dense neutron stars and the early formation of the Universe.
Scientists discover a new mechanism of high proton conduction in hexagonal perovskite-related oxides, utilizing oxygen-deficient layers and water uptake to produce superior proton conductors. These materials can be used for renewable energy production and storage devices, promising a more efficient transition to clean power.
Radiation-tolerant photovoltaic cell designs could improve satellite performance by reducing radiation damage and increasing device longevity. The new ultra-thin solar cells outperform thicker devices in proton radiation tests, with nearly 3.5 times less cover glass needed for the same amount of power after 20 years.
In a first-in-human trial, FLASH radiation treatment was found safe and effective for pain relief in patients with bone metastases. The study showed significant pain relief in 7 out of 10 patients, with minimal side effects.
A team of researchers, led by Prof. Ehud Pines, has confirmed his theory that a proton moves through water in trains of three water molecules, contradicting the long-held Grotthuss Mechanism. This breakthrough resolves one of the holy grails of physical chemistry after 17 years of research.
Researchers have gained insight into the electronic structure of hydrated proton complexes, revealing that three inner water molecules are drastically modified by the proton. The first hydration shell senses the electric field of the proton through Coulomb interactions.
A new review analyzes the efficacy of current non-invasive methods for assessing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated conditions. Blood-based biomarker tests and imaging methods are explored, with some showing promise in early diagnosis and staging liver disorders.
A recent study found that black patients were significantly less likely to receive proton beam therapy for cancer compared to white patients. The study, which included over 5.2 million patients, also highlighted disparities in treatment based on racial background.
A new atomic nucleus, 149-Lutetium, has been synthesized at the University of Jyvaskyla, emitting protons with a record-breaking rate. This discovery provides exceptional decay properties and breaks previous records for half-life and decay energy.
A research team at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf has successfully tested irradiation with laser-accelerated protons on animals, paving the way for optimal radiation therapy. The method could make a decisive contribution to improving proton therapy, which is currently more complex and expensive than X-ray therapy.
Researchers will compare proton, carbon and electron radiotherapy to protect normal tissues from harm while controlling solid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, soft tissues throughout the body, and bones. The goal is to develop a more effective treatment with shorter duration and frequency.
A research team from the University of Jena has made an important breakthrough in generating high-energy proton radiation using laser-plasma interaction. By precisely adjusting parameters such as foil thickness, laser focusing, and pulse duration, they have achieved a maximum energy yield that could enable the development of smaller an...
The experiment contradicts a previous study from the late 90s, suggesting that quarks and antiquarks have a smooth asymmetry with no flip of the ratio between anti-up and anti-down quarks. The discovery has implications for understanding the proton's properties and its role in atomic structure.
Researchers at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung investigate flerovium, element 114, and find it lacks a predicted 'magic' shell structure. This challenges the search for the island of stability in element 114 and shifts focus to heavier elements.
A new study will investigate the safety of proton therapy for children with brain cancer compared to conventional x-ray radiation. The researchers aim to assess the risk of developmental disorders in children as a result of using proton beams to treat paediatric brain tumours.
A new study from Penn Medicine found that proton therapy reduces the risk of radiation-induced heart diseases in lung cancer patients. Mini-strokes and heart attacks were significantly less common among patients who underwent proton therapy compared to those treated with conventional photon-based radiation therapy.
Researchers from MIPT have developed a prototype detector of high-energy particles capable of picking up protons and electrons with energies between 10-100 MeV. The device improves radiation protection for astronauts and advances our understanding of solar flares.
A retrospective analysis found that Black pediatric patients are less likely to receive proton therapy, which may lead to increased side effects and long-term health disparities. The study calls for addressing barriers to access and promoting equitable distribution of this high-cost treatment.
A study published in JAMA Oncology found that proton therapy is just as effective as X-ray radiation therapy in treating cancer, but causes fewer side effects and lower hospitalization rates. This could lead to improved quality of life for patients and reduced healthcare costs.
Researchers found proton therapy significantly lowers the risk of severe side effects such as hospitalization, while maintaining similar cure rates and effectiveness compared to traditional photon radiation. The study suggests proton therapy offers a way to reduce serious side effects without sacrificing treatment efficacy.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism for proton transfer between acids and bases, involving hydroxide/methoxide ions rather than hydrated excess protons. This breakthrough has significant implications for aqueous proton transport in solutions, hydrogen fuel cells, and transmembrane proteins.
Göttingen researchers observe mobile protons in proteins, revealing instantaneous communication between distant sections. This breakthrough resolves decades-long controversy over low-barrier hydrogen bonding's role in protein signaling.
Two new studies published in Pediatric Blood and Cancer and Acta Oncologica demonstrate the potential benefits of proton therapy for children with brain cancer. Proton therapy shows promising outcomes in improving overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates, particularly in young patients. Additionally, a new technique called p...
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania finds that proton therapy can be as effective and safe as traditional treatments when administered in higher doses over a shorter period. The research, which included 184 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer, showed low rates of serious gastrointestinal and urologic issues.
Researchers found that proton therapy significantly lowers the risk of severe side effects in cancer patients undergoing radiation and chemotherapy, with a relative risk reduction of two-thirds. Cure rates were almost identical between groups.
A study led by Washington University School of Medicine found that proton therapy results in fewer side effects than traditional X-ray radiation therapy for many cancer patients, with similar cure rates. Proton therapy reduced the risk of severe side effects by two-thirds within 90 days of treatment.