Articles tagged with Quarks
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Nuclear physicists at Brookhaven National Laboratory's STAR detector have revealed new details about the fundamental particles that make up our world. They found more heavy particles emerging from the fat part of a collision, indicating that heavy particles get caught up in the flow of quark-gluon plasma.
The first result from Jefferson Lab's upgraded CEBAF demonstrates the feasibility of detecting a potential new form of matter, studying quark structure, and exploring universal glue. The experiment produced two ordinary mesons and studied their production mechanisms.
Scientists have observed a tiny difference in the decay patterns of beauty baryons, suggesting that antibaryons may not be identical to their matter counterparts. This finding is significant because it could provide insight into why matter survived the Big Bang while antimatter did not.
The Quark Matter 2017 conference showcases new results on ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, revealing the behavior of quarks and gluons in a primordial soup. Scientists explore the structure of nuclear matter, detecting correlations in particle characteristics to understand the dynamic behavior of quarks and gluons.
A University of Iowa physicist is searching for the 'bottom quark', a subatomic particle expected to arise from a Higgs boson's decay. Evidence of this particle could confirm the existence of the Higgs boson, a theory about how the universe works.
The Jefferson Lab-NVIDIA collaboration uses Titan's supercomputer to simulate QCD interactions, achieving speedups of seven- to tenfold for calculations. This enables researchers to explore exotic mesons and advance QCD theory.
Researchers at SISSA have developed a theoretical framework to detect confinement in ferromagnetic systems by analyzing the shape of correlations between particles. The study suggests that a flask-shaped graph indicates confined particles, providing a promising tool for experimental verification.
Researchers at the Institute of Nuclear Physics have observed a new mechanism creating particles in high-energy collisions, where charm mesons appear in pairs as often as singles. This effect plays a dominant role in producing charm particles and is expected to become more prominent in future accelerators.
Researchers at RHIC detected a key effect of the color interaction, which binds quarks within protons, for the first time. This measurement tests theoretical concepts essential for mapping the proton's three-dimensional internal structure.
Researchers at Indiana University's DZero Collaboration have detected a new form of elementary particle, dubbed X(5568), containing four different quark flavors. This discovery expands our understanding of quark matter and the fundamental nature of particles.
A study found that gentoo chick aggregations help individual chicks save energy during wet, cold conditions, but differ between colonies, suggesting a colony-specific behavior.
The Jefferson Lab accelerator has successfully delivered full-energy electrons as part of its commissioning activities for the 12 GeV Upgrade project. This achievement enables scientists to probe deeper into the nucleus of atoms and study the fundamental building blocks of matter.
RHIC scientists found that shape affects particle production and flow in collisions, enabling them to separate results by geometry. This discovery represents a paradigm shift in understanding quark-gluon plasma formation.
The US Nuclear Science Advisory Committee has released a new long-range plan for nuclear physics research, prioritizing investments in particle accelerators and neutrino studies. The plan recommends focusing on existing facilities like Jefferson Lab's 12 GeV Upgrade to unlock new scientific opportunities.
Researchers employed new theoretical approach to calculate glueball decay, achieving agreement with experimental data. The f0(1710) resonance is now considered a prime candidate for the long-sought-after glueball, composed of pure gluons.
The researchers calculated the new measurement for a critical characteristic -- mass -- of the top quark, opening the door to better understanding some of the deepest mysteries of our universe. The newly calculated measurement will help guide physicists in formulating new theories about quantum interactions and the nature of matter.
Researchers created the smallest quark-gluon plasma in proton-lead collisions, contradicting previous expectations. This discovery sheds new light on high-energy physics and helps define the conditions needed for quark-gluon plasma existence.
A Syracuse University team funded by NSF has discovered the long-sought pentaquark particle using the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The discovery confirms pentaquarks, which are formed of four quarks and one antiquark, could provide insight into ordinary baryons' properties.
Researchers confirmed two rare pentaquark states at CERN Large Hadron Collider, resolving a 51-year-old mystery. The discovery sheds light on quark binding and has significant implications for the Standard Model.
Scientists are searching for exotic mesons that don't fit traditional patterns, which could reveal new insights into QCD. The JLab team uses the Titan Supercomputer to analyze interactions between quarks and gluons in a vacuum, aiming to predict these hypothetical particles from first principles.
Physicists at Syracuse University have discovered a rare subatomic process involving the decay of the Bs meson, confirming its predicted decay into two muons. The finding provides insight into the Standard Model and offers an indirect way to test new models of physics.
A team of physicists has calculated the tiny neutron-proton mass difference using a powerful supercomputer, verifying the theory of the strong interaction. The finding confirms that neutrons are slightly more massive than protons, with a 0.14% difference, and opens up new possibilities for simulations of quarks and nuclear particles.
A team of researchers led by Kent State professor Michael Strickland has developed an exact solution to a complex physics equation, enabling more accurate modeling of the universe's earliest moments and high-energy particle collisions. The breakthrough has far-reaching implications for fields like galactic structure, supernovae, and he...
Steven Blusk's groundbreaking discovery of Xi_b'- and Xi_b*- particles has major implications for the study of quark dynamics. The unique mass of each particle is attributed to a heavyweight b quark and angular momentum, with the Xi_b*- state being slightly heavier due to its aligned spins.
The researchers suggest that dark matter may be composed of macroscopic objects, potentially assembled from ordinary and strange quarks or baryons. This idea challenges the current search for tiny exotic particles like WIMPS and axions.
Researchers propose a connection between string field theory and quantum mechanics, suggesting that string field theory could be the basis of all physics. They showed that fundamental quantum mechanical principles can be derived from the geometry of strings joining and splitting in string field theory.
Physicists at the University of Warwick have discovered a new subatomic particle, Ds3*(2860)ˉ, which contains a charm quark and has spin 3. The discovery is expected to transform our understanding of strong interactions, one of four fundamental forces. Researchers believe that studying this particle will provide valuable insights into ...
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have refined the measurement of a key property of quark-gluon plasma, revealing new insights into its ultra-hot, frictionless nature. The findings provide clues to the state of the young universe immediately after the big bang.
The article proposes a connection between SLq(2) and the standard model, where preons are creation operators for fundamental particles. This extension describes a finer level of structure than the standard model, with open problems including gravitational binding and renormalization.
Researchers have discovered indirect evidence of higher-mass strange baryons in heavy-ion collisions, which lower the temperature at which other particles 'freeze out' from quark-gluon plasma. This finding provides crucial insights into nuclear physics and the formation of matter.
Physicists confirm existence of exotic dibaryon made up of six quarks, a complex particle that could open door to new physical phenomena. The discovery was made using the WASA-at-COSY collaboration and has been published in Physical Review Letters.
Rice University physicist Wei Li is searching for the smallest and hottest drop of 'quark soup' in the universe, a liquid of subatomic particles that only appears at temperatures above 2 trillion kelvins. He will use the world's most powerful particle accelerator, LHC, to study quark-gluon plasma.
The CEBAF accelerator has achieved its highest-energy beam ever, delivering 10.5 GeV electrons to the Hall D Tagger Facility. This milestone completes two major commissioning steps needed for approval to start experimental operations following its first major upgrade.
Scientists from four experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and Fermilab's Tevatron combined their data to produce the first joint result on top quark mass measurement, achieving a precise world's best value of 173.34 GeV/c2. This collaboration showcases international collaboration in particle physics.
Physicists at Fermilab's Tevatron collider have successfully detected a rare process creating single top quarks through the weak nuclear force, completing nearly two decades of research. This achievement showcases the Standard Model's prediction and provides valuable insights into fundamental particles.
Physicists at Jefferson Lab have made a new determination of an intrinsic quark property, setting new limits for energies needed to access physics beyond the Standard Model. The experiment probed mirror symmetry in quarks, revealing a previously isolated component of the weak force.
Physicists at Wayne State University have observed 'charm mixing' in particles, a rare process where charm quarks change into their antiparticles. The discovery could reveal new insights into the universe's matter-antimatter imbalance.
Andrew Ivanov, a Kansas State University physicist, has received the Department of Energy Early Career Research Award to study the Large Hadron Collider. He aims to find a partner particle to the top quark and improve the Compact Muon Solenoid Pixel Detector system.
Richard Seto and Jing Shi, professors at the University of California, Riverside, have been elected APS Fellows for their innovative work in relativistic heavy ion physics and spin transport in organic semiconductors. Their research has led to significant discoveries in the study of hadronic matter and Quark Gluon Plasma.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory use RHIC to study the transition from quark-gluon plasma to nuclear matter, with initial hints of a phase boundary revealed. The experiment varies energy and ion types to explore the properties of primordial plasma.
Researchers at RHIC and LHC collaborate to recreate extreme conditions of early universe, studying quarks and gluons in a nearly frictionless liquid. Theoretical approaches using string theory reveal intriguing connections between QGP and conventional plasmas, superconductors, and atoms.
Higgs boson discovery is crucial for understanding particle masses. Experiments are reducing data to find patterns in particle decay, but low probabilities make some channels harder to detect. Sophisticated software filters events to record particles of interest.
Physicists from the University of Zurich detected a baryon with one light and two heavy quarks, Xi_b^*, in proton collisions at CERN's LHC. The discovery confirms the theory of quark binding and helps understand the strong interaction.
Scientists from CDF and DZero collaborations achieve precise measurement of W boson mass, an important constraint on the theorized Higgs boson. The new result provides a rigorous test of the Standard Model, which describes the properties of matter and its interactions.
The CDF collaboration observed a new neutral particle, Xi-sub-b, composed of strange, up and bottom quarks, in high-energy collisions. This discovery strengthens the understanding of how quarks form matter.
Researchers from the Belle Collaboration observed h b (pronounced h-sub-b) and h b (2P) particles in Japan's KEK particle accelerator data. This discovery will help test theories describing the strong force and provide a better understanding of the universe.
Researchers directly measure proton spin contributions from different flavored quarks for the first time. The study suggests that gluons contribute less than expected, leaving the source of spin still unknown.
Researchers have developed a new theory that describes the way quarks 'swing' inside protons using massive quantities of random numbers. This allows for more accurate numerical calculations and provides a new understanding of the data from large research groups at CERN.
An international team of scientists has discovered the most massive antinucleus ever detected at RHIC's STAR detector, containing an antiproton, antineutron, and anti-Lambda particle. The findings have significant implications for models of neutron stars and may help elucidate fundamental asymmetries in the early universe.
Researchers report the first hints of profound symmetry transformations in quarks and gluons produced in RHIC's most energetic collisions. The new results suggest that 'bubbles' formed within this hot soup may internally disobey mirror symmetry, a fundamental rule governing interactions of quarks and gluons.
Researchers achieve temperature of about 4 trillion degrees Celsius, hotter than the center of the Sun, creating a freely flowing liquid composed of quarks and gluons. This 'quark-gluon plasma' is similar to the substance that filled the universe after its birth 13.7 billion years ago.
Physicists have improved measurements of the top quark's mass, which bears on the nature of the Higgs boson. The new world average value constrains the range of possible Higgs measurements more tightly than ever.
Researchers confirm spinon confinement in a magnetic insulator, offering new ways to explore Quantum Chromodynamics. The finding is consistent with a theory developed 12 years earlier by Alexei Tsvelik.
Scientists have observed a phenomenon known as confinement of spinons in a condensed matter system, where individual particles behave like quarks. The researchers used neutron scattering experiments to study the crystal and magnetic structure, finding evidence for the confinement idea.
A recent experiment found that a proton's nearest neighbors in the nucleus may modify its internal structure, contradicting the mass-dependence picture. The study also revealed a possible new cause: the microscopic structure of nuclei, particularly in beryllium.
The CDF collaboration observes the Omega-sub-b baryon with two strange quarks and a bottom quark, confirming theoretical expectations but conflicting with a previous DZero result. The discovery strengthens physicists' confidence in their understanding of quark matter formation and opens a new window for investigating this rare object.
The discovery of single top quark production at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory marks a milestone in understanding matter and energy. This finding fills a gap in the Standard Model of the universe, solidifying knowledge of the basic components of matter.
Scientists at Fermilab's CDF experiment have found evidence of a new, unusual particle called Y(4140), which challenges our understanding of quark combinations. The particle decays into J/psi and phi particles, suggesting a possible composition of charm and anticharm quarks.
The DZero collaboration has achieved the world's most precise measurement of the W boson mass, reducing its uncertainty by a factor of ten. This precision measurement will lead to stricter bounds on the mass of the elusive Higgs boson and provide insights into other not-yet-observed particles.
A team of 28 scientists, led by Ann Heinson, has made the first observation of single-top-quark production in proton-antiproton collisions. This achievement provides crucial clues to solving long-standing mysteries about the universe, particularly in relation to the Higgs boson.