Articles tagged with Theoretical Physics
Researchers found that proteins have quick access to target genes in cells despite crowding, thanks to dynamic movements of molecules. This discovery suggests that proteins can efficiently search and bind to DNA even in busy environments.
A team of physicists has proposed an experiment that could detect entangled photons directly, paving the way for new applications in quantum physics. The experiment involves amplifying entangled photons 100-fold and using a special technique to preserve their quantum physical effect.
Researchers at Rice University suggest that actin filaments play a key role in forming and storing long-term memories by stabilizing soluble cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding proteins (CPEB) into longer, insoluble prion-like fibers. This process is thought to aggregate and encode memories in neurons' synaptic regions.
Researchers create single-particle engine that can store and generate energy, operating at 0.3% efficiency with a power output of 10^-22 watts. The device has potential applications in quantum thermodynamics and nano engineering.
Researchers Nayana Shah and Carlos Bolech found a discrepancy in the conventional approach to bosonization-debosonization, contradicting past work on quantum computers and electronic devices. Their new consistent formalism offers a general recipe for solving problems involving strong particle interactions.
Researchers have created a statistical model to forecast extreme waves, which are large and spontaneous ocean waves that can be deadly. The model uses joint statistics of multiple points in time or space to capture wave heights and turbulent air flows, greatly reducing complexity and obeying the Fokker-Planck equation.
Physicist Chandra Varma's theory has been experimentally confirmed, favoring one theory and ruling out others for high-temperature superconductivity. The research opens new prospects for studying the mechanism in other systems with strongly correlated electrons.
Researchers used new methods to model the common-envelope phase of binary stars, revealing dynamic instabilities crucial for supernova evolution. These turbulent fluctuations affect a star system's fate, influencing whether a supernova occurs and its type.
A team of scientists has proposed a two-dimensional metamaterial composed of silver elements that refracts light in an unusual way, potentially speeding up computer processing. The material could be used to develop compact optical devices and create an 'invisibility cloak'.
A mathematical problem in particle and quantum physics is provably unsolvable, showing that even a complete microscopic description cannot predict macroscopic behavior. This finding limits the extent to which we can predict the behavior of quantum materials.
Two postdoctoral scholars from UC Santa Barbara's Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics developed a method called ImSAnE, which constructs an atlas of two-dimensional maps for dynamic tissue surfaces. This allows scientists to analyze layered tissues with relative ease and reduces data size and processing time.
A team of physicists has published a new calculation that could significantly advance the indirect search for physics beyond the Standard Model. The calculation applies to rare B meson decays, which are being studied for potential clues about undiscovered subatomic particles.
Chalmers researchers have extended the lifetime of artificial atoms by up to ten times by positioning them in front of a mirror. By controlling the distance between the atom and the mirror, they can manipulate the vacuum fluctuations that cause the atom to decay. This breakthrough could lead to more precise control over quantum systems.
Researchers have successfully simulated chiral edge states in a quantum system using ultracold ytterbium atoms. The experiment demonstrates the ability to observe chiral currents at the boundaries of two-dimensional materials, similar to those observed in condensed matter physics.
Researchers have found that most ideas are generated through group work and discussions with colleagues, contrary to the traditional image of a single individual having an eureka moment. The study also highlights the importance of mundane activities like taking a bath in sparking creativity.
Researchers have made significant progress in identifying growing localised patterns as early indicators of freak waves. By resolving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, they can extract pertinent information from localised disturbances' characteristics, shedding light on complex dynamics.
A new theory suggests dark matter behaves similarly to pions, which hold atomic nuclei together. This finding resolves outstanding discrepancies in predicted mass distributions within galaxies and clusters of galaxies.
Physicists at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München use game theory to explain how bosons, which like to cluster together, form multiple groups. This understanding has led to insights into superfluidity and technologies like superconductivity.
The US National Science Foundation has awarded 10 Physics Frontiers Centers, focusing on basic research in quantum computing and fundamental physics. These collaborative environments support multidisciplinary projects and education initiatives.
Geographic tongue (GT) is characterized by evolving red patches on the tongue surface due to loss of papillae. New research reveals GT can spread in circular or spiral patterns, with spiral patterns indicating a more acute condition that lingers for a long time.
A team of physicists has calculated the tiny neutron-proton mass difference using a powerful supercomputer, verifying the theory of the strong interaction. The finding confirms that neutrons are slightly more massive than protons, with a 0.14% difference, and opens up new possibilities for simulations of quarks and nuclear particles.
Nexus theory reconciles GR and Quantum Theory, explaining dark matter as the nexus graviton's constant rotational motion. The theory also sheds light on perplexing questions in physics, including a quantum description of Black Holes without singularities.
The Nexus theory provides a self-consistent explanation for Quantum Gravity, reconciling GR with Quantum Theory. It introduces the Nexus graviton, a composite particle that induces constant rotational motion and constitutes space-time.
Physicists at TUM and University of Cologne develop theoretical description of behavior for magnetic vortices in conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. The theory predicts properties for optimal device development, promising compact frequency devices with high efficiency.
Uwe Thumm, a theoretical physicist at Kansas State University, has been awarded the prestigious Humboldt Research Award for his lifetime contributions to atomic, molecular and optical physics. The award recognizes his fundamental discoveries and new theories that significantly influenced his field.
Researchers at the University of Southampton have proposed a new fundamental particle that could explain why Dark Matter remains undetected. The particle interacts strongly with normal matter, making it a promising candidate for detection in space experiments.
A team of physicists has found that protons and neutrons in large atomic nuclei do not behave as predicted by existing models. The researchers used experimental data from various elements to fit parameters into the current model, showing that quantum effects and nuclear vibrations have a lower impact on individual particles than thought.
A new study by Professor Ulf-G Meißner finds that fundamental physics constants are fine-tuned to allow for the emergence of a life-enabling universe. The researcher used high-performance computers to simulate worlds with altered light quark masses and found that variations up to 2-3% do not prevent the formation of carbon and oxygen.
Physicists at Goethe University Frankfurt have used the COLTRIMS reaction microscope to demonstrate that the structure of the helium-3 molecule is a 'cloud' rather than a solid structure. The results resolve a long-standing dispute in theoretical physics and show that all possible configurations are equally probable.
Researchers developed computer models that match experimental results, explaining the dynamic processes behind essential cell components. Microtubule stability is crucial for cell survival, and the study provides new insights into how cells maintain or dismantle these structures.
Two new baryon particles, Xi_b'- and Xi_b*, have been discovered in accordance with a prediction made by York University Professor Randy Lewis and Richard Woloshyn in 2009. The discovery was made using the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.
Researchers sent twisted light beams across Vienna, encoding images and demonstrating increased data-carrying capacity. The technology could significantly increase data-rates in classical communication and make secret keys tougher to crack in quantum communication.
Researchers describe the Terasaki ramps in the endoplasmic reticulum as spiral structures that connect parallel sheets, allowing for high density of ribosomes. This geometry is stable and minimizes energy, consistent with the laminar structure of the stacks.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology and Washington University in St. Louis have confirmed a paradoxical laser effect, where energy loss can turn lasers on. By carefully tuning the amount of light lost through a chromium needle, they were able to switch the laser system on.
Junior Professor Román Orús of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz has been awarded the 2014 EPS Early Career Prize for his work on tensor network techniques and quantum entanglement. The prize recognizes his significant contributions to European research in physics.
Scientists simulate nano-bearings made of C60 flake to study friction reduction. However, results show no significant decrease in friction when the flake is attached in a way that prevents rotation.
A new partnership between NSF, NCI, SU2C, and The V Foundation will explore transformative, theoretical biophysics for cancer research and treatment. This collaboration aims to merge life sciences with physical, computational, and engineering sciences to develop innovative approaches.
The Center for Theoretical Biological Physics at Rice University has received a five-year, $11.75 million grant from the NSF to support its work on applying physical science to new aspects of the natural world. Researchers will develop concepts, models and methods that quantitatively describe processes in living systems.
Rice University theorists show that energy landscapes dominate both evolution and folding of proteins. The team used computer models to compare the folding of natural proteins from eons to seconds, revealing a common connection between evolution and physics.
The BICEP2 collaboration has published nuanced findings on microwave sky patterns, suggesting possible primordial gravitational waves. However, they acknowledge the presence of galactic dust as a potential explanation for the signals.
The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory has received funding to study the role of plasma in nanoparticle synthesis, a process used in various applications including energy technologies and pharmaceutical products. Key researchers will investigate complex interactions between hot plasma gas and material synthesis.
Scientists detect the first Thorne-Żytkow object, a bizarre type of hybrid star formed from red supergiant and neutron stars. The discovery provides evidence for a new model of stellar interiors and offers insights into heavy element production in the universe.
Researchers at Kansas State University are developing a way to enhance high-order harmonics to create powerful small tabletop light sources. They propose synthesizing two- or three-color laser fields to optimize harmonic intensity, potentially leading to new applications in science and technology.
Smaller laser-plasma accelerators could accelerate particles to high energies, potentially reducing the cost of high-energy physics research and industrial applications. The new technology uses a combination of lasers to create an incoherent wakefield, which would allow for more sustainable and affordable accelerators.
Researchers challenge previous predictions suggesting a potential breach of the third law of thermodynamics at extremely low temperatures. They demonstrate that particles confined within finite volumes, even at zero temperature, do not violate the law.
A new 5-qubit array demonstrates improved reliability in quantum computing, a crucial step towards building a functional quantum computer. The team's findings are based on theoretical work by Austin Fowler and the surface code architecture, which provides a way to control qubits properly.
Scientists at Yale have confirmed a long-held theoretical prediction in physics, improving the energy storage time of a quantum switch. The breakthrough opens new frontiers for quantum information processing and measurement systems.
Researchers Artur Ekert and Renato Renner propose a way to use quantum properties of particles of light to share secret keys for secure communication. They found that certain correlations can protect us against adversaries with superior technology, even if our choices are not completely predictable.
Physicist Chris Adami has solved the information paradox in Hawking's black hole theory by introducing the concept of stimulated emission. According to Adami, the information swallowed by a black hole is copied and preserved outside the event horizon through stimulated emission.
Researchers from University of Waterloo and Harvard discover pseudogap phase's quantum states, which could unlock room-temperature superconductors. The findings address a crucial unsolved problem in theoretical condensed matter physics.
Carlo Di Castro reflects on the development of theoretical condensed matter physics in Rome, highlighting key areas like superfluid helium, quantum systems, and high-temperature superconductors. He shares personal anecdotes about his research policy experiences and the evolution of his field.
Researchers at Virginia Tech used experimental measurements and analysis software to understand how fruit bats use their wings to manipulate airflow. They found that bat wings can generate forces up to two-to-three times greater than a static airfoil wing, making them ideal for designing micro air vehicles with flapping wings.
Renowned physicist Lawrence Krauss believes science fiction is not a match for reality. He argues that science fiction often fails to capture the complexity of scientific discoveries. Meanwhile, Krauss suggests exploring real-world applications of science fiction concepts, such as warp drive and teleportation, which may be possible in ...
Researchers have successfully produced artificial graphene from traditional semiconductor materials, opening up new possibilities for high-performance photovoltaic cells, lasers, LED lighting, and more. The discovery was made by a team of scientists at the University of Luxembourg and published in Physical Review X.
Researchers measured the electric dipole moment of electrons to probe the Standard Model's limitations. Their results suggest that supersymmetric particles may not exist as predicted, leaving gaps in our understanding of dark matter and the universe.
Researchers observed 'dissipation' peaks in NbSe2 due to frictional force, related to charge density waves. Their theoretical model reproduces experimental data, shedding light on nanofriction mechanisms underlying energy losses.
Researchers have successfully demonstrated how complex theoretical physics can be transformed into a physical object using a 3D printer. They created an 8 cm3 object based on a mathematical model describing forest fires, which could be used to produce works of art or transform scientific discussions.
A team of biochemists and mathematicians developed a geometric model to predict how biological molecules interact with water, computing results up to 20 times faster. This approach may help identify new targets for treating human diseases.
Scientists demonstrated a breakthrough in quantum cryptography, enabling perfectly secure data transmission between two sites for up to fifteen milliseconds. This achievement marks the first step towards impregnable information networks controlled by Einstein's relativity and quantum theory.
A new mixing strategy using synchronized flows of jets has been developed to optimize mixers in industrial products. The 'cat's eyes flip flow' is a promising solution that increases performance while reducing energy consumption, making the process more environmentally friendly.