Articles tagged with Wavelengths
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A NASA-developed nanotech-based coating absorbs on average more than 99 percent of ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and far-infrared light, making it useful for suppressing stray light in space instruments. This material can help scientists gather hard-to-obtain measurements of distant objects without interference from background light.
Astronomers have identified 13 new diffuse interstellar bands with the longest wavelengths to date, which could help explain the presence of large organic molecules in space. The discovery supports recent ideas that these molecules, or 'carriers,' are hidden in interstellar dust clouds.
The new superlattice cameras can detect multiple infrared wavelengths simultaneously, enabling real-time chemical spectroscopy and enhanced image processing. These advancements offer unique functionalities beyond color representation, making them an attractive technology for various applications.
Researchers found 15% of flares have a late phase with increased energy output. This discovery could improve predictions of space weather affecting Earth's communications and GPS signals.
The Stevens team uses holographic lithography to create uniform arrays of metallic nanostructures, enabling the production of high-quality, large-scale plasmonic nanogap arrays. This breakthrough technique reduces costs and infrastructure, paving the way for applications in miniaturized photonic circuits and ultrasensitive sensing.
Researchers developed a new type of laser scanning confocal microscope that can gather spectrographic information from every point in a sample at a wide range of wavelengths in a single scan. This allows for high-resolution pictures and potential detection of early signs of melanoma.
Researchers at NIST have created a dense array of extra-long carbon nanotubes called VANTA, which absorbs nearly all light of long wavelengths, making it a promising coating for prototype detectors. The coating is easy to handle and has desirable thermal properties.
Researchers at NIST have developed a tungsten-silicon alloy that significantly improves the efficiency of ultrafast single-photon detectors, enabling their use in quantum communications and computing systems. The new detection method can capture photons across longer wavelengths, including those used in telecommunications.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a model that can find optimal fiber optic network connections significantly faster and more efficiently. The model breaks down the complex problem into smaller units, allowing for faster design and re-design cycles.
A new microspectrometer architecture using compact disc-shaped resonators has achieved high resolution and wide bandwidth, enabling miniaturized spectrometers with improved performance. The device can be integrated with other devices and is suitable for various applications in biological, chemical, medical, and pharmaceutical fields.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed an improved imaging method using fluorescent carbon nanotubes that allows them to see centimeters deep into a mouse with far more clarity than conventional dyes provide. This breakthrough enables the simultaneous drug delivery and imaging of internal organs in real-time.
Beetle researchers have discovered that the unique structural arrangements of exo-skeletal chitin layers in their elytra create a metallic appearance by reflecting light through different refractive indices. This phenomenon enables the beetles to produce striking gold and silver colors, similar to those found in precious metals.
Qiaoqiang Gan and his team have developed nanoplasmonic structures that can slow broadband light waves, allowing them to trap multiple wavelengths of light on a single chip. This breakthrough could lead to significant increases in processing and transmission capacity for optical data storage and communications.
Scientists at nanoGUNE have successfully transmitted and focused infrared light with miniature transmission lines, enabling single molecule spectroscopy and sensitive optical detection. The technique uses tapered transmission lines to confine light down to nanometer scales.
A team of Lehigh researchers successfully trapped a rainbow of broadband light using plasmonic structures, slowing down light waves over a broad range of wavelengths. The experiment demonstrated the feasibility of this technology for improving data storage and optical data processing.
Researchers developed a groundbreaking nano-laser called Spaser, which can be as small as needed to fuel future technologies. The device uses surface plasma waves, allowing it to operate at speeds 100 times greater than current devices.
Researchers developed a new intense 13.5-nm light source using tin and lithium plasmas, which can reduce feature size by an order of magnitude, resolving the fundamental limit in semiconductor manufacturing. The technology has shown promising results, with tin plasmas producing twice as much emission as lithium plasmas.
The new infrared camera features a 16-fold increase in pixels, enabling higher-resolution images in the dark. The Type-II superlattice technology reduces mercury content and improves uniformity, increasing yield and reducing cost.
Researchers at Queen's University have discovered a way to detect oxygen in complex biomolecular systems, revolutionizing the study of proteins, DNA, RNA and other molecules. This breakthrough allows scientists to examine all four major elements and learn more about their chemical structure and interactions.
Researchers at NIST demonstrated the conversion of near-infrared single photons to a near-visible wavelength, aiding hybrid quantum systems. This enables devices to generate and store photons with conflicting requirements, enhancing quantum communication, computation, and metrology.
Scientists at Georgia Tech have developed a technique to convert photons carrying quantum data to telecom wavelengths suitable for long-distance transmission on optical fiber. This innovation boosts quantum memory times, enabling the creation of a possible prototype system for secure information distribution over long distances.
Astronomers have found evidence for stellar cannibalism in the star BP Piscium, which appears to be an old red giant. The discovery suggests that stars like our Sun may engulf companion stars or planets as they age.
Physicists at China's Wuhan University discovered a new way to measure absolute distances and distance changes using a plasmon ruler. By combining nanospheres with a nanorod dimer, they found that the resonance wavelength shift increases linearly with the increasing of a nanosphere's interparticle separations.
SOFIA's infrared telescope will study the Milky Way's galactic center, detecting heat radiation not visible to human eyes. The mission aims to understand star formation in the presence of a supermassive black hole.
German and Swiss researchers have developed a 3D LCD flat-screen monitor capable of displaying high-definition images without the need for red and green glasses. The Dualplex Display technology offers improved image quality, reduced eye strain, and wider viewing angles, making it suitable for both consumer and professional markets.
Intel Corporation showcased its 50Gbps Silicon Photonics Link prototype, the world's first silicon-based optical data connection, at IPR. The link achieved speeds of up to 50 gigabits of data per second, surpassing electrical solutions.
Brendan Reagan, a Colorado State University graduate student, has won the prestigious Theodore Maiman Student Paper Competition with his work on a compact X-ray laser. The technology developed by his team can be used to create extremely small patterns and manipulate materials in ways that visible light cannot.
Researchers can now analyze smaller concentrations of gases with improved precision using PNNL's low-noise current controller technology. This device reduces noise in laser power sources, allowing scientists to detect smaller levels of trace gases and enabling more accurate atmospheric gas concentration measurements.
Researchers have designed and tested experimental antennas that are highly efficient and remarkably small, potentially useful for emergency communications devices, micro-sensors, and portable ground-penetrating radars. The novel antennas radiate up to 95% of an input radio signal while defying normal design parameters.
The ALMA team successfully linked three antennas, correcting errors that can arise when using only two antennas, paving the way for precise, high-resolution imaging. The successful test shows that the completed ALMA system of 66 high-tech antennas will produce astronomical images of unprecedented quality.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new method to tune terahertz quantum cascade lasers, enabling the creation of compact and tunable scanners capable of identifying explosives. The technique involves manipulating the transverse mode of the laser using a mechanical lever, allowing for precise control over the emitted frequency.
Researchers from Harvard University and their international team have developed compact, multibeam lasers that can emit multiple wavelengths in the infrared spectrum. This adaptable technology has potential use in applications such as remote chemical sensing, optical wireless, and interferometry.
Researchers have developed a tiny, gold nanocage that responds to light and releases carefully titrated amounts of chemotherapy drugs at specific tissue sites. The system is designed to maximize the beneficial effects of the medication while minimizing side effects.
Researchers at KIT have successfully manufactured the world's smallest optical nanoantennas from gold using electron beam lithography. These nanoantennas enable rapid information transmission and are considered a major basis for new optical high-speed data networks.
Researchers from BUSM found that the 940nm wavelength laser is more effective in treating facial telangiectasias due to its superior penetration of the dermis and slower heating of vessels. This results in less pain and side effects compared to the 532nm wavelength.
The ALMA telescope has successfully transported its first antenna to a high-altitude site in Chile, marking the start of the next phase of the project. The move allows for improved astronomical observations using millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths, key to exploring cosmic origins.
The sun undergoes intense fluctuations every 11 years, but most of it remains invisible to human eyes due to its high-energy EUV radiation. The new EVE sensor will improve our understanding of the sun's behavior and potential changes by measuring EUV emissions with unprecedented accuracy.
By using a special design and the principle of anti-reflective layers, researchers have made graphene visible on gallium arsenide. This achievement enables the measurement of electrical properties of the new material combination, paving the way for further research and development in electronics.
Researchers create new cloaking technique that uses electromagnetic fields to protect objects from incoming waves. The method has potential applications in shielding submarines, planes, buildings and coastal structures from various threats.
MIT researchers have confirmed a long-predicted breakdown in Planck's blackbody radiation law, allowing for increased heat transfer between objects. The discovery has significant implications for applications such as hard disk storage and energy harvesting from wasted heat.
Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have discovered a way to unleash high-energy X-rays with relatively high intensity using longer wavelength lasers on heavier gaseous atoms. This breakthrough could lead to more powerful and precise X-ray machines, enabling real-time imaging of patients' hearts and microscopic structures.
A rare radio supernova has been detected in the nearby galaxy M82, providing valuable opportunities for studying star formation and supernovas. The discovery was made using the Allen Telescope Array, which will also search for intelligent life signals around other stars.
Astronomers have devised a technique to identify liquid water on exoplanets similar to Earth, which could indicate potential for life. The method uses observations of light intensity from Earth in visible light bands, revealing dominant colors that suggest land masses and oceans.
A new method has been found to accurately determine the intrinsic brightness of Type Ia supernovae, enabling better cosmic distance measurements. This breakthrough uses a spectroscopic ratio and eliminates uncertainty caused by intervening dust or host galaxy type.
Researchers at MIT have developed a novel method for creating exceptionally fine lines on microchips, overcoming fundamental limits in light-based technologies. The technique uses interference patterns to produce transparent lines interspersed with opaque material.
Scientists reveal that half of the Universe's starlight originates from young, star-forming galaxies billions of light-years away. The discovery was made using a two-tonne telescope carried by a balloon, and analyzes data from the Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Sub-millimeter Telescope (BLAST) project.
A new detection technique using polarized light helps accurately measure aerosol composition, size, and global distribution. The Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor instrument measures aerosols over land, providing greater accuracy compared to previous methods.
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has detected the most extreme gamma-ray burst yet, emitting energies 3,000 to 5 billion times that of visible light. The burst, GRB 080916C, occurred at a distance of 12.2 billion light-years away and is believed to be powered by an exotic massive star running out of nuclear fuel.
Researchers at Lehigh University have developed a nanoscale grating structure that can trap and release light waves at multiple locations and different frequencies. The structure, made of graded metal depths, enables the control of light waves on a chip, paving the way for applications in spectroscopy, sensing, and medical imaging.
In a groundbreaking study, scientists have discovered that stars were forming at an incredible rate in the core region of an infant galaxy. With a diameter of just 4000 light-years, the star-forming core of J1148+5251 is incredibly productive and reaches its physical limit.
A UCI study finds that sulfuryl fluoride stays in the atmosphere nearly 10 times longer than previously thought, with potential to trap heat near the surface. The insecticide's global warming potential surpasses carbon dioxide from 1 million vehicles annually.
Researchers have developed a new class of fluorescent probes called hydrocyanines to detect reactive oxygen species. The dyes can be used for deep tissue imaging in vivo and show promise for detecting overproduction of reactive oxygen species at an early stage, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis of inflammatory diseases.
Scientists at Emory University have developed strain-tuned quantum dots with new optical properties, reducing toxicity and size limitations. These particles can be made mostly of zinc and selenium, emitting light at near-infrared wavelengths, which could improve biomedical imaging and optoelectronics.
The Extended Submillimeter Array (eSMA) enables the study of the formation of new stars and planets using submillimetre light. Post-doc Sandrine Bottinelli used the telescope to determine the ratio of atomic to molecular carbon in an extremely distant galaxy.
Engineers at UC Berkeley develop a new way to create computer chips by combining metal lenses with excitable electrons to achieve higher resolution detail. The technique could lead to ultra-high density disks holding 10-100 times more data than today.
A team of scientists has discovered a new population of colliding galaxy clusters that were previously undetected at shorter wavelengths. The discovery confirms theoretical predictions about particle acceleration through turbulent waves generated by violent collisions.
Researchers from UC San Diego and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have eliminated one model explaining the unusual oxygen isotope mix found in a stony meteorite. The team found that molecular symmetry, rather than photoshielding, is responsible for the anomaly, which challenges our understanding of solar system formation.
Researchers at UC Berkeley develop breakthrough metamaterials with negative refraction, enabling higher resolution optical imaging and potential applications for nanocircuits and invisibility cloaks. The materials can bend visible and near-infrared light backwards, a crucial step towards practical applications.
Researchers have discovered unique structures of uncharged gold nano particles, which could lead to breakthroughs in catalysts for chemical reactions. The structures, formed by arranging seven gold atoms in a triangle with an additional vertex, were revealed through innovative combination of infrared spectrometry and mass spectrometry.
A team of scientists found that blackcap birds can distinguish between genuine and fake cuckoo eggs by altering the UV reflectivity. The study, published in The Journal of Experimental Biology, shows that when blackcap eggs are coated with a UV blocker or Vaseline, they are rejected by the parents.