Articles tagged with Interferometry
A new approach to atom interferometers allows for highly sensitive measurements of gravity and could be used in tests of general relativity. The trapped atom design greatly enhances sensitivity and precision over previous iterations, improving the signal-to-noise ratio by over 10,000-fold.
Researchers at PSI have developed a new method to precisely measure strong magnetic fields using polarized neutrons. This allows them to visualize and quantify inhomogeneous and anisotropic magnetic fields, with applications in alternators, MRI systems, and other devices.
The NIST team has upgraded their compact atomic gyroscope to enable simultaneous measurement of rotation, rotation angle and acceleration with a single source of atoms. The instrument's sensitivities for the magnitude and direction of the rotation measurements are approaching those achieved by other research groups using larger atom in...
Researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute have developed an experimental platform that exceeds the Standard Quantum Limit, enabling precise force and position measurements. The breakthrough has potential implications for gravitational wave astronomy techniques and biological applications, offering a 30% improvement in precision.
Researchers at the University of Bern have successfully demonstrated wave behavior in a single positron interference experiment, proving the quantum-mechanical origin of the observed pattern. The experiment used an innovative Talbot-Lau interferometer and nuclear emulsion detector to achieve micrometric resolution.
The GRAVITY instrument has made the first direct observation of an exoplanet, revealing a complex atmosphere with clouds of iron and silicates swirling in a planet-wide storm. This achievement showcases the unique possibilities for characterising many known exoplanets.
A research team at DGIST has successfully developed a high-performance color filter-free image sensor, which performs both electrode and color filter functions. The image sensor is thin enough to be applied to flexible wearable devices with a pixel thickness of less than 800nm.
A NASA-industry team successfully built and demonstrated a prototype quantum sensor for satellite gravimetry, enabling highly sensitive gravity measurements. The sensor employs atom interferometry, a technique that could revolutionize next-generation geodesy, hydrology, and climate-monitoring missions.
Researchers have created a global map of atmospheric ammonia distribution using satellite data from 2008 to 2016. The study identified over 200 new sources, including sites of intensive livestock production and industrial activity, which were previously underestimated.
The BIG Bell Test challenged Einstein's local realism by using human volunteers' unpredictable choices to close a stubborn loophole. Participants contributed over 90 million bits, demonstrating strong disagreement with local realism and introducing new methods in entanglement study.
Researchers at NIST and NIH developed a new method that uses movable silicon gratings to focus neutron beams, allowing for the examination of objects at unprecedented scales. This breakthrough could complement existing scanning techniques, enabling scientists to probe the interiors of materials without damaging them.
Researchers at MIT's Media Lab have developed a new approach to time-of-flight imaging that increases depth resolution 1,000-fold. This breakthrough could enable accurate distance measurements through fog, a major obstacle to self-driving cars, and improve the resolution of existing systems.
Researchers at UC Berkeley found that blackbody radiation from a warm object can attract cesium atoms, with an effect 20 times stronger than gravity. This discovery has implications for precise measurements of fundamental constants and tests of general relativity.
Physicists at the University of Queensland developed a new technique to reduce errors in atom measurement devices, boosting precision by exploiting quantum entanglement. This improvement enables more flexible design and operation of these quantum sensors, potentially moving experimental physics into real-world applications.
The LIGO team detected gravitational waves from colliding black holes, providing a new way to explore the cosmos. Advanced optical interferometers enabled these breakthroughs, allowing scientists to study powerful astrophysical events.
A team of astronomers has created the first two-dimensional velocity map of a star's atmosphere using ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer. The study reveals turbulent, low-density gas much further from the star than predicted, challenging current theories on convection.
Physicists from the University of Liverpool have made a significant breakthrough in probing the 'dark content' of the universe using a novel experiment based on quantum interferometry. The experiment relies on ultra-cold atoms and could have far-reaching applications in navigation, gravity scanning, and understanding dark energy.
Researchers create novel two-dimensional quantum materials with breakthrough electrical and magnetic attributes, enabling faster and more powerful computers. The materials, which push the speed of electronic signals to nearly the speed of light, have potential applications in next-generation quantum computers.
Researchers at University of Queensland and University of Sussex have developed a way to recycle atoms, improving the performance of atom interferometers. This technique enables ultra-precise measurements of accelerations, rotations, and gravitational fields, with applications in mineral exploration, hydrology, and navigation.
A team of researchers has devised a new way to implement large-scale interferometers that can dramatically miniaturize optical processing circuitry. By leveraging recent breakthroughs in quantum information, the 'measurement-based linear optics' technique harnesses existing compact methods for generating large-scale cluster states.
LIGO researcher Gabriela González has received the National Academy of Sciences Award for Scientific Discovery for her work on gravitational wave astronomy. She shares the award with David Howard Reitze and Peter R. Saulson, who have also contributed significantly to the field over 19 years.
Engineers successfully completed the first Center of Curvature test for the James Webb Space Telescope's primary mirror, measuring its shape and alignment with incredible precision. The test will be repeated after launch environment testing to confirm the optics' performance in space.
Scientists using cosmological simulations and gravitational wave signals predict initial mass of supermassive black hole seeds. The research aims to uncover mechanism that created these massive black holes and when they formed in the early Universe.
Physicists from Russia and France have devised a method to create a quantum entangled state, enabling precise measurement of large distances. This technique could improve the accuracy of optical interferometers used in gravitational wave detection.
Swiss researchers improve an interferometry technique to directly exploit fringe interference, acquiring high-resolution images without the need for a G2 grating or small pixel detectors. The new setup increases flux efficiency by a factor of two and reduces overall production costs.
VIPA-based Brillouin spectroscopy enables accurate tissue stiffness measurement by suppressing unwanted light noise. The technique allows for noninvasive biological characterization of materials like chicken breast or potentially cancerous tumors.
Researchers from Brown University have developed a technique that eliminates the need for highly specialized external light sources, enabling more versatile and compact devices. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of hand-held environmental sensors and biosensors that can perform complete blood workups from single drops.
The Visible Nulling Coronagraph (VNC) technology has demonstrated improved sensitivity over a broader spectral range, making it a stronger contender for a future astrophysics mission. The instrument will enable spectroscopy to study exoplanet atmospheres and identify signs of life.
Scientists at Joint Quantum Institute successfully control orbital angular momentum of neutron waves, a fundamental property of matter waves. The achievement uses a counterintuitive property of neutrons to twist the phase of their wavefunction, enabling potential applications in neutron imaging and quantum information processing.
A team of scientists is using an optical interferometer to monitor the growth of stem cells on tiny polymer spheres, enabling large-scale production and quality control. The device takes images as the tank is stirred, allowing researchers to track cell confluence and morphology.
Researchers propose a mesh of Mach-Zehnder interferometers to overcome limitations in traditional optics, enabling perfect performance. This approach enables the creation of custom optical devices with improved power consumption and sensitivity.
A new type of electro-optic modulator is smaller, faster, and cheaper than traditional models, using plasmon-polaritons to enhance its performance. The device consumes much less energy than current commercial devices, making it a crucial step towards reducing the environmental impact of data transmission.
Researchers have developed a novel deformation monitoring technique using bistatic differential interferometry with GNSS as transmitters, achieving high accuracy and low cost. The method combines DGNSS and D-InSAR for real-time subsidence monitoring, potentially replacing traditional techniques and enhancing national security.
A novel deformation monitoring method using bistatic differential interferometry GNSS as illuminators offers high accuracy, low cost, and real-time subsidence monitoring for high-speed railway roadbed. The system combines DGNSS and D-In-SAR techniques to achieve better than 1mm real-time accuracy.
Researchers at ICFO have demonstrated a nonlinear interferometer that can measure tiny magnetization with improved sensitivity. This breakthrough confirms theoretical predictions and paves the way for more accurate quantum measurements.
The new sensor uses dye chemistry and plasmonic interferometry to selectively measure glucose concentrations in complex solutions like human saliva. It can detect changes in glucose concentration of 0.1 micromoles per liter, which is 10 times more sensitive than previous methods.
NASA technologists aim to apply emerging atom-optics technology to map variations in Earth's gravity field with picometer-level sensitivity. The technology could chart changes in the gravitational field over time, providing valuable insights into climate change and water cycles.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology developed a new Mach-Zehnder interferometer using Bose-Einstein condensates, reducing quantum noise by three times. This resulted in improved precision and measurement time, multiplying the original value by three.
Researchers at the University of Vienna have developed a novel way to manipulate massive particles using nanosecond long flashes of laser light, enabling precise measurements of small forces and fields. This breakthrough allows for the investigation of quantum wave nature in both single molecules and clusters of molecules.
Holger Müller's Compton clock measures time using the oscillations of a cesium atom's matter wave, which has a frequency 10 billion times higher than visible light. The clock is accurate to within 7 parts per billion and could potentially rival atomic clocks with further improvements.
Scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center are developing atom-optics technology to directly detect gravitational waves, which could revolutionize astrophysics. The technology uses atomic interferometry to measure minute changes in space-time.
Researchers at Caltech engineer a new class of microsensors using laser light, enabling detection of motions in tens of microseconds. The sensors can measure both extremely small and large accelerations, making them valuable for various applications including oil and gas exploration and biomedical uses.
Researchers have successfully split a single atom into its two halves, pulled them apart and reunited them again. This achievement showcases the potential of quantum mechanics in simulating complex systems, such as topological isolators and photo¬synthesis.
Scientists have developed a new X-ray imaging method that improves contrast in computed tomography scans without increasing radiation dose. The technique, called grating interferometry, uses microstructures to enhance contrast and can be combined with clinical CT scanners.
Scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center are developing an infinitely smaller segmented mirror, called the Multiple Mirror Array (MMA), that will revolutionize space-based telescopes. The MMA promises to detect, image, and characterize planets beyond our solar system from a high-altitude balloon.
New stitching technique improves measurement of large aspheres in optics industry. Wavefront sensing technology enhances eye health diagnosis and treatment in medical industry.
The Galileo program seeks to bridge the precision fiber optic controls and long-baseline astronomical interferometry technical communities to enable faster imaging of objects in geosynchronous orbit. By harnessing the power of flexible fiber optics, researchers aim to create a new means of better, faster imaging of objects in GEO.
Researchers at NIST have developed a new device that can perform neutron interferometry in a much smaller space, increasing its sensitivity and speed. This innovation could enable the technique to be used in industries such as materials science and manufacturing.
A team of researchers led by University of Toronto physicist Aephraim Steinberg successfully reconstructed the full trajectories of light particles moving through a two-slit interferometer, a historic experiment that has puzzled physicists for decades. This achievement provides new insights into quantum mechanics and its interpretations.
Researchers used interferometry to take close-up pictures of the winter star Regulus, finding that the actual temperature difference between its equator and poles is much less than previously thought. The study's findings challenge a century-old theory, highlighting the importance of accurate measurements in astronomy.
The Avogadro project has achieved a milestone in measuring the Avogadro constant with unprecedented precision, using a highly enriched single crystal of silicon-28. The measurement uncertainty has been reduced to 3 × 10^(-22), enabling a more accurate definition of the kilogram based on fundamental constants.
Researchers at NIST and Georgia Tech have developed a new technique to analyze multilayer graphene, revealing the rotational orientation of graphene sheets and mapping stress fields. The method uses atomic scale moiré patterns to measure strain in graphene layers with high sensitivity.
The NIST team has built an ultra-stable instrument for tugging on chains of atoms, achieving results that require heroic efforts at vibration isolation. The new instrument enables the direct measurement of force between two gold atoms, giving researchers a direct method to calibrate their equipment.
A new experiment using an atom interferometer has confirmed Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity by measuring the gravitational redshift with unprecedented precision. The result shows that gravity changes the flow of time, a concept fundamental to the theory, and demonstrates the accuracy of Einstein's predictions.
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration have set the most stringent limits yet on the amount of gravitational waves that could have come from the Big Bang. The analysis of data taken over a two-year period has constrained current theories about universe formation, including models of cosmic strings and superstrings.
A new analysis by LIGO and Virgo Collaborations has set the most stringent limits yet on gravitational waves from the Big Bang, offering insight into the universe's earliest history. The study constrains models of cosmic strings and provides new constraints on the behavior of the infant universe.
Researchers from Penn State and LIGO Scientific Collaboration have put new constraints on the details of the universe's earliest moments, setting limits on gravitational waves that could have come from the Big Bang. The analysis provides vital clues to understanding how the structure of the universe evolved.
UC Berkeley researchers have found that Betelgeuse, the bright reddish star in the constellation Orion, has steadily shrunk over the past 15 years. The star's diameter has decreased by more than 15% since 1993, a change that is striking to observe.
Tabetha Boyajian, a GSU astronomy graduate student, has been awarded the prestigious Hubble Fellowship to pursue postdoctoral research on stellar sizes and planetary systems. She will use the CHARA Array to measure the size of stars and determine their effective temperature, shedding light on the habitable zones of planets.
SHIMMER successfully observed Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) during the northern season of 2008, measuring diurnal variation with a single peak per day. The observation is unique among satellites that have studied PMCs and has important implications for inferring long-term trends from historical space-based observations.