Articles tagged with Lattice Models
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers find that triangular-patterned materials can exhibit a mashup of three different phases, with each phase overlapping and competing for dominance. As temperature increases, the material becomes more ordered due to the breaking down of these competing electron arrangements.
Researchers at Shinshu University developed a new purification protocol for Postsynaptic density (PSD) lattice, a core structure of the PSD of excitatory synapses. They identified tubulin as a major component of the MEC, with non-microtubule tubulin widely distributed on the purified PSD lattice.
Scientists have directly observed and measured the novel phenomenon of antichiral edge states in a circuit lattice. The results demonstrate that these edge states exhibit counter-propagating bulk states, opening new avenues for exploring the properties of antichiral edge states.
Scientists transform circles into squares by temporarily softening a stiff material using capillary force, allowing for durable and reversible topological changes. The new approach enables applications in information encryption, selective particle trapping, and tunable mechanical properties.
A new machine-learning algorithm reveals multiple possible conformations of proteins that can be determined experimentally using cryo-electron microscopy. The researchers used this technique to study ribosome assembly and identified a new ribosomal state, as well as visualized large-scale flexible motions of the spliceosome.
A Cornell-led collaboration has successfully created a solid-state platform to simulate the Hubbard model in two dimensions, mapping a longstanding conundrum in physics: the phase diagram of the triangular lattice Hubbard model. The team observed a Mott insulating state and mapped the system's magnetic phase diagram.
Researchers develop a machine capable of solving complex theoretical physics problems, outperforming humans in speed and accuracy. The machine successfully reproduces phase diagrams and independently figures out mathematical equations, opening up new possibilities for quantum computing.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding magnetic quantum effects in solids, finding that they only occur within narrow parameter ranges. The study sheds light on the behavior of spin systems at different temperatures and interaction parameters.
Researchers developed a new method to predict lattice thermal conductivity of solids with high accuracy, removing the need for fitting parameters. This improvement enables more precise design of thermally resistive materials, including those used in thermoelectrics.
Kanazawa University researcher Hajime Moriya shows that the extended Nicolai supersymmetric fermion lattice model breaks supersymmetry and has a strictly positive energy density for any homogeneous ground state. This contradicts previous claims that supersymmetry may be restored in the infinite-volume limit.
A new model by the University of Tokyo Institute of Industrial Science has shed light on the physical principle behind controlling crystal materials. The findings have practical benefits for applications such as non-volatile memory devices and electro-mechanical actuators.
Researchers calculate fundamental property of protons and neutrons with unprecedented 1 percent precision, matching long-standing experimental results. The new calculation provides a critical benchmark for applying lattice QCD to nuclear physics problems, which could aid in dark matter searches and answer outstanding questions about th...
Scientists from Boston College and Harvard have successfully created a copper iridate metal oxide that meets the Kitaev model's standards, enabling a chemical entity known as a 'spin liquid' with free-flowing properties. The material's unique honeycomb structure disrupts natural magnetic order, producing geometric frustration.
Raul Briceno receives Kenneth G. Wilson Award for his groundbreaking contributions to lattice field theory, enabling research on nuclear matter resonances using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics.
Researchers designed a new focusing method for HIFU therapy, generating a subwavelength-scale focal region and extremely high ultrasound intensity. The lattice Boltzmann method modeling improves acoustic simulations and provides detailed information needed for estimating transducer performance.
Researchers have discovered a systematic approach to inducing large-amplitude vibrations in graphene models, leading to increased conductivity. The findings offer a valuable theoretical basis for future experimental work, opening up new avenues for smart materials and all-optical networks.
A new study reveals that the head, upper arms, upper legs, and thighs are significant sources of drag for downhill skiers, with potential applications in designing better ski equipment and improving performance.
Researchers developed a theoretical framework to understand cooperation in competing populations, applying it to consensus votes and epidemic models. The model shows that long-range spatial correlations affect switching between cooperative and non-cooperative behavior.
Researchers found that small imprecisions in surface lattice sites can affect the density of deposited particles, leading to less efficient deposition processes and lower ultimate coverage. This study suggests that a certain degree of relaxation may be more effective in improving dense structures.
Researchers at MIT and Cambridge University discovered that bacteria streaming through a lattice behave like electrons in a magnetic material. By tuning the lattice dimensions, they can direct billions of microbes to align and swim in the same direction, similar to electrons orbiting around atomic nuclei.
Researchers have discovered a multifractal spatial structure in disordered materials that can turn them from conductors to insulators. This finding has significant implications for understanding the behavior of disordered materials, which are found in amorphous solids like glass and biological tissue.
Researchers have discovered a new law governing anomalous heat conduction, which scales up with temperature in a power law manner. This finding challenges previous exponential scaling predictions and provides insights into the thermal transport of electrons.
Researchers use statistical mechanics to model a zombie outbreak, finding that cities fall quickly but less populated areas take weeks to infect. The ideal hideout is the northern Rockies, where survivors can prepare for months before zombies reach.
Researchers developed a comprehensive model to describe photoexcited thin-film lattice dynamics, clarifying the physical and chemical properties of materials. The study used ultrafast X-ray diffraction to analyze the atomic movements in a crystal structure.
The mathematician's work has led to a better understanding of how fiber optics can be made more stable and robust. His research involves marrying mathematics and physics to study the behavior of solitary waves in various structures, including optical waveguide arrays and granular crystals.
Researchers created a crystal-like arrangement of ultracold gas molecules that can swap quantum spin properties, potentially simulating or inventing exotic materials. The novel structure was achieved by manipulating the molecules' spins with microwave pulses, creating a 'superposition' of two opposite spins.
Researchers at Stanford University have engineered piezoelectricity into a nanoscale material, known as graphene. By modifying the graphene lattice, they were able to achieve fine physical control and created piezoelectric levels comparable to traditional materials. This breakthrough brings new dimension to straintronics and has promis...
Researchers at NIST and Georgia Tech have developed a new technique to analyze multilayer graphene, revealing the rotational orientation of graphene sheets and mapping stress fields. The method uses atomic scale moiré patterns to measure strain in graphene layers with high sensitivity.
Researchers have found that more than half of a proton's spin comes from the orbital motion of its quarks, rather than their spinning. This new theory resolves a long-standing puzzle in physics and agrees with recent experiments and supercomputer calculations.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a general model to study large-scale shape changes in responsive gels. Their gel lattice spring model captures two-dimensional deformations and chemical reactions within swollen networks of polymers, revealing dynamic patterns and oscillations in the gel's shape.