Articles tagged with Citation
A new essay proposes revising protected area categories to reflect biodiversity outcomes, with potential huge implications for preserving the earth's rapidly diminishing biodiversity. The change aims to make significant gains in biodiversity conservation and stanch species loss, habitat destruction, and ecosystem services degradation.
A Northwestern University team developed a mathematical method to rank scientific journals according to quality. The rankings will help scientists identify high-impact research papers and facilitate evaluations of researchers' work. The study analyzed citation data from nearly 23 million papers across 200 academic fields.
A global malaria risk map has been released, revealing high-risk areas and providing estimates of people living in low-risk zones. The map identifies regions where existing control strategies can be used to eliminate P. falciparum transmission, potentially reducing deaths in sub-Saharan Africa.
Researchers found that a tropical rainforest bird uses different song features to signal species identity and individual information, tailored to the environment's acoustic properties. The study suggests efficient local communication networks are established in the habitat.
A new molecular signature predicts response to lenalidomide in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome without chromosome 5q deletions. Gene expression profiling identifies a defect in erythroid differentiation, providing potential treatment insights.
The SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) tool provides an open-access alternative to Thomson Scientific products, offering country and journal rankings based on Scopus database contents. Researchers can filter data by large knowledge areas, thematic categories, countries/journals, and years.
A study in PLOS Medicine found that Somali combatants' excessive use of khat, a stimulant with amphetamine-like effects, is prevalent across southern and central Somalia. The study also revealed high levels of cannabis and other drug use among combatants, posing significant challenges for post-conflict reintegration programs.
Researchers developed new methods for estimating mortality fractions using vital registration data in Mexico, and a validation strategy for verbal autopsy data combining previous methods in China. These advancements improve health planning and prioritization in low-resource settings.
A study of British doctors and health professionals found they struggle with language barriers, cultural understanding, and uncertainty about how to care for patients from ethnic minority backgrounds. This uncertainty can lead to hesitancy and inertia in practice, contributing to inequalities in care.
The article highlights effective, low-tech, and affordable ways to improve the lives of those living on less than $1 a day. Comments from global health experts emphasize the importance of interventions like training village health workers, hunger alleviation, prevention and treatment of malaria, and empowering women.
The journal PLoS Medicine gathered global health experts to identify the single intervention that would have the greatest impact on the health of those living on less than $1 a day. Experts recommend training village health workers, hunger alleviation, and prevention of malaria as key strategies.
The STROBE Initiative recommends a 22-item checklist for accurate and complete report of observational studies. The guidelines enhance the assessment of study strengths and weaknesses, as well as its generalizability. By following these recommendations, researchers can improve the quality of their work.
Experts discuss the pitfalls of racial profiling in medical research and practice, highlighting the importance of using race as a proxy for biological difference. Racial categories are social and historical, not biological or attributive, making them imprecise markers of genotypic and socio-cultural determinants of variation in health.
A observational cohort study from Côte d'Ivoire found that antiretroviral therapy according to WHO recommendations prevents mother-to-child HIV transmission. The study's findings support the WHO's guidelines for preventing perinatal and postnatal HIV transmission in West Africa.
Research suggests that congenital diaphragmatic hernia does not disrupt pulmonary surfactant maturation in human fetuses, contrary to previous findings. The study provides new insights into the development of this complex condition.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that men who participate in sports or vigorous physical activity are less likely to suffer from osteoporotic fractures. The researchers analyzed data from over 2,000 men and found that those with higher levels of physical activity had a significantly lower risk of fractures. By taking exercise, ...
Researchers found that traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may counteract the heart-protective effect of hormone replacement therapy in women. Current use of hormone replacement therapy was associated with a significantly lower risk of heart attack than non-use, but NSAID use negated this benefit.
In Italy, general practitioners receive frequent visits from drug sales reps, who provide information that doctors often consider reliable. A national continuing medical education program aims to disseminate independent, unbiased evidence through Clinical Evidence, a compendium of the best available research on treating common conditions.
Scientists at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and Buck Institute created an algorithm that identifies critical protein elements solely based on their shape. This breakthrough enables more efficient development of effective treatments and diagnostic tests for various diseases.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found a clear inverse relationship between the strength of alcohol control policies and alcohol consumption rates in 30 countries. The researchers used a new metric called the Alcohol Policy Index to compare policy strength across countries.
Newborn babies in poor countries are missing out on routine hearing tests, leading to irreversible deficits in speech and cognitive development. A policy paper calls for increased funding for neonatal hearing tests through public-private partnerships.
A systematic review of 13 trials involving over 900 children found that loperamide should not be given to children under 3 years old or with bloody diarrhoea. However, in other children, the drug may be useful in treating acute diarrhea. The risks outweigh the benefits in high-risk situations.
The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases has significantly increased in Ghana between 1993 and 2003. According to a study, the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm and atopy doubled over this period, posing concerns for public health in West Africa.
A study of eight hospitals in Peru found that opening windows provided more than double the airflow of mechanically ventilated rooms and 18 times that of closed windows. Natural ventilation was more effective at reducing airborne infection transmission, especially in older facilities with high ceilings and large windows.
Researchers found that the poorest people in developing countries are least likely to use contraception, with significant regional variations. The authors emphasize the need for governments and international health organizations to focus on providing contraceptive services to those with very low incomes.
A 28-year study of Japanese-American men found that growing up in a large family or being born later in the family increased the risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma. The results suggest that early-life social environment plays a significant role in microbially induced malignancies expressed decades later.
Researchers discovered that propranolol decreases erythrocyte G protein activity and inhibits blood-stage malarial parasite growth in red blood cells. The study suggests using propranolol in combination with existing antimalarials to reduce treatment doses, providing a novel antimalarial target and potential treatment strategy.
Research shows that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who have anti-NMDA receptor antibodies may experience amygdala damage, leading to altered emotional responses. The study suggests a link between the immune system and brain function in SLE.
A survey in southern Sudan found a high prevalence of blindness, with 4% of the population affected. The main causes were cataract and trachoma, with trachoma being more common than expected. Trachoma can be prevented with improved living conditions, hygiene, and early treatment.
A study of 2737 medical residents found that extended work shifts are associated with increased reporting of medical errors, adverse patient events, and attentional failures. Doctors working long shifts reported a seven-fold higher risk of adverse patient events compared to those who didn't work extended hours.
A unique study published in PLoS Medicine found significant differences in street-based drug use patterns between African American and white men, with implications for tailored interventions. The research highlights the importance of understanding cultural backgrounds and motivations to improve patient access and adherence to care.
A cross-sectional study of 1,268 adults in Botswana found that routine HIV testing is widely accepted and may reduce barriers to testing. The authors emphasize the importance of informed consent and human rights safeguards to protect individuals from discrimination and violence related to testing.
Researchers at PLOS Medicine analyzed gene expression in labor and autoimmune disease APS1, finding complex networks of co-regulated genes. The study highlights the importance of making original data available for reanalysis.
A natural experiment found that open-access articles in PNAS gained a significant citation advantage over non-OA articles, being twice as likely to be cited within 4-10 months and almost three times more likely between 10-16 months after publication. The study suggests that open access accelerates the dissemination of scientific research.
Sir Roger Penrose has received the 2006 JPBM Communications Award for his groundbreaking contributions to mathematics. His influential books, such as "The Emperor's New Mind" and "The Road to Reality", have made mathematical concepts accessible to a broad audience.
A new method to rank scientific output has been proposed by a UCSD physicist, using the h-index to estimate a scientist's cumulative research contributions. The h-index is derived from citation counts and provides a single number that can be used to compare relative ranks within a discipline.
A study of Nigerian healthcare professionals found discriminatory attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS, including refusal to care for or admit them. The authors highlight inadequate education and resource shortages as contributing factors, and call for targeted interventions to address these issues.
The special issue of PLoS Medicine examines the disproportionate death toll among women in the tsunami, highlighting pre-existing gender disparities. The article also critiques the inadequate healthcare response, including invasive media representation and ineffective psychological therapies.
The new NSF report reveals that Latin American countries have made significant strides in publishing science and engineering articles. From 1988-2001, Brazil's output quadrupled and Mexico's more than tripled, while Argentina and Chile produced the most scientific articles per capita. The region's growing influence is reflected in the ...
A study conducted by NC State University researchers found that while there is no systemic racial profiling by the North Carolina Highway Patrol, individual troopers and patrol patterns contribute to disparities in traffic citations. The study suggests that factors such as accident rates, demographic composition, and driving behavior p...
The 2002 Annual Bibliography of Significant Advances in Dietary Supplement Research highlights recent studies on the role of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals in managing various health conditions. The publication features a list of top 25 articles selected from over 350 original research papers.
Two researchers, Bahcall and Davis, will share an award for their groundbreaking work on neutrino physics, a field that revolutionized our understanding of the universe. Dr. Sack will receive an award for his crucial role in ensuring the reliability of nuclear weapons, thereby contributing to national security.
A Cornell University library sciences study found that instructors setting minimal bibliographic guidelines for research led to a return of citation levels to pre-Internet era. Students now obtain references from original sources like government papers and legal documents more easily online.
Joanna Fowler has made significant contributions to positron emission tomography (PET), including the development of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and radiotracers for monoamine oxidase (MAO). Her work has improved our understanding of biochemical processes in addiction, aging, and drug action.
Ezra A. Brown, professor of mathematics at Virginia Tech, received the George Pólya Award for his article 'Square Roots from 1;24,51,10 to Dan Shanks' published in College Mathematics Journal in March 1999. The award recognizes excellence in mathematical exposition.