Articles tagged with Universities
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists have developed a rapid diagnostic test to combat Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), a deadly sleeping sickness. The test requires a pin-prick blood sample and is more heat-stable and user-friendly than existing methods.
A Northwestern University study finds that universities' messages about socioeconomic diversity can affect academic confidence and sense of self-worth in students from low-income backgrounds. Students perceived as 'warm' versus 'chilly' towards socioeconomic diversity reported different levels of academic confidence and expectations.
Scientists discover enhanced weathering of rock can draw CO2 out of atmosphere, stabilizing climate and preventing ocean acidification. This process converts CO2 to bicarbonate, which drains away via rivers to the oceans, benefiting coral reefs.
A survey of 3,000 Swiss university students found that 70% believed using prescription drugs for cognitive enhancement was unfair. The study suggests that universities should provide more information on the risks and benefits of brain-doping to address these concerns.
A clinical trial found that anastrozole is as effective as tamoxifen in treating ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a very early form of breast cancer. Anastrozole offers a new treatment option for post-menopausal women with fewer side effects, such as womb and ovarian cancers.
Researchers conducted a long-term study on biodiversity in subtropical forests of China, finding that there might be an under- or overestimation of global biodiversity by up to 50% when only a few taxa are sampled. The study used traditional methods combined with DNA analysis to determine species numbers, revealing that larger areas an...
Scientists at Vanderbilt University have made groundbreaking discoveries about the behavior of TrCel7a, a cellulase enzyme that breaks down cellulose. By studying the enzyme's movements and interactions with cellulose fibers, researchers found that it operates slowly but is self-propelling, powered by energy from cellulose bonds.
The US has sufficient capacity to treat another Ebola outbreak, but challenges remain in providing necessary resources, staffing, and training. The study highlights issues with waste disposal, staffing, and pediatric care, emphasizing the need for further investigation and investment.
The inaugural issue of Healthcare Transformation features provocative conversations with thought leaders and decision makers, including Aneesh Chopra and Jack and Suzy Welch. The journal aims to reimagine healthcare delivery, education, and technology, predicting a Blockbuster-to-Netflix paradigm shift in the healthcare industry.
Researchers have discovered a new species of plant-eating dinosaur, Hualianceratops wucaiwanensis, that sheds light on the ceratopsian family tree. The findings suggest that Jurassic period dinosaurs may have had more species diversity than previously thought, with at least four lineages present by the beginning of the Jurassic Period.
A new imaging test has been developed to identify more dangerous tumours before they spread, and tailor treatment accordingly. The test uses oxygen-enhanced MRI technology to map areas of oxygen deprivation within tumours.
A University of Illinois study links instability in young adults' lives to increased risk-taking behavior, including casual sex and impulsive sexual activity. The researchers suggest that colleges should focus on teaching stress management and self-esteem skills to reduce these risks.
An analysis of over 1.3 million emergency department visits found that the presence of medical students was associated with a statistically significant increase in patient length of stay. However, this effect may be too small to have clinical relevance.
Research suggests that social networks play a significant role in student academic performance. Students tend to perform better when surrounded by high-achievers, who inspire them to try harder. On the other hand, befriending underachievers can lead to a drop in grades over time.
Researchers will investigate oil's impact on the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem and public health over three years. The funding is part of a larger $38 million GoMRI program supporting research on environmental issues.
Research finds that medical students' involvement in evaluating patients adds only a few minutes to the average length of stay, allowing for balance between educational needs and treatment. The study's results provide reassurance for teachers who transition students from observing to aiding medical care.
Researchers from University Health Network have found a specific cell type plays a key role in maintaining healthy arteries after inflammation. A group of tissue macrophages can self-replicate and help to heal the vessel after inflammation. This discovery could provide new treatment options for cardiovascular disease.
Amol Aggarwal, a Harvard University PhD student, received the 2016 Morgan Prize for his exceptional work in combinatorics. He has already published four research papers and has been awarded several prestigious fellowships.
A new study from the University of Exeter found that larger protected areas with irregular shapes tend to host more species. Habitat fragmentation, however, can reduce species diversity in these areas.
A breast screening program has been shown to prevent subsequent invasive cancer in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a very early form of breast cancer. The study analyzed data from over 5 million women and found that increased prior screen detection of DCIS was associated with a reduction in invasive cancers.
Researchers found pygmy slow lorises in Southeast Asia exhibit multiday torpor to conserve energy during food scarcity. This discovery highlights the possibility that hibernation may be used by further primate species beyond Madagascar.
Researchers developed flexible microsupercapacitors that store and release energy like commercial supercapacitors, but are made in a room-temperature process. The technology has potential for cost-effective mass production.
A study of over 12,000 patients found that hospitals employing more nurses trained abroad are associated with lower patient satisfaction rates. Patients in these hospitals were less likely to rate their care as excellent or very good, and reported being treated with disrespect and having poor communication with their caregivers.
Researchers at USC, University of Washington and University of Utah developed a machine-learning algorithm that detects high-empathy or low-empathy speech in therapist-patient sessions. The tool uses automatic speech recognition and natural language processing to analyze over 1,000 therapy sessions.
Rice University researchers use engineered viruses that respond to red light to overcome the challenge of delivering genes into host cells' nuclei. By incorporating light-responsive proteins, they successfully control viral activity and gene expression in target cells.
Researchers found a 45% net increase in deaths from legal intervention between 1999 and 2013, with 96% of these deaths occurring among men. The study highlights significant disparities in mortality rates among different racial groups and geographic regions.
A new study reveals that long-tailed tits thrive when parents alternate feeding trips, resulting in better nutrition and enhanced protection for their young. This unique strategy, similar to human late-night feeding shared among family members, has been shown to be beneficial for the family group.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience found that genetic variants associated with schizophrenia were enriched for changes in DNA methylation in the developing brain. The research team identified potential implications for understanding the origins of schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
A new study by researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine suggests that air evacuation may worsen neurological function and increase brain cell loss in patients with traumatic brain injuries. The study's findings have major implications for the treatment of military injuries.
A new study by Rice University social scientist Erin Cech dispels the idea that women choose more flexible career fields due to plans to raise children, while men opt for provider-friendly roles. Most students did not consider their future family plans when making career decisions.
Researchers have discovered a new strain of Candidatus Neoehrlichia in an Austrian red fox, sparking concerns about potential zoonotic transmission. The bacterium is genetically intermediate between two previously recognized forms and has been linked to flu-like symptoms in humans and pets.
Phytoplankton subjected to warmed water initially failed to thrive but evolved tolerance to temperatures expected by the end of the century. The shift enabled them to convert carbon dioxide into new biomass and improve models describing ecological effects of climate change.
A new study from the University of Exeter found that people can learn to make effective tools through reasoning and reverse engineering, not just through teaching. This discovery challenges established views on how human tools and technologies improve over time, pointing to humans' unique ability to adapt and innovate.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have found that arthritic cartilage can be treated by a patient's own microvesicles, which can travel into cartilage cells and deliver therapeutic agents. The study suggests that these microvesicles could be a novel form of therapy for patients with cartilage damage due to various diseases.
A new study found that recreational anglers who received education on shark conservation were more supportive of management and conservation efforts. The researchers surveyed 158 anglers in South Florida, revealing that many catch-and-release anglers recognized the post-release mortality risks for sharks.
Rice University scientists have developed a metal-free process to synthesize dozens of organocatalysts, which promise to speed up the making of novel chemicals, including drugs. The new tools eliminate the need for transition metals and simplify chemical processes.
The researchers created a protein that can withstand various physiological and environmental conditions, allowing for more stable and effective treatments. This breakthrough could lead to advancements in biosensors and personalized therapeutics.
A new study suggests that paying US$11 per trip could eliminate CO2 emissions from tourism, contributing up to five percent of total human-made emissions worldwide. The University of Waterloo-led research proposes a combination of energy-saving and renewable energy initiatives to meet the UN's carbon emission targets.
A report by the General Medical Council reveals that medics from different backgrounds perform better or worse due to multiple factors influencing their performance. The review highlights the importance of addressing differential attainment to create a level playing field for all candidates.
Scientists warn that seismic surveys may cause behavioural changes and physical harm to turtles, including auditory damage and entanglement in gear. Researchers call for more research to address knowledge gaps and propose preventative measures to minimize the impact of seismic surveys on marine turtle populations.
A CU research study found that Latino patients on dialysis prefer aggressive care and earlier discussions about end-of-life decisions. The study highlights the importance of delivering palliative care in a culturally sensitive way to meet the needs of this growing segment of the US population.
Researchers found that tardigrades have a massive amount of foreign DNA, with around 17.5% coming from non-tardigrade sources, primarily bacteria. This challenges conventional views on how DNA is inherited and raises new questions about the connection between foreign DNA and extreme environment survival.
A recent study published in Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology found that patients struggle to understand CMS hospital infection data, which is meant to help them make informed decisions. The authors recommend improving the way this data is presented to increase transparency and quality of care.
A study by Temple University researchers found a significant association between psychological stress and various skin symptoms, including itchiness, hair loss, and acne-like rashes. The study suggests that healthcare providers should ask patients about their stress levels to better understand skin conditions.
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston's medical school has been renamed the John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School in honor of the largest gift in the university's history. The $75 million donation will provide full scholarships, support scientific discovery and innovation.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have developed a row-bot that can operate indefinitely in remote locations by harnessing energy from dirty water. The robot's bio-inspired mechanism allows it to feed on nutrient-rich water, generating electricity through microbial fuel cells.
The new Peatland Code targets the restoration of one million hectares of peatlands over five years, which could save up to 220 million tonnes of carbon dioxide by 2050. UK peatlands are a natural filter for drinking water and store more than three billion tonnes of carbon.
A QUT survey found young people struggle with managing car loans, credit cards, and mobile phone deals. Experts urge educators to include financial literacy workshops in schools before students leave.
Researchers found evidence of oxygen whiffs from blue-green algae in ancient black shales, supporting a hypothesis that photosynthesis led to an oxygenated atmosphere. The findings provide conclusive answers about the Great Oxidation Event and its impact on Earth's history.
The South Central Climate Science Center has developed a tribal engagement strategy to build capacity in Tribes to conduct their own climate science research. The center's partnerships have led to the development of five new Bureau of Indian Affairs Tribal Liaisons, enabling tribes nationwide to respond to climate change.
A new study suggests that Antarctic ice sheet collapse will contribute to a significant but lower-than-expected 10-30 cm sea-level rise over the next two hundred years. The research uses an ice-sheet model to predict the consequences of unstable retreat of the ice, which recent studies suggest has begun in West Antarctica.
Researchers found that nearly 18% of students said they'd been raped while incapacitated before college, and 41% were raped again during their freshman year. Young women who believed alcohol enhances a person's sexual experience were at increased risk of incapacitated rape.
The University of Huddersfield is conducting a £350,000 research project to measure 'learning gain', defined as improvement in knowledge, skills, and employability. The project will survey hundreds of undergraduates who participate in additional activities beyond their course curriculum.
Researchers discovered that coral species storing more fat reserves can survive annual bleaching events and recover fully within a year. The study sheds light on which coral species are most resilient to heat stress, offering crucial information for predicting the persistence of coral reefs.
A recent study by the American Psychological Association found that high parental aspirations for children's academic achievement can lead to decreased performance when those expectations are unrealistic. The research highlights the importance of giving parents realistic expectations to improve their children's educational success.
Researchers at the University of Exeter have created a genetic test to identify young adults at risk of type 1 diabetes. The new tool combines genetic variants to provide a single score, helping doctors diagnose and treat patients more effectively.
Researchers found that consumers of problem-focused self-help books present greater depressive symptoms, while growth-oriented book consumers show increased stress reactivity. Further research is needed to determine the cause of this observation.
A new study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B found that cooperative bird behavior can reduce oxidative stress and cell damage during the breeding season. In groups with shared workload, birds showed stronger antioxidants and lower free radical damage compared to those with heavy breeding workloads.
Researchers have identified specific genes that determine the mating behaviors of male ruff birds, including territorial, satellite, and female-mimicking types. The study reveals that these behaviors are encoded by a 'supergene' that controls multiple traits, including hormones, feathering, color, and size.
Scientists discovered that CO2 levels 50 million years ago were nearly half the predicted 1,125 ppm, indicating a greater sensitivity to greenhouse warming. This new data challenges previous estimates and suggests a more severe climate change impact if CO2 levels reach that threshold.