Child marriage remains widespread in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa
More than one third of girls marry before reaching their 18th birthday in half of the 31 countries studied, posing health risks and controlling issues.
Africa
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Investment key in adapting to climate change in West Africa
A new study suggests that investing in agriculture can improve food production and regional productivity, but also risks expanding agricultural land into natural forests. The region's future development will have profound implications for millions of people.
Research shows infertility tied to relationship disruption in Ghana
A new study from Lancaster University finds that infertility is strongly linked to an increased risk of relationship disruption in Ghana. Women with infertility are more likely to experience relationship breakdown, particularly those in polygynous relationships.
Snake bit? UCI chemists figure out how to easily and cheaply halt venom's spread
Researchers have created a polymer nanogel material that can halt the spread of venom from various species of snakes, including cobras, kraits, and pit vipers. The new treatment has broad-spectrum ability and is made with readily available components, making it more affordable and accessible.
Forest degradation in the tropics
A recent study found that 90% of village communities in tropical regions have reported declining availability of forest resources, including timber and firewood. The researchers attribute this decline to excessive consumption and clearance by large companies and local populations.
Genes may influence susceptibility to interventions promoting maternal-infant attachment
A study found that infants with a genetic polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene are more susceptible to a psychosocial intervention promoting maternal-infant attachment. The probability of secure attachment was significantly higher in those with the short allele of the serotonin transporter gene, compared to controls.
New species of parasitic wasp discovered in the eggs of leaf-rolling weevils in Africa
A new species of parasitic wasp, Poropoea africana, has been found in the eggs of leaf-rolling weevils in northeastern Gabon. The wasp measures less than 2mm and has unique physical characteristics that distinguish it from related species.
Prides, protection & parks: Africa's protected areas can support 4 times as many lions
A new report led by Panthera suggests that Africa's protected parks and reserves can conserve up to 83,000 wild lions if well funded and managed. The study found that less than one third of the parks examined are currently conserving lions at more than 50% of their carrying capacity.
Poaching drives 80 percent decline in elephants in key preserve
A new study led by Duke University finds that over 25,000 elephants were killed for their ivory between 2004 and 2014 in Gabon's protected area. The loss of forest elephants has significant implications for the preservation of the species.
Study reveals 'nightmare' for Central Africa's forest elephants
The study found that Central Africa's forest elephant population has dropped by over 80% in a decade, mainly due to illegal poaching. The researchers emphasize the need to reduce demand for ivory and recognize forest elephants as a distinct species to save them from extinction.
NASA gets a night-time view ex-Tropical Cyclone Dineo
The NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite captured a night-time image of the ex-tropical cyclone, showing it had become elongated as it weakened. The storm is expected to continue weakening as it tracks further inland on February 16, bringing heavy rain and localized flooding to parts of South Africa.
A kiss of death -- mammals were the first animals to produce venom
A fossilized skull of Euchambersia revealed the first evidence of an ancient venomous vertebrate. The reptile's unique anatomy allowed its venom to flow directly into its mouth and prey through specialized teeth. This discovery sheds light on the evolution of venom in mammals.
Researchers model impact of vaccine campaigns on invasive Salmonella
Researchers developed a model to predict the impact of vaccine campaigns on invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella disease in young children in Mali. The study found that a two-dose schedule with booster would prevent 73% of iNTS cases and 43% of deaths.
Study shows planet's atmospheric oxygen rose through glaciers
A new study has determined that the first Paleoproterozoic global glaciation and significant step change in atmospheric oxygenation occurred between 2,460 and 2,426 million years ago. The rise of atmospheric oxygen was characterized by significant oscillations before irreversible oxygenation of the atmosphere 2,250 million years ago.
Online Pest Risk Atlas for Africa to combat climate change effects on pest management
The International Potato Center launched an online mobile-accessible Pest Risk Atlas for Africa to assess potential pest risks under current and future climate conditions. The atlas provides detailed information for pest risk analysis, including detection and identification, means of movement and dispersal, and phytosanitary measures.
Researchers investigate decline in South Africa's forest-birds
A new study found that 28 of South Africa's 57 forest-dwelling bird species are declining in range, while 22 species are increasing. The data from the Southern African Bird Atlas Project indicates a link between deforestation and habitat loss, with smaller bird species more vulnerable to extinction.
Grace Naledi Mandisa Pandor wins 2016 AAAS Award for Science Diplomacy
Pandor has been recognized for her efforts to integrate science into policymaking, promote young scientists, and foster international cooperation. She has also expanded research chairs and initiated the Science Forum South Africa.
A lure at both ends -- puff adders leave nothing to chance
Researchers at Wits University have discovered that puff adders use a unique strategy called 'lingual luring' to attract and catch amphibian prey. By extending their tongues for up to 30 seconds, puff adders increase the odds of catching their prey within striking range.
UH research finds evidence of 2 billion years of volcanic activity on Mars
A Martian meteorite provides clues to the evolution of Mars, with evidence suggesting that some of the longest-lived volcanoes in the solar system are located on the Red Planet. The research offers new insights into the history of volcanic activity on Mars and confirms at least 2 billion years of volcanic activity.
Researchers confirm the existence of a 'lost continent' under Mauritius
Scientists have discovered ancient zircons on the island of Mauritius, dating back 3 billion years, suggesting a long-lost continent named Mauritia existed beneath the island. This finding supports the theory that the break-up of supercontinent Gondwana led to the formation of the Indian Ocean.
IU study examines sexual risk-taking, HIV prevention among older adults in Africa
A recent Indiana University study found that older adults in Africa are sexually active and report high-risk behaviors, highlighting the need for targeted HIV prevention measures. The study reveals that older adults are a significant proportion of people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, where most HIV cases occur.
Andalusian scientists reconstruct what the Gibraltar Arc was like 9 million years ago
Researchers from the University of Granada have reconstructed the Gibraltar Arc's movement 9 million years ago, revealing clockwise and counterclockwise rotations of large land blocks. The study reconciles contradictory data on the region's tectonic history.
Anthropologists uncover art by (really) old masters -- 38,000 year-old engravings
A team of anthropologists has uncovered a 38,000-year-old engraved image in a French rockshelter, revealing insights into the nature of modern humans during this period. The discovery provides new information on regional patterning of art and ornamentation across Europe during the Aurignacian culture.
Danforth Center expands major research program to benefit farmers in the developing world
The Danforth Center is expanding its research program to optimize breeding strategies for grain sorghum, a critical source of nutrition for millions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The grant will support the development and deployment of advanced phenotyping and breeding technologies.
World still 'grossly underprepared' for infectious disease outbreaks
A team of experts reviewed post-Ebola reports to identify key problems and recommendations for reform. They found significant gaps between proposed changes and actual action, particularly in strengthening compliance with International Health Regulations.
Mapping the migration of house shrews
Researchers analyzed DNA sequences from 169 house shrews to uncover their genetic origins and migration routes. The study suggests that people traded on a larger scale than previously thought, with species from Asia and Africa showing similar genetic traits despite geographical distance.
Trees supplement income for rural farmers in Africa
A University of Illinois study found that about one-third of rural farmers across five African countries have trees on their farms, contributing 17% to their annual household income. Trees can act as biodiversity corridors, linking forests and providing wildlife habitat, while also offering income potential to poor farmers.
Study provides new evidence on role of person-to person transmission in drug-resistant TB
A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) is spread through person-to-person contact in the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. This epidemic highlights the need for effective infection control and treatment measures to prevent further spread.
A research framework for tracing human migration events after 'out of Africa' origins
The study provides an expanded framework for researchers to study human origins, drawing upon extensive DNA sampling from modern and archaic hominid populations. It suggests a major eastern-western population split once modern humans left Africa, dating back to at least 45,000 years ago.
IMF lending conditions curb healthcare investment in West Africa, study finds
A new study reveals that IMF lending conditions in West Africa reduce government health expenditure per capita by around 0.25% for every additional binding condition. This results in a 6.2% annual reduction in health spending, often at the expense of healthcare investment.
280 million-year-old fossil reveals origins of chimaeroid fishes
A 280 million-year-old fossilized skull reveals the origin of chimaeras, a group of cartilaginous fish related to sharks. The discovery provides crucial evidence for the evolutionary history of these deep-water dwelling fish.
Geologists publish new details about evolution of East African Rift Valley
Researchers studied data from Lake Malawi to confirm that rifting has occurred slowly over the past 1.3 million years, utilizing a series of faults millions of years older. The team's findings provide a unified geologic framework for exploring the East African Rift system and shed light on other continental rift systems.
A library for food security
A genetic library of cowpea varieties is being developed to improve crop resilience and yield. The library, which contains 6,000 samples, will help crop scientists make informed decisions using genetic information.
Umeå epidemiologist joins UN expert mission to confront Rift Valley fever outbreak
A Rift Valley fever outbreak has been reported in Niger, with 64 human cases and 23 deaths confirmed. Umeå University's Osama Ahmed Hassan joined a UN expert mission to develop action plans to curb the spread of the disease. The mission aimed to implement short-, mid- and long-term strategies to prevent further outbreaks.
International alliance receives grant to improve cassava harvest and nutrition for farmers in Africa
The VIRCA Plus consortium aims to improve agricultural productivity and enhance nutrition for smallholder households in East and West Africa by developing disease-resistant and nutritionally-enhanced cassava varieties. The project will address challenges such as plant viral diseases, which can destroy up to 100% of a cassava crop yield.
Could co-infection with other viruses affect the survival of those with Ebola virus?
Researchers analysed viromes in blood samples from patients with Ebola symptoms, finding potential links between co-infected pathogens and worsening clinical outcomes. The study aims to identify new pathogens and improve diagnosis for other VHFs.
Scientists devise new method to give 'most robust' estimate of Maasai Mara lion numbers
Researchers at Oxford University create new method for counting lions, using spatially explicit approach with high-resolution photographs and powerful computers. The study estimates 16.85 lions per 100 square kilometers in the Maasai Mara, with a posterior standard deviation of just 1.3.
Even with maximized yields, sub-Saharan Africa won't grow enough grain in 2050
A new study found that even with optimized yields, sub-Saharan Africa will not meet its grain demand by 2050. Closing the yield gap requires a large acceleration in farming practices and investments in agricultural development. The region must prioritize strategic investments to upgrade infrastructure and ensure food security.
Assassins on the rise: A new species and a new tribe of endemic South African robber flies
A new species of assassin flies has been discovered in South Africa, along with the redescription of its genus. The study, published in African Invertebrates, reveals seven species within the genus and establishes a new tribe, shedding light on the unique adaptations of these predatory insects.
Life before oxygen
Scientists have discovered fossils of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in ancient rocks from South Africa and Western Australia, dating back to the Neoarchean Eon, 2.8 to 2.5 billion years ago. These findings suggest that life existed on Earth before the Great Oxidation Event, which led to a significant increase in oxygen levels.
Huge reduction in African dust plume impacted climate 11,000 years ago
Researchers reconstructed the African dust plume over the last 23,000 years and observed a dramatic reduction in dust beginning around 11,000 years ago. This weakened plume may have allowed more sunlight to reach the ocean, increasing its temperature by 0.15 degrees Celsius, leading to an increase in monsoon rains over North Africa.
Malaria elimination in Sub-Saharan Africa predicted to be possible under right conditions
Researchers predict malaria elimination is achievable in southern Africa if vector control measures are implemented aggressively and mass drug campaigns focus on high-risk areas. Human movement within the region should be targeted to prevent importation of infections.
Study sheds light on parasite that causes river blindness
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the genetic diversity of Onchocerca volvulus, the parasite that causes river blindness. The study reveals gene flow between savanna and forest strains, with genes from the savanna strain flowing into the forest strain due to differences in climate and black fly behavior.
Climate Resilience through Sweetpotato (CReSP) announced
The CReSP initiative aims to benefit at least 50 million people in high-vulnerability regions by promoting climate-smart and nutritious sweetpotato varieties. Orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties have been shown to reduce chronic malnutrition and child stunting when promoted with nutrition counseling.
Scientists discover heterospecific mating in spiders
Researchers from Slovenia and South Africa discovered heterospecific mating in African golden orbweb spiders, where males mate with females of different species. The study suggests that such interactions could play a role in determining community structure and may be costly to rarest species.
Groundbreaking study: Self-injection of contraception is feasible, acceptable in Uganda
A groundbreaking study in Uganda finds that self-injection of the Sayana Press contraceptive is both feasible and highly acceptable among women. The research suggests that this method can increase convenience and privacy for women seeking family planning options.
The Lancet: Number of people living with high blood pressure has almost doubled worldwide over past 40 years
The global prevalence of high blood pressure has more than doubled over the past 40 years, with significant increases observed in low- and middle-income countries. High blood pressure remains a major risk factor for stroke and heart disease, claiming over 7.5 million lives annually.
Plant-species hotspot maps identify priority conservation areas of tropical Africa
A new study by the University of Oxford has created a plant-species hotspot map for tropical Africa, identifying critical areas for global biodiversity conservation. The map reveals regions with high concentrations of globally rare plants, such as the Horn of Africa and south-east Democratic Republic of Congo.
Plant-species hotspot maps identify priority conservation areas of tropical Africa
Researchers created a bioquality map to measure global rarity and identify critical plant species hotspots in tropical Africa. The Horn of Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, and other regions were found to be 'hottest' for plant biodiversity.
A new behavioural variant in wild chimpanzees: Algae fishing in Bakoun, Guinea
Researchers found wild chimpanzees in Guinea using long and robust sticks as tools to extract freshwater green algae from streams and ponds. This new behaviour variant differs from previous reports and suggests that algae provide an important nutritional benefit during the dry season.
Denver Museum of Nature & Science diamond collection brings deep Earth to the surface
Researchers analyzed diamonds from the Denver Museum of Nature & Science and University of British Columbia, gaining a rare look at the processes that led to Earth's crust formation. The study reveals an incredible 3-billion-year journey through tectonic collisions and volcanic eruptions.
Tracing the ivory trail
A new study by the University of Utah uses radiocarbon dating and genetic analysis to track the origin of seized ivory, revealing that nearly all shipments come from elephants killed in the past three years. This intelligence can help combat illegal animal product trade and inform strategies for protecting elephant populations.
Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in West Africa higher than previously thought
A recent study published in BMC Medicine found that the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in West Africa is significantly higher than previously thought. The study revealed that MDR-TB strains were widely circulating and drug resistance was a much bigger problem in the region than anticipated.
How the chicken crossed the Red Sea
Archaeologists have discovered the oldest known physical evidence for chickens in Africa, dating back over 2,700 years. The discovery sheds new light on how domesticated chickens were introduced to Africa via trade routes along the Red Sea and East African coast.
Data indicate significant impact of NIH African bioethics training programs
A Johns Hopkins study reveals that former trainees from sub-Saharan Africa are leaving a positive mark on the African bioethics landscape, with many becoming instructors, serving on IRBs, or publishing bioethics-related research. The training programs have built sustainable capacity in Africa and fostered lasting networks of profession...
Center of gravity for African research funding shifts closer to Africa
The Wellcome Trust is transferring two major research programs, DELTAS Africa and H3Africa, to AESA's Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa, aiming to increase Africa-led research and address pressing health challenges. This shift reflects a significant change in international funding partnerships with African insti...
A songbird's travelogue
A study using geolocation technology tracked the 10,000-kilometer migration of Great Reed Warblers from Turkey to sub-Saharan Africa, revealing key regions of importance for the species. The research highlights the lack of protection many of these regions receive, posing a threat to bird populations.
Scientists root for more cassava research to help meet greater demand for food
Cassava is a crucial crop for 110% growth in global food demand, with potential for yield improvement through boosting sunlight conversion. Researchers are urging more research to address climate change and sustain yields.
UK and France see highest number of imported malaria cases
An international study has revealed that the UK and France experience the highest number of malaria cases imported from other countries. The research found that countries with the highest average number of imported infections per year were France, UK, and USA.
Consortium launched to fight Zika virus and build Latin American response capacity
The ZikaPLAN consortium aims to address knowledge gaps, prevent disease spread, and educate affected populations in Latin America. The global network will also build sustainable response capacity for Zika and other emerging infectious diseases.