Call for AIDS denialists to be held accountable
AIDS denialists' refusal to acknowledge HIV treatment benefits led to 330,000 premature deaths in South Africa. The study highlights the need for public health reform and accountability.
Africa
Science and research news from Africa. Covers Congo Basin wildlife, maternity care, malaria resurgence, and drug-resistant parasites.
Solar-powered irrigation significantly improves diet and income in rural sub-Saharan Africa
A Stanford University study found that solar-powered drip irrigation systems significantly enhance household incomes and nutritional intake of villagers in arid sub-Saharan Africa. The system provided a reliable source of water, allowing farmers to produce more food and increase their income.
Turtles' Christmas journey tracked by scientists
Two female leatherback turtles, Noelle and Darwinia, have traveled 800 miles between them since December 2009. The researchers aim to use their data to inform management of fisheries and protect key areas from industrial fishing and oil exploitation.
Genetic study clarifies African and African-American ancestry
A recent genetic study of African and African-American populations reveals a rich mosaic of ancestry, with individuals having as little as 1 percent West African or as much as 99 percent. The study found significant implications for pharmacogenomic studies, personalized medicine, and disease risk assessment.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 21, 2009
New support tools point way to better health policymaking
A new supplement provides essential reference and set of tools for evidence-informed health policymaking. The series addresses four broad areas and contains 17 support tools from renowned experts.
Study finds orphanages are viable options for some children
A Duke University study of over 3,000 orphaned and abandoned children in five countries found that institutional care can be a viable option, with better physical health and cognitive functioning than community-dwelling peers. The research challenges global policies recommending institutions only as a last resort.
Influenza in Africa should not be ignored
Influenza is circulating in Africa, causing sporadic outbreaks and potentially severe epidemics due to inadequate surveillance. The authors argue that improved monitoring is needed to accurately assess the burden of influenza in tropical countries like Africa.
Drinks industry supplanting government role in alcohol policies in sub-Saharan Africa
A recent study reveals that the drinks industry has significantly influenced national alcohol policy drafts in Lesotho, Malawi, Uganda, and Botswana, promoting economic benefits and self-regulation. The policies neglect crucial health concerns like HIV/AIDS, gender-based violence, and social deprivation.
Obesity epidemic taking root in Africa
The number of people overweight/obese increased significantly in sub-Saharan Africa between the early 1990s and early 2000s. The rate of increase was higher among the poor group, highlighting a pressing public health concern.
Antiretroviral therapy can be delivered safely in Africa without routine laboratory monitoring for toxic effects
Researchers found that first-line ART can be delivered safely without routine biochemistry and haematology monitoring, but CD4-cell count monitoring has a small benefit in disease progression and mortality. The trial suggests that monitoring should start from the second year of ART to guide the switch to second-line treatment.
African computer scientists recognized
Three African scientists have been awarded the inaugural TWAS-AAS-Microsoft Award for Young Scientists for their outstanding contributions to science and development in Africa. Youcef Bentoutou, Omar Fakih Hamad, and Tshilidzi Marwala will receive a cash prize of €7,000 each.
Management capacity is needed to tackle blindness in sub-Saharan Africa
A study emphasizes the need for dedicated management capacity to address blindness in sub-Saharan Africa. The region has 20% of global blindness despite having only 11% of the world's population, highlighting the importance of effective management systems.
Archaeological study of ostrich eggshell beads collected from SDG site
The study analyzes OES beads from SDG site, concluding that the two pathways of manufacture differed in drilling and trimming stages. The findings suggest prehistoric artisans had excellent skills, using standardized bead sizes to convey messages.
Improving female reproductive health and empowerment through control of NTDs
NTDs like anemia, schistosomiasis, and human hookworm infection impair reproductive health and increase the transmission of STIs. Controlling these diseases can improve maternal health outcomes, reduce infant mortality, and promote gender equality.
Biology of emergent Salmonella exposed
Researchers have characterised a new multi-drug resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium causing life-threatening disease in Africa. The new strain, ST313, is resistant to several antibiotics and may spread from person to person, predominantly affecting individuals with weakened immune systems.
A year after discovery, Congo's 'mother lode' of gorillas remains vulnerable
A new study by the Wildlife Conservation Society reveals high densities of western lowland gorillas in a Congolese swamp forest, with estimated populations exceeding 5,000 individuals. The researchers warn that protection is needed to safeguard these gorillas and their environment from imminent threats.
It's time for a 'third wave' of malaria activism to tackle drug shortages
The journal PLoS Medicine is calling for international action to address the crisis of malaria drug shortages across Africa. The 'third wave' of malaria activism aims to raise awareness of the issue and find solutions.
Indiana University receives NIH grant to improve health care in East Africa
The new center will connect IU's expertise with Moi University and hospital to increase electronic health record capacity in one of the world's poorest regions. Trained locals will use electronic tools to solve healthcare problems, enhancing outcomes and public health.
Advances in malaria research show promise for fight against 1 of the world's deadliest diseases
Scientists are developing genetically modified mosquitoes resistant to malaria and creating a rapid saliva-based diagnostic test. Researchers are also exploring ways to manipulate bacteria found in mosquito guts to kill the parasite without harming the insect.
Central Africa's tropical Congo Basin was arid, treeless in Late Jurassic
Geochemical analysis of rare ancient soils provides new data on Central Africa's paleoclimate during the Late Jurassic period. The findings indicate an extremely arid climate with minimal rainfall and few vegetation species, contrasting with the lush tropical rainforest it is today.
A 'Blue Revolution': the key to future food security
The world will need a 'Blue Revolution' to address the massive pressure on its water resources due to population growth, changing diets, and climate change. Investments in water can reduce poverty and improve agricultural productivity by refurbishing irrigation systems and promoting rainfed agriculture.
New discoveries in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Researchers have uncovered a complex heteromeric structure of the essential enzyme PPCDC in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, composed of non-identical proteins. The discovery sheds new light on CoA biosynthesis and presents potential targets for antifungal therapy.
New study warns that climate change could create agricultural winners and losers in East Africa
A new study projects variable impacts of climate change on maize and bean harvests in East Africa, presenting both threats and opportunities for farmers. With adequate investment, the region can achieve food security despite predicted declines in staple crop production.
Inequality, 'silver spoon' effect found in ancient societies
Researchers found that material possessions are easily passed on, while social networks and foraging abilities are harder to transmit. Societies with a strong emphasis on material wealth tend to be the most unequal.
Scientists discover largest orb-weaving spider
Researchers have discovered a new giant golden orb weaver spider species, Nephila komaci, in South Africa and Madagascar, which is the largest web-spinning spider known to science. The female spiders of this species can reach up to 1.5 inches in body length, while males are significantly smaller.
NEPAD-MSU land $10.4 million to improve African agricultural practices
African biosafety regulators will receive science-based information on biotechnology, protecting farmers, consumers, and the environment. The initiative aims to reduce poverty through improved agricultural practices.
Local farmers in Africa to benefit from school meal programs
A new project aims to provide healthy school meals using locally-sourced food, providing a reliable income for local farmers and improving rural economies. The initiative will help governments run school meal programmes in sub-Saharan Africa, benefiting millions of children facing poverty and hunger.
Yes, we have bananas!
African scientists will develop and grow their own pest-resistant bananas through a collaborative project with UK researchers. The initiative aims to empower nations to address agricultural challenges and improve food security in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Medical documentation of injuries is associated with more convictions in adult rapes in South Africa
A study in South Africa found that medical documentation of injuries is associated with higher conviction rates in adult rape cases, while DNA evidence has limited impact. The research highlights the importance of basic forensic medical practices in assisting courts in rape cases.
Trackway analysis shows how dinosaurs coped with slippery slopes
Researchers analyzed a fossilized tracksite in southern Africa, discovering how early dinosaurs adjusted their movements to cope with slippery and sloping terrain. The study provides insight into the later evolution of the group, highlighting differences in walking styles between ornithischians and theropods.
Global death toll: 1 million premature babies every year
The new White Paper reveals an estimated 13 million babies worldwide were born preterm in 2005, with one million deaths attributed to preterm birth. Premature births face serious lifelong health risks and contribute significantly to global healthcare costs.
Scientists join forces to explain HIV spread in Central and East Africa
Researchers used genetic and geographic data to understand why HIV-1 subtypes held steady in west central Africa before erupting as an epidemic in east Africa. The study found that connectivity between population centers and better transportation networks contributed to the rapid spread of the virus.
Community-based drug delivery and improved health facility drug supply could mean almost 60,000 fewer maternal deaths across Africa
A mathematical model suggests that improved community-based access to life-saving drugs like misoprostol and antibiotics can prevent up to 59,000 maternal deaths across sub-Saharan Africa per year. The study found that the poorest women would benefit most from these interventions.
Mixed progress in reducing world under-5 mortality, with most regions not on track to meet Millennium Development Goal 4
The global average annual rate of reduction in under-5 mortality has increased from 2000-2008 compared to 1990-2000. However, the world is still far from achieving Millennium Development Goal 4, with many regions not on track to meet the target.
New WHO data underscores global threat of the world's leading child killer
Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) claim an estimated 1.2 million child lives annually. Effective vaccines exist but their use is limited in low-income countries. Implementing pneumococcal vaccine could save over 440,000 children's lives by 2015.
Sickle cell study boosts call for improved childhood immunization programs in Africa
A recent study published in The Lancet suggests that children in Africa with sickle cell anaemia are dying unnecessarily from bacterial infections. The researchers recommend vaccination programs for all children in Africa to prevent these deadly infections, which can be prevented by vaccination.
The first DNA barcodes of commonly traded bushmeat are published
Researchers have published genetic sequences, known as 'DNA barcodes,' to identify species of origin from leather products and meat in international trade. The study, led by the American Museum of Natural History, identifies 25 commonly traded mammals and reptiles, including duikers, Nile crocodiles, and alligators.
Scientists identify gene for resistance to parasitic 'witchweed'
Researchers at the University of Virginia have identified a gene in cowpea that confers resistance to Striga, a parasitic flowering plant that attacks the roots of host plants. The discovery is significant as it could help develop strategies for improving resistance to Striga in other affected crops.
Tiny ancient shells point to earliest fashion trend
Researchers uncover 25 marine shell beads from Morocco and Algeria dating back 70,000-85,000 years, suggesting early humans wore and traded symbolic jewelry. The discovery confirms the oldest form of personal ornaments, adding to similar finds in Africa, Israel, and South Africa.
SourceEuropean Science Foundation·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 27, 2009
Comments with the Lancet South Africa series
The Lancet South Africa series proposes three strategies to address public sector workforce needs, affordable national health insurance, and competent leadership. The authors also discuss the decline in clinical research activity and capacity, as well as health inequities in South Africa, highlighting the need for jobs and cooperation ...
Saving the lives of South Africa's mothers, babies and children: Can the health system deliver?
A study estimates that implementing basic neonatal care and prevention of mother-to-child transmission could save up to 37,200 children's lives annually in South Africa. The interventions are estimated to cost US$1.5 billion per year, but the authors argue that the costs are affordable and effective implementation is the key gap.
Achieving the health Millennium Development Goals for South Africa: Challenges and priorities
The article discusses South Africa's paradox of poor health outcomes amidst high health expenditures and supportive programmes. The authors identify leadership, innovation, and priority actions needed to achieve better health outcomes and tackle pressing challenges such as HIV/AIDS and non-communicable diseases.
The health and health system of South Africa: Historical roots of current public health challenges
The country's health system faces historical roots of racism, apartheid, and economic inequalities, contributing to poor health outcomes and a high burden of HIV/AIDS. Despite being a middle-income country, South Africa has worse health outcomes than many lower-income countries.
Scientists announce unique acacia tree's promise to revive African soils
The Faidherbia acacia tree has the potential to revolutionize African farming by providing a free source of organic nitrogen, increasing crop yields, and improving soil health. Its unique growth habit and adaptability to various climates make it an ideal solution for reversing soil degradation and supporting farmers' livelihoods.
Violence and injuries in South Africa: Prioritizing an agenda for prevention
The study highlights South Africa's high injury death rate and its disproportionate impact on women, particularly intimate partner homicide rates. The authors emphasize the need for a comprehensive national action plan to address these social issues.
HIV infection and tuberculosis in South Africa -- an urgent need to escalate the public health response
Despite notable achievements in disease management, South Africa faces a severe HIV and tuberculosis crisis, with 17% of the global burden. The country needs to escalate its public health response to tackle rising drug resistance and improve treatment outcomes.
New analysis details devastating toll of neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa
A new analysis reveals that neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in sub-Saharan Africa cause immense suffering, with helminth infections accounting for approximately 85% of the NTD burden. The study suggests that investing $200-$400 million annually could significantly reduce the burden of these diseases.
The burden of noncommunicable disease in South Africa
The number of people aged 60 or over in South Africa is projected to triple by 2025, leading to a doubling of cardiovascular deaths. The burden of non-communicable diseases is expected to increase as antiretroviral therapy reduces mortality from HIV/AIDS.
NASA researcher nets first measure of Africa's coastal forests
For the first time, a NASA study has mapped Africa's coastal mangrove forests, showing widespread destruction due to pollution, deforestation, and real estate development. The maps provide detailed information on forest area, height, biomass, and structure, enabling scientists and officials to monitor and conserve these vital ecosystems.
Early modern humans use fire to engineer tools from stone
Researchers discovered that early modern humans employed pyrotechnology to increase the quality and efficiency of their stone tool manufacturing process, requiring complex cognition and possibly language. The technology transformed a poor-quality stone into an excellent raw material for highly advanced tools.
Where science feeds action, leopards win
A six-year study led by Panthera demonstrates that conservation strategies can significantly increase leopard populations and reduce human-cat conflict. The study, published in Biological Conservation, found that implementing regulations to disperse hunting pressure across a province helped stabilize the population, leading to increase...
Huge cost to filling health worker gap in sub-Saharan Africa
A new study estimates that sub-Saharan Africa will only have one-third of the needed healthcare workers by 2015, with a shortage of 240,000 doctors and 551,000 nurses and midwives. The cost of scaling up the health system is projected to be $19 billion per year.
Earlier HIV antiviral treatment can be cost effective in areas of limited resources
A study suggests starting antiretroviral therapy at higher CD4 thresholds can prevent significant clinical benefits and save lives in resource-limited settings. The model predicts nearly 76,000 deaths and 66,000 opportunistic infections over five years with earlier treatment initiation.
Collaboration to conduct trial of TB vaccine candidate in people living with HIV announced
Researchers will test the AERAS-402/Crucell Ad35 vaccine candidate in people living with HIV, aiming to induce critical CD8 immune cells. The study is crucial for developing an effective TB vaccine, especially for those with HIV, who are 20 times more likely to develop TB.
Earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy is cost-effective, effective for treating HIV in South Africa
Research suggests that starting antiretroviral therapy at a CD4 count of 350 is highly cost-effective. This approach may reduce morbidity, mortality, and improve long-term survival for patients in South Africa.
Men who have sex with men in Africa: The forgotten part of the HIV pandemic
In sub-Saharan Africa, MSM are a high-risk group for HIV infection, with prevalence rates often 10 times higher than in the general population. The lack of access to vital services, including condoms and education, exacerbates the issue.
Liverpool to strengthen health research in Africa
The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine is launching a £30 million initiative to strengthen health research in Africa. The program will support over 50 institutions across 18 African countries and create postgraduate scholarships for students to research health-related issues.
African institutions lead international consortia in $49 million initiative
The Wellcome Trust has launched a £30 million initiative to strengthen research capacity in Africa. Seven international and pan-African consortia will develop institutional capacity for health-related research vital to enhancing people's health, lives, and livelihoods.
New fossil primate suggests common Asian ancestor, challenges primates such as 'Ida'
A new fossil primate from Myanmar has redefined the origin of anthropoid primates, challenging the long-held belief that they evolved in Africa. The discovery of Ganlea megacanina supports the idea that amphipithecids are closely related to living anthropoids.
New research shows a global trend in nature-based tourism
A new study found that many nations are seeing an annual increase in visitors to their conservation areas, with visitor numbers rising by as much as 7 or 8 per cent per year in some countries. The research suggests that nature-based tourism remains extremely popular and is growing quickly in most places.