Articles tagged with Antarctica
A study on Antarctic jellyfish was conducted using footage from an amateur nature video. The research team identified 12 species, with two likely representing undescribed species. A machine learning training set for video annotation was also developed.
A new study explains how genetic islands can occur in marine molluscs by studying the limpet Nacella concinna. The researchers found that an entire generation of offspring descended from a limited number of parents and were carried by ocean currents to one location.
Researchers found a 12,000-year record of marine sediment cores in Antarctica showing fluctuations in sea ice levels affecting algae growth. Algal bloom events occurred nearly every year before 4,500 years ago, but became less frequent after 4.5 thousand years ago, responding to climate cycles like ENSO.
A new study reveals that climate change will affect Antarctic seals, such as crabeater and Weddell seals, in distinct ways. Crabeater seals are more vulnerable due to their specialized diet and breeding on unstable pack-ice, while Weddell seals are less affected.
Researchers have mapped significant geothermal heat beneath Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica, revealing a new potential weak spot in the ice sheet's stability. This heat flow, estimated to be up to 150 milliwatts per square meter, could lead to easier sliding of the glacier and potentially accelerate its collapse.
A new app under development uses AI to identify various kinds of sea ice in the Arctic, helping ship captains navigate icy waters and researchers better understand climate change. The app's accuracy improves with each user-submitted photo, making it a valuable tool for remote sensing of ice.
Scientists use NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite 2 to map subglacial lakes under the West Antarctic ice sheet. The study reveals two new lakes and provides critical insight into freshwater exchange, which may alter ocean circulation and ecosystems.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have found that thermally coupled systems produce more hydrogen than traditional setups when split by sunlight in sub-zero temperatures. This method could supply remote regions with clean energy, replacing fossil fuels and reducing pollution.
Researchers found multiple dinosaur species that reproduced in Arctic, including hadrosaurids, ceratopsians, and tyrannosaurs. The discovery provides evidence of year-round residency by dinosaurs in extremely cold environments.
Researchers found that early British Antarctic expeditions fed their dogs inadequate amounts of Spratt's dog cakes, leading to desperation and hunger among the canine team members. The study suggests that the dogs required significantly more energy-rich food to sustain their high-energy activities.
A new study reveals that tropical rainfall clusters in the western Pacific contribute to East Antarctic summer cooling. The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) plays a key role in this phenomenon, with MJO-related rainfall and pressure changes favoring cooling of East Antarctica.
The EU is funding a 15 million euro project to develop an integrated 'pan-Arctic Observing System of Systems' (pan-AOSS) via international collaboration. The project aims to improve the situation by expanding and coordinating Arctic Earth observation capacity, including measurements from Indigenous communities.
Researchers analyzed 25 years of Antarctic data, finding that ozone levels near the ground have risen by up to 0.14 ppb per year, primarily driven by natural and human sources. This increase can have negative impacts on the region in the future due to ozone's ability to trap heat near Earth's surface.
A new study published in the Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand suggests that indigenous Māori people may have set eyes on Antarctic waters and possibly the continent as early as the 7th century. The research uncovers a deep-rooted connection between Māori people and Antarctica, which continues to this day.
A new study revises past temperature estimates in Antarctica, revealing significant differences between West and East Antarctica due to varying altitudes. The research uses two independent methods to measure temperatures, providing reliable data for climate modeling and future projections.
Researchers have discovered a new marine scale worm species exhibiting male dwarfism, which is rare in the animal kingdom. The discovery sheds light on extreme sexual size dimorphism and highlights the unique environmental factors that may lead to such phenomena.
Two international studies analyzing Antarctic ice cores found warmer temperatures in East Antarctica during the last ice age, with temperatures averaging 6.1 degrees Celsius colder than today. The findings better match global climate models and strengthen confidence in their ability to simulate Earth's climate.
Researchers used two methods to reconstruct ancient Antarctica temperatures, finding that parts were 10 degrees below current temps, while others were only 4-5 degrees cooler. The study improves climate modeling and sheds light on the planet's sensitivity to greenhouse gases.
The journal features a special issue on the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Project (ArCS), which covered topics such as climate change, atmospheric science, and oceanography. The project aimed to understand the impacts of global warming on the Arctic environment and human society.
An Indigenous Māori framework offers a new perspective on managing and conserving Antarctica, focusing on responsibilities rather than rights. This approach acknowledges the intrinsic link between human well-being and the environment, promoting reciprocal and sustainable relationships with the continent.
Researchers at the University of Washington successfully analyzed Micropholis stowi fossils excavated during a 2017-2018 collection trip to Antarctica. The findings reveal that this salamander-sized amphibian was more widespread than previously recognized, with evidence suggesting it could have adapted to various environments.
A University of Otago study found that the 1855 Wairarapa earthquake created an ecological opportunity for a previously South Island restricted seaweed species to colonize and establish itself in the North Island. This discovery highlights the potential of tectonic disturbance to shape biodiversity, including marine environments.
Researchers use geological records to recreate the history of Larsen C Ice Shelf, finding that it has remained stable for the past 10,000 years. Despite this, the team warns that warmer ocean currents and atmospheric temperatures could lead to future collapse.
A recent study published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences found that the polar vortex plays a key role in Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion. The research used ZSL-DOAS techniques to measure ozone depletion near the edge of the polar vortex, revealing a positive correlation between PV and total ozone columns.
A new study led by UMass Amherst's Rob DeConto models the impact of different warming scenarios on the Antarctic Ice Sheet, finding that exceeding Paris Agreement targets will accelerate sea-level rise. The research suggests that ambitious action to rein in warming is necessary to prevent catastrophic ice loss and sea level rise.
A Rutgers coauthored study suggests catastrophic sea-level rise from Antarctic melting may occur if global warming exceeds 2 degrees Celsius, triggering rapid ice-sheet retreat and collapse. The risk of such an event is lower if the Paris Agreement's target is met.
Scientists found a strong correlation between insect body size and temperature in fossil midges, revealing a promising new proxy for palaeotemperatures. The study suggests that insects can be used to reconstruct ancient climates dating back to the Cretaceous period.
Researchers use fiber optic cable to detect small earthquakes in ice, offering insights into ice movement and deformation under changing climate conditions. The technique also improves monitoring of underground carbon capture and storage projects.,
Researchers at UMass Amherst used a novel approach to model ancient Antarctic ice sheets, revealing a thick but diminished ice sheet under mid-Miocene warmest conditions. The study suggests that greater precipitation led to a thickening of the ice sheet's interior regions, with potential implications for future sea level rise.
Researchers discovered a low-altitude meteoritic touchdown event reaching the Antarctic ice sheet 430,000 years ago, leaving behind chondritic bulk major particles. The study highlights the importance of reassessing medium-sized asteroid threats and has implications for identifying similar events in deep sea sediment cores.
The AFoPS Science Symposium successfully promoted joint polar observations in the region, with six member countries presenting their latest research results. The event also provided an opportunity for participants to exchange information and ideas for future collaborative research.
Scientists observed hundreds of Larch Budmoths on Vize Island, with moths surviving up to 20 days after arrival. The study suggests that climate change is allowing southerly insects to colonize High Arctic islands, paving the way for forest insect invasion.
The Antarctic peninsula is expected to experience significant warming over the next two decades, with temperatures rising by 0.5 to 1.5 degrees Celsius by 2044. Precipitation in the region is also projected to increase by 5% to 10%, posing a threat to the ice shelves and glaciers that cover it.
A recent study by Japanese and Australian scientists reveals that the Antarctic Peninsula is warming up due to changes in wind patterns caused by heating in the Tasman Sea. This warming trend has significant implications for sea levels worldwide.
Scientists used high-resolution data from ICESat-2 to map the depth and surface morphology of fractures in Antarctica's Amery Ice Shelf. The study identified three types of fractures up to 164 feet deep, providing insights into ice shelf stability and potential calving events.
Researchers used NASA's ICESat-2 satellite to track snowfall and found that 41% of height increases over West Antarctica during the 2019 winter occurred due to landfalling atmospheric rivers. These events delivered large quantities of snow during short periods, contributing to increased snow mass.
A University of Colorado Boulder-led study found record melting on Antarctica's northern George VI Ice Shelf during the 2019-2020 summer season. The extreme melt coincided with record-setting stretches when local surface air temperatures were at or above freezing point, posing a threat to ice-shelf break-up and sea-level rise.
Research finds widespread increases in ice speed across the Getz sector, with some ice accelerating into the ocean by nearly 50%. Thirteen glaciers are thinning and flowing more quickly into the ocean, contributing to a total loss of 315 gigatonnes of ice between 1994 and 2018.
A new study shows that rapid ice melt in the Arctic during the last deglaciation parallels current melt rates, raising concerns about climate change. The research used marine sediment cores to reconstruct the state of the environment 20,000-10,000 years ago and found a consistent correlation between global warming and ice sheet retreat.
University of Delaware Assistant Professor Carlos Moffat studies coastal systems and glacial ice retreat to understand global sea level rise. He will investigate freshwater discharge and its impact on ocean circulation and marine organisms.
Scientists from Alfred Wegener Institute found Arctic Ocean was filled with freshwater due to floating ice shelves. Freshwater inputs explained rapid climate oscillations.
New analysis of satellite data reveals Antarctica's ice melts at different rates each year, affecting sea level rise predictions. The study suggests that models used to predict sea-level change should reflect the dynamic nature of ice sheet changes.
A new study from Japan's National Institute of Polar Research has improved regional climate models using in-situ weather data collected over the Chukchi Sea. The research team found discrepancies between models in capturing cloud microphysics and sea surface energy budgets, highlighting the need for model improvement.
The Earth lost 28 trillion tonnes of ice between 1994 and 2017, equivalent to a sheet of ice 100m thick covering the UK. The rate of ice loss has increased markedly over the past three decades, driven by warming oceans and atmosphere.
A new study highlights the importance of adopting a network of marine protected areas around Antarctica to conserve breeding colonies of Antarctic penguins. The proposed MPAs would increase permanent conservation by 49-100%, depending on the species, and provide critical foraging grounds for penguin populations.
Researchers have discovered nine types of tonal ultrasonic seal vocalizations reaching up to 50 kHz in Antarctica's McMurdo Sound. The study suggests that Weddell seals may use these sounds for communication or echolocation.
Scientists aim to understand the recent collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to better gauge its potential risk in a warming climate. The Hercules Dome ice core will provide key evidence about past sea levels and ocean chemistry.
A paleobotanist is leading a team to Antarctica to collect and analyze fossilized flowering plants, providing insight into the early evolution of modern plants. The project aims to fill gaps in the fossil record and better understand the role of Antarctica in plant diversification.
A new study by McGill University researchers demonstrates that changes in the Antarctic ice sheet were driven by melting ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere. The team used numerical modeling and geological records to simulate simultaneous changes in sea levels and ice dynamics, revealing a complex connection between the two hemispheres.
A team of scientists found that melting ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere caused changes in the Antarctic ice sheet, which are thousands of miles away. This study sheds light on how global warming affects ice sheet stability and provides insight into future climate instability.
A new study finds that atmospheric rivers in the Southern Hemisphere are shifting toward the South Pole, which could lead to increased rates of ice melt in Antarctica. The shift is driven by a combination of factors, including ozone depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, and natural variations in sea surface temperature.
Researchers found subglacial waters in Antarctica and Greenland have higher concentrations of essential trace elements, challenging scientists' understanding of the Earth's geochemical processes. These discoveries may significantly impact the development of healthy ecosystems and the ocean waters receiving ice sheet meltwater.
A new study reveals that polar climate variations can impact tropical trade winds via atmospheric and oceanic pathways. The research demonstrates that anomalous cooling in either hemisphere leads to a strengthening of the tropical trade winds.
The new multi-drone imaging system coordinates multiple autonomous drones to produce detailed visual surveys of penguin colonies, reducing survey time from two days to two-and-a-half hours. The system uses a route planning algorithm that prioritizes efficient coverage and maintains a safe distance from the ground.
A new study explores long-term if-then-scenarios to quantify the effects of Arctic summer sea-ice melting on global warming. The research reveals that complete Arctic sea-ice melt could lead to an additional 0.2°C of warming, threatening climate goals.
A new international study by Monash University reveals that Antarctica's ice loss is expected to continue unabated for a long time, even if climate change is brought under control. The study found that rapid ice loss rates in the recent geological past were similar to those observed in rapidly changing parts of Antarctica today.
A team of researchers in Japan has created the most detailed and complete record yet of Earth's last magnetic reversal. The study reveals that the geomagnetic field became unstable at least 10,000 years prior to the magnetic direction change 773,000 years ago, and the full reversal process took at least 20,000 years.
An all-female scientific coalition is advocating for a Marine Protected Area in the Western Antarctic Peninsula to mitigate the impacts of climate change on threatened species. The proposal aims to conserve and protect the unique ecosystem and its wildlife, including penguins, whales, and krill.
Researchers found evidence of past permafrost thawing in Arctic Ocean sediments during past climate warming events. The study suggests that even a few degrees Celsius of Arctic warming could trigger massive permafrost thawing and release of greenhouse gases, posing a risk to the climate system.
Researchers found that Antarctica's ice sheet can become unstable and melt at specific warming levels, leading to a rise in global sea levels. If global temperatures reach 4 degrees above pre-industrial levels, Antarctic melting alone could raise sea levels by over 6 meters.