Articles tagged with Australia
A new study reveals that dingoes help reduce the spread of woody shrubs in Australian deserts by controlling small mammal populations. The research found that areas with fewer dingoes had higher rates of shrub cover and lower rates of seed removal, leading to a cascade effect where shrubs can thrive without top predators.
Researchers at the University of New South Wales achieved a 12.1% efficiency rating for a 16 cm2 perovskite solar cell, making it the largest single certified with the highest energy conversion efficiency. The team has also demonstrated an 18% efficiency rating on smaller cells and plans to extend durability.
A new study estimates that the CYD-TDV vaccine can reduce dengue disease burden by 6-25% in areas with moderate to high transmission intensity. However, it may increase hospitalizations for dengue disease in low-transmission settings. The vaccine is potentially cost-effective if priced competitively.
CSIRO's patented low-cost heliostats will be used in China for concentrating solar thermal (CST) electricity generation, helping the country reach its ambitious clean energy targets. The technology has great potential for medium to large-scale solar power due to its low cost of storing thermal energy.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that conservation-sensitive Australasian marsupials are much older than previously thought, with some species dating back over 25 million years. The research suggests that these ancient animals were able to adapt to changing environments and survive climate change.
Scientists have detected the brightest FRB to date, providing a new understanding of the diffuse intergalactic material and its turbulence. By studying this phenomenon, researchers can gain insights into the production of cosmic magnetic fields.
Scientists detected a brief but brilliant burst of radiation that provided new information about the cosmic web, a swirling gas and magnetic field between galaxies. The event allowed researchers to reconstruct the travel path of the signal to a precise line of sight, offering clues about the Universe's vast spaces.
Research reveals that warming ocean temperatures and increased fish populations are destroying kelp forests off the NSW north coast. The study found that over-grazing by fish can lead to kelp deforestation and barren reefs, posing a significant threat to marine ecosystems in Australia and globally.
Simon's seminal paper on singularities has had a profound impact on analysis and geometry, with hundreds of papers built upon its insights. His work unifies and generalizes earlier research, providing powerful tools for differential equations and beyond.
A retrospective observational study of 323 children with cerebral palsy reveals that 9.6% had cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in their blood, six times higher than previously reported
A study of 153,000 Australian children found that planned births before optimal time had poorer child development. Children born vaginally at full term had a lower risk of developmental issues compared to those born via planned birth or labor induction.
A new study found that regions with higher uptake of the program saw a 40% decline in hospitalizations to treat chronic conditions among indigenous Australians. Hospitalization rates dropped from 82.3 per 1,000 in 2009 to 61.2 per 1,000 in 2011.
A comprehensive study of Australian natural hazards finds increasing heatwaves and extreme bushfires, but uncertain projections for storms and rainfall. Temperature-related hazards are projected to become more extreme, while others may see increased frequency or intensity, with complex interlinkages between climate extremes.
A record hot year globally in 2015 could soon become an average year by 2025 if carbon emissions continue to rise, according to new research. The 'new normal' for global average temperatures is expected to be locked in by 2040, but immediate action on carbon emissions can prevent extreme seasons from becoming the norm at regional levels.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation presented five researchers with prestigious Young Investigator Research Awards for their notable osteoporosis research. The award winners were selected from 168 abstracts and received a prize of $1000, a certificate, and the opportunity to present their work at a high-profile session.
Researchers found that birds in tropical climates are not more colorful than those in temperate climates. Instead, birds in harsh desert environments have evolved fancier colors to attract mates quickly. Birds in humid forest environments are darker in color overall.
A new study finds that using emotion regulation strategies like reappraisal in situations with control over outcomes may actually hinder well-being, while those with higher well-being use these strategies more in uncontrollable situations. Context plays a significant role in the effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies.
Researchers found industry sponsorship may be linked to more favorable study outcomes, but differences were not statistically significant. Insufficient evidence exists to quantify the impact of industry sponsorship on research quality and results.
Researchers at James Cook University have identified a protein secreted by hookworms that suppresses asthma in mice and shows promise as a treatment for humans with allergies. The study builds on previous research into possible treatments for inflammatory bowel disease.
A QUT report reveals YouTube is the most popular digital content source in Australian classrooms, with teachers trusting ABC and SBS content. The research emphasizes the need for high-quality, contemporary, and curriculum-relevant screen content that is both fun and engaging.
The GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA survey has produced a catalogue of 300,000 galaxies observed by the Murchison Widefield Array, revealing unprecedented radio technicolour views of the sky.
A 21-year study found people living in remote areas were three times more likely to have a notifiable disease, with STIs six times higher. Indigenous Australians make up only 3% of the population but represent 8% of notified cases, highlighting significant under-reporting.
A recent study published in the International Wound Journal found that implementing evidence-based prevention and treatment for diabetic foot ulcers through Medicare could save Australia $2.7 billion over five years. Patients receiving best care also experience faster ulcer healing, fewer hospitalisations, and amputations.
A study by Christine Cooper, Phil Withers, and Christofer Clemente found that individual echidnas aerate 200m3 of soil annually, playing a crucial role in maintaining Australia's environmental health. The team also discovered that echidna digging activities can mix organic material into the soil, which is essential for ecosystem balance.
A 12-month LED street lighting trial in Brisbane, Ipswich, and Townsville found power savings of up to 82% compared to traditional High Intensity Discharge (HID) lights. The trial also demonstrated significant energy savings of up to 60% when combined with smart lighting control.
Australian engineers have created a new quantum bit called the 'dressed qubit' which retains quantum information for much longer than previously achieved, opening up new avenues to build and operate powerful quantum computers. The result is a 10-fold improvement in the time span during which quantum superposition can be preserved.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Nursing found that alcohol-related injuries occurred predominantly at home, accounting for 36.1% of cases. Men were more likely to be seen at emergency departments for at-home injuries compared to females.
A new Lancet series explores the connections between urban design, transportation, and health, suggesting eight major interventions to create healthier cities. The research highlights the need to shift from private car use to cycling and walking to reduce environmental and social risk factors.
Researchers used genetic profiling to predict osteoporosis risk in individuals with high accuracy, improving classification by 12% compared to traditional clinical risk factors. The findings have the potential to revolutionize bone disease management and treatment for Australia's 1.2 million osteoporosis sufferers.
A phylogenetic analysis supports transoceanic dispersal of Amaurobioides genus across Southern Hemisphere continents. The study suggests that an ancestral population existed on ancient supercontinent Gondwana and dispersed eastward during the Miocene era.
Scientists developed a method to estimate weakness in the Earth's outer layers, allowing for more accurate predictions of volcanic activity and earthquakes. The new model uses surface-based electromagnetic imaging techniques to estimate viscosity variations, which can be used to understand processes driving tectonic plate deformation.
Research by RMIT Professor Lewi Stone suggests that complex systems are likely to be fragile despite their diversity. The study revisited classic theories on stability in complex systems, finding that simplicity can govern the behavior of these networks. This challenges the long-held assumption that complexity leads to instability.
A new study found that prisons can drive down hepatitis C prevalence and help reach global WHO elimination goals by providing a unique environment for treatment and addressing risk behaviors. Introducing prevention programs in prisons and amongst individuals transitioning back to the community could significantly reduce infections.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have shown how a complex mix of plant compounds derived from ancient clinical practice in China kills cancer cells. The study characterised the molecular action of a Traditional Chinese Medicine, finding that it alters cell cycle regulation to push cancer cells down the death pathway.
Research from the University of Sydney found that physical activity can decrease cancer and all-cause mortality risks in drinkers. The study found moderate to heavy drinking increased cancer risk, but regular exercise offset this risk.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that bandicoots in Tasmania avoid domestic dogs due to thousands of years of dingo coexistence, but not cats. Tasmanian bandicoots have been exposed to dogs for 200 years, while dingoes arrived in mainland Australia 4000 years ago.
Researchers at Griffith University have discovered a potential new therapeutic treatment for mosquito-borne alphavirus infections, including Ross River Virus and Chikungunya Virus. Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) has shown promising results in treating acute and chronic disease manifestations of alphavirus infections.
A landmark twin study has identified moderate to strong genetic contributions to the volume of cortical and subcortical brain structures in people over 65. The research found that specific brain regions, such as the hippocampus, have high genetic influences, while others show unique genetic determinants.
A team of astronomers charted the rise and fall of galaxies over 90 percent of cosmic history using the FourStar Galaxy Evolution Survey. They discovered young galaxies that existed as early as 12.5 billion years ago, with diverse structures and star formation patterns.
Researchers reconstructed songbird evolutionary history using DNA sequences and fossil records, revealing diversification in Australia about 33 million years ago. Songbirds first dispersed out of Australia through early Indonesian islands into Asia and subsequently the globe around 23 million years ago.
New research reveals female fiddler crabs visit and leave males to find safe burrows from predators, not perfect matches. Female fiddler crabs use a map of burrow positions to survive bird attacks, which is crucial for both mate-searching and burrow-seeking females.
A randomized controlled trial tested the effectiveness of a teenage pregnancy prevention programme involving an infant simulator and found it did not reduce the risk of pregnancy. In fact, the study showed that teenage girls who took part were more likely to become pregnant compared to those who did not take part.
A new, tiny species of extinct Australian marsupial lion has been named Microleo attenboroughi, weighing only about 600 grams. It shared its ancient rainforest community with two larger species of marsupial lions, suggesting it may have specialised on a different size range of prey.
A commentary in CMAJ cautions against tobacco industry influence on Canada's plain packaging consultation. The authors advocate for media vigilance and government requirements to disclose conflicts of interest and ensure submissions are backed by peer-reviewed evidence.
A Monash University and Harvard researchers have discovered the molecular cause of the itchy, painful rash caused by poison ivy. The finding identifies CD1a as a crucial immune molecule in mediating skin inflammation and irritation after contact with urushiol, a key player in triggering skin-based allergic reactions.
Researchers have identified a potential treatment for severe scarring by inhibiting an enzyme called lysyl oxidase, which enables collagen to crosslink and form scar tissue. The compounds, tested in a 'scar-in-a-jar' model, show promise in restoring normal tissue architecture.
Researchers at RMIT University found that green laser pointers were most dangerous, with one model 127 times over the Australian safety limit. The team calls for stricter testing and quality control measures to protect public health.
The International Society for Burn Injuries has issued new practice guidelines for burn care in resource-limited settings, addressing the need for standardized care globally. The guidelines provide recommendations for initial assessment, resuscitation, wound care, and rehabilitation, aiming to reduce costs and improve outcomes.
Researchers at Australian National University predict that a warmer climate could lead to a decrease in dengue transmission in certain regions, such as northeast Australia. This finding is relevant to other mosquito-borne viruses like Zika, and highlights the need for continued monitoring of global health impacts.
Researchers found that tiger sharks prefer to scavenge on dead and dying green turtles, avoiding hundreds of healthy individuals. This behavior is similar to terrestrial carnivores, such as hyenas and polar bears, which selectively scavenge when the opportunity arises.
Four new Colletotrichum species have been identified in Australian chillies, causing anthracnose disease that lowers yield and produces sunken black spots. The discovery highlights the need for a more effective diagnostic quarantine system to protect Australia's billion-dollar agriculture export industry.
Using cutting-edge eDNA technology, researchers from James Cook University successfully identified largetooth sawfish habitats in the Daly River, Northern Territory. The technique was mostly accurate in waterholes but disappointing in flowing rivers, with limitations yet to be overcome.
A new four-dimensional lung scanning platform developed at Monash University has the potential to transform treatment for millions of people with lung disease. The technology allows clinicians to detect changes in lung function earlier, enabling them to quantify the effects of treatment.
The study reveals murky marketing practices and false advertising in the industry, with websites often making unsubstantiated claims about adult stem cells and targeting anti-aging/skincare applications.
New research reveals that over 40% of people with depression and anxiety skipped healthcare treatment due to cost. Adults with asthma, emphysema, and COPD faced significantly higher household out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure compared to those without a health condition.
Astronomers have peer into a nearby star's past, using low-frequency radio observations to fine-tune our understanding of stellar explosions. The team found the red supergiant lost matter at a slower rate and generated slower winds, improving knowledge of space composition.
Research suggests that online product selection leads to increased customer spending, with popular and niche items generating significant revenue for retailers. Customers spend almost 11% more on main offerings and 250% more on hard-to-find niche items compared to catalog shoppers.
A new research replication project involving 24 labs and over 2100 participants failed to reproduce findings suggesting self-control is a depletable resource. The study, published in Perspectives on Psychological Science, used computerized tasks to test the ego depletion effect, but found no significant difference between conditions.
Male cuttlefish exhibit a hierarchy of threat displays to signal aggressive intent, with frontal and shovel displays predicting subsequent lateral displays. These displays allow rivals to determine the opponent's level of aggression, enabling tactical decisions about contest escalation or withdrawal.
A new species of extinct flesh-eating marsupial, Whollydooleya tomnpatrichorum, has been identified from a fossil discovery in New Riversleigh, Queensland. The hypercarnivore is thought to have weighed around 20-25 kilograms and lived during the Late Miocene period, around 5 million years ago.