Articles tagged with Europe
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The diffusion of bell beakers in continental Europe was driven by the dissemination of ideas rather than migration, according to a recent genetic study. This finding refutes the long-accepted theory that the spread of cultural elements was associated with significant migrant movements.
Scientists have discovered the first major evidence that Neanderthals created the world's oldest known cave paintings, dating back over 64,000 years. The findings suggest that Neanderthals had an artistic sense similar to that of modern humans and were capable of symbolic thinking.
Researchers used Uranium-Thorium dating to determine the age of cave art in Spain, finding it was created by Neanderthals over 64,000 years ago, predating modern human arrival in Europe. This discovery suggests that Neanderthals shared symbolic thinking and cognitive abilities with early Homo sapiens.
A new study using ancient DNA analysis has found that human populations have been migrating and mixing extensively throughout history, with the Yamnaya people from Central Asia expanding rapidly to Europe, Britain, and beyond. The research also reveals a biased genetic exchange between farmers and hunter-gatherers in northern Europe.
The study confirmed two major migrations through southeastern Europe, with early farmers from Anatolia spreading westward and a steppe population replacing northern Europe's population. The region remained a genetic contact zone between East and West until the Bronze Age.
Researchers used historic and modern plant genomes to measure the rate of evolution in a wild plant. They found that Arabidopsis had been introduced to North America by Europeans around 1600, with new mutations appearing over the past 400 years. These findings provide insights into the genetic paradox of invasion.
The European Lead Factory uses microscale thermophoresis to prioritize small molecule hits from high-throughput screening, improving the efficiency of drug discovery. This technology measures biomolecule movement through temperature gradients and avoids spurious mechanisms that can lead to costly failures.
Research reveals that systematic education tools can significantly improve understanding and willingness to address marine litter. Educators and students who participated in an online project showed high intentions of implementing changes and reported increased concern about the issue.
Severe sleep-disordered breathing is linked with increased arterial stiffness in heart failure patients. Treating obstructive sleep apnea and other breathing abnormalities, such as CPAP devices, may lead to improved prognosis by reducing arterial stiffness.
A genomic study reveals that the Beaker culture spread throughout Europe through cultural diffusion, replacing around 90% of populations in areas like Great Britain. The study shows no evidence of large-scale genetic migration from Iberia to Central and Western Europe.
A recent study of ancient DNA has found that the Bell Beaker culture in Europe comprised two genetically distinct populations, challenging previous assumptions about their spread. The research also revealed a significant genetic shift, introducing variants for paler skin and lighter-colored eyes, as well as genes for digesting lactose.
A new study reveals that European cities will experience more frequent and severe heatwaves, droughts, and flooding due to climate change. Southern Europe will see the biggest increases in heatwave days and temperatures, while central Europe will face the greatest temperature increases during heatwaves.
A study published in European Respiratory Journal found that moderate and severe COPD exacerbations accelerate physical activity decline. Researchers recommend promoting interventions to increase physical activity after an exacerbation to improve outcomes.
Researchers sequenced an ancient Taino individual's genome, finding a strong genetic connection to present-day Arawakan speakers from northern South America. The study suggests the Taino people originated from this ancestral population, illuminating early Caribbean peopling and European colonization impacts.
A new study reveals genetic variations in blood vessel inflammation and drug metabolism genes increase the risk of severe dengue shock syndrome in Asians and Europeans. These genetic factors can be used to develop targeted treatments for vulnerable populations.
Researchers found a significant association between rapid increases in air pollution and cardiovascular risk, even in clean air cities. Nitric oxide increases of over 20 μg/m3 within 24 hours doubled the risk of heart attack.
A retrospective study found that 49% of Latin American migrants screened positive for Chagas disease, with a higher percentage of patients with strongyloidiasis infected by the parasite. The authors recommend implementing a combined screening program to address both infections.
A new study published in the European Heart Journal found that every ten-minute delay in treatment for STEMI patients with cardiogenic shock results in an extra 3.3 deaths per 100 patients treated with PCI. Treating STEMI patients within 90 minutes of first contact can prevent one death in every 12 patients.
Nuno Maulide will receive the award at the European Colloquium on Heterocyclic Chemistry in Lecce, Italy, for his original work on unconventional reactivity profiles and high-energy reactive intermediates. The prize includes a travel grant, €1,000 cash prize, and a lifelong online subscription to Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry.
A new study reveals that North Americans may be more susceptible to eye worm parasitic infections due to the presence of fruit flies carrying a third species of eye worms. The Oregon woman's case marks the first known human infection with Thelazia gulosa, previously seen only in cattle.
Teleconsulting is crucial for rare cancers like sarcomas, which require specialized expertise. EURACAN, a European Reference Network, aims to provide timely diagnosis and treatment through referral networks.
A new study has reported the first case of stem rust in wheat in the UK in over 60 years, warning of a perfect storm of conditions favourable to its resurgence. The fungus is susceptible to over 80% of UK wheat varieties, and its spread could be exacerbated by climate change and Barberry planting.
Researchers have uncovered two distinct moth species using leaf-mining moths that were previously misidentified due to their shared name. The corrected classification reveals that these insects expand their ranges differently, with one having a single annual generation and the other featuring multiple generations.
Experts emphasize need for standardized quality review, transparent data sharing and greater stakeholder involvement in risk assessment. Workshop participants agree on importance of harmonized system for efficient regulation.
Migratory birds use a light-dependent protein called cryptochrome 4 to navigate, which is specifically expressed in the outer segment of double-cone photoreceptor cells. This discovery provides new insights into magnetoreception and could help protect wildlife from human disturbances.
The SLAS Journal Achievement Awards recognized outstanding contributions to the advancement of life sciences discovery and technology. Honorees included researchers who demonstrated exceptional review quality, timeliness, and volunteer service.
A study by Dr Heejung Chung at the University of Kent found that low-skilled workers and those perceived as more insecure are less likely to access non-statutory flexible working arrangements. This division is particularly pronounced in northern European countries with the best family-friendly working-time arrangements.
A study published in Thorax found that leisure-time vigorous physical activity is associated with better lung function among current smokers. Regular physical activity was shown to improve respiratory muscle endurance and strength, leading to higher lung function.
The EU-funded Arctic Research Icebreaker Consortium (ARICE) aims to improve access to research icebreakers and develop strategies for coordinated use of polar research vessels. The consortium will give scientists fully funded access to six research icebreakers, enabling them to conduct research in the Arctic Ocean.
A new global database of surface ozone observations has been released, providing insights into ozone pollution trends and patterns worldwide. Despite decreasing emissions in North America and Europe, many regions still experience excessive ozone levels, posing health concerns for populations.
A study by researchers at the Higher School of Economics found that only 2.4% of Russian companies have corporate universities, compared to 28% in Europe. Investing in a corporate university may not be sustainable in the long-run and can create risks for companies.
Research led by the Universities of Leicester and Edinburgh reveals that surface ozone levels are detrimental to human health, with increasing levels in East Asia. The study analyzed data from over 4,800 monitoring stations worldwide, showing a decrease in ozone levels in Europe and North America but an increase in East Asia.
A study of 9500-year-old bone samples found that people from western Norway were genetically similar to those east of the Baltic Sea in Russia, while eastern Scandinavians were more similar to central and western Europe. The discovery highlights multiple waves of migration to Scandinavia.
A comparative study of 1,227 individuals from three groups and seven cultures found that perceived threats to culture, traditions, and values predict outgroup hostility and violence. The research suggests that a 'Clash of Cultures' mentality underlies some Muslim-Western conflicts.
A new study found that standing burns more calories than sitting, with a 65 kg person losing 10 kg in 4 years by substituting standing for sitting for 6 hours a day. Standing is linked to lower rates of heart attacks, strokes, and diabetes.
A new climate study found that recent temperatures across North America and Europe are unusually high, exceeding past decade highs by 0.5 degrees Fahrenheit, and have few natural precedents over the last 11,000 years. The research suggests that human activity has significantly contributed to this warming trend.
Scientists at Swansea University are developing a circular economy solution using algae to clean up waste nutrients from food and farm waste. The ALG-AD project aims to cultivate algal biomass for animal feed and other products, reducing pollution and promoting sustainable agriculture.
An international team analyzed ancient DNA from 38 northern Europeans, uncovering that Scandinavia was settled via southern and northern routes. Agriculture arrived in northern Europe through migrating farmers and pastoralists. The study provides new insights into population dynamics of prehistoric northern Europe.
Plant species in the European Alps have shifted their elevational ranges upslope over the past several decades, with average abundance increasing. This trend has slowed at higher elevations, resulting in increased competition among species, particularly those at the highest elevations.
Direct DNA sequencing is uncovering unexpected genetic connections between ancient and modern populations in Eurasia, suggesting early gene flow or population structure that led to Europeans and Asians. Genetic analyses also reveal Neanderthal ancestry and mixing events, providing new insights into human prehistory.
A European Society of Cardiology study found that four in ten cardiomyopathies in young people are genetic. Family screening is crucial to detect the disease in apparently healthy relatives and prevent early death. The study also highlights the need for earlier diagnosis and better diagnostic tests, including genetic testing.
Researchers found that women in female-dominated workplaces face a 'women's work penalty' with worse access to flexible working arrangements. The study, published in the European Journal of Industrial Relations, suggests that low wages are accompanied by poor working conditions.
A major review by UNSW medical researchers has identified Enterovirus D68 as the likely cause of a mystery polio-like illness that paralysed children in the affected regions. The study used Bradfield Hill criteria to determine causality and found strong evidence linking EV-D68 to acute flaccid myelitis.
Research reveals human smugglers operate in a highly segmented market, with each stage a competitive marketplace for 'independent and autonomous' smugglers. Successful smugglers rely on reputation among migrants to maintain their business, and removing one smuggler can lead to rivals seizing their market share.
Only one-third of countries meet global targets for protected area connectivity, with EU Member States averaging 18.9% connected land coverage. The study recommends designating new PAs in strategic locations to enhance connectivity and support biodiversity conservation.
A new study suggests that people who perceive their willpower as limited are more likely to feel exhausted and need breaks between mentally taxing activities. In contrast, those who view their willpower as limitless tend to feel energized and ready to tackle the next challenge.
A European Society of Cardiology study found that nearly a quarter of patients with chronic ischaemic cardiovascular disease are dead or hospitalised within six months. The study identified factors such as older age, history of peripheral revascularisation and chronic kidney disease as strongly associated with high risk.
A new financial services tribunal is proposed to fill the gap in resolving mid-market disputes between financial institutions and small and medium-sized enterprises. The tribunal could increase international demand for English credit, reduce compliance costs, and improve innovation and growth.
A study by University of East Anglia and Nottingham Trent University found that Olympic success leads to decreased trading volumes in major economies. However, stock market returns remain largely unaffected. The researchers suggest that investors' distraction is the primary reason for this decrease.
A consortium of UK and European universities will test the validity of quantum superposition principle using a tiny glass particle levitated in a vacuum. The experiment aims to determine if quantum mechanics apply at larger scales, with implications for quantum technology applications.
Researchers from FAU are studying German cities' bids for European Capital of Culture to understand the impact on EU culture and identity. Initial findings suggest that cities prioritize cooperation over competition, highlighting the initiative's potential as a counter-balance to EU politics.
The new laboratory will focus on advancing understanding in areas including number theory, mathematical analysis, biomathematics and financial mathematics. It represents the highest level of collaboration between French and UK mathematics communities.
Research reveals more than two thirds of central and northern Europe were once covered by trees, now down to a third. New forest initiatives may mitigate habitat change using ecological approaches and traditional farming practices.
A European study found that increasing cycling networks in cities can lead to significant health and economic benefits. The study estimates that if all assessed cities achieved a 24.7% bicycle mode share, over 10,000 premature deaths could be avoided annually.
A modeling study suggests human fleas and body lice played a role in the spread of plague during Europe's Second Pandemic. The study found that these ectoparasites better reflected mortality patterns than other transmission routes.
Professor James Hough receives the Gold Medal for his seminal contribution to gravitational waves, while Professor Robert White is awarded for a lifetime of distinguished achievement in solid Earth geophysics. The awards recognize significant achievements in astronomy and geophysics across various fields.
Researchers found that increased fluctuations in the jet stream's path since the 1960s coincide with more extreme weather events, including heat waves, droughts, wildfires, and flooding. The study used tree ring data to reconstruct historical changes in the North Atlantic jet stream prior to the 20th century.
A new warm-up program for children's soccer has been shown to reduce injuries by around 50 percent. The '11 + Kids' program, developed for kids aged 7-13, involves a 20-minute warm-up with seven exercises performed at the start of training sessions.
The passenger pigeon's massive population of five billion individuals was dwindling even before the arrival of Europeans, who contributed to its eventual collapse. Genetic analysis using PSMC method found that the species' genetic variation patterns were unusual, making it unsuitable for this technique.
A UK survey found that feelings of threat from immigration, distrust of politicians, and disidentification with Europe significantly impacted voting intentions for Brexit. The results suggest that perceived threats from immigration were a key factor in shaping the Brexit vote.