Articles tagged with Europe
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new report by RAND Corporation finds that the US loses 1.2 million working days annually due to sleep deprivation, leading to significant economic losses. Increasing nightly sleep from under six hours to seven hours could add $226.4 billion to the economy.
A new report by ECDC and WHO Europe reveals that approximately 122,000 people in the EU/EEA are infected with HIV but remain undiagnosed. Easy access to testing is crucial for individuals living with HIV to benefit from life-saving treatment.
A new report from the Institute for Scientific Information on Coffee highlights the potential role of coffee consumption in reducing age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Moderate coffee intake (3-5 cups per day) may provide protection against cognitive decline, with caffeine likely playing a key role.
A-LEAF project, led by ICIQ, aims to build a photovoltaic device mimicking photosynthesis to produce clean fuels and raw materials using sunlight, water, and CO2. The project seeks to develop sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels.
The European Summit of Industrial Biotechnology 2016 highlights the growing importance of biotech, with a focus on innovative technologies like CRISPR/CAS and automated lab systems. However, severe challenges are emerging, including the potential automation of labs and the decline of human roles in scientific research.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses have been reported in Europe via wild bird migration, primarily affecting poultry and wild birds. The risk of transmission to the general public is considered very low, but people handling infected birds may be at risk.
Antibiotic resistance increased across Europe in 2015, with EU-wide carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae rising to 8.1%. Prudent use of antibiotics is crucial to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria. The European Commission will launch a new action plan to tackle antibiotic resistance.
Researchers found that Varroa jacobsoni mites are shifting from Asian to European honeybees, posing a new threat to pollinators. The study identified key genes involved in the host switch and potential control strategies.
Phage therapy, which uses viruses to kill bacteria, has shown no adverse effects in clinical trials and holds promise for treating antibiotic-resistant infections. Researchers plan to use phages against E. coli in the gut or MRSA on the skin, with a goal of establishing a central repository for phages.
A new European study published in BMJ Quality and Safety found that hospitals employing more nurse assistants than professional nurses have higher mortality rates, lower patient satisfaction, and poorer quality of care. The study highlights the risks to patient safety and quality in these settings.
New research by the University of Kent found that expanding childcare provision can increase public support, while reducing it. The study analyzed data from 22 European countries and discovered a 'virtuous cycle' between policy provision and parental support for childcare.
A study analyzing the genomes of 25 individuals from 1,000 to 6,000 years ago and their descendants found that variants beneficial before European contact became disadvantageous upon arrival. The researchers discovered a significant decline in these alleles, suggesting negative selection may have contributed to population decline.
A large European study reveals that replacing professionally qualified nurses with lower skilled nursing assistants is associated with a 21% rise in patient deaths and other indicators of poor quality care. The study found that higher proportions of professionally qualified nurses were linked to significantly lower risks of death, pati...
The IPERION CH project brings together European researchers and institutions to create a single infrastructure for scientific research on cultural heritage. The initiative provides access to high-quality scientific instruments, innovative equipment, and unique data, making it easier for researchers to advance their projects.
A new study examines the effectiveness of duloxetine for stress urinary incontinence and finds that while it lessens incontinence frequency, adverse effects and suicidality are more common with duloxetine compared to a placebo.
International scientists are searching for the oldest ice core in Antarctica, up to 1.5 million years old, to decipher past climate processes and improve future predictions. The 'Beyond EPICA - Oldest Ice' project aims to drill a core with sufficient atmospheric gases to analyze past greenhouse gas levels.
Canadian and European boreal forests have distinct differences in terms of dominant shrubs, animal cycles, and predator-prey dynamics. The research found that climate is the primary factor driving these differences.
Red squirrels in Britain and Ireland are found to be infected with leprosy bacteria, M. leprae and M. lepromatosis. This discovery raises concerns for conservation efforts as the disease can be transmitted among red squirrels, highlighting the need for better management.
Pancreatic cancer is expected to become the third leading cause of death from cancer in the EU by 2017. The number of deaths from pancreatic cancer will overtake breast cancer mortality rates in the EU, with 91,500 estimated deaths next year.
Climate model experiments suggest Northeast Asia has experienced abrupt summer warming, with significant changes in temperature extremes since the mid-1990s. Dr. DONG's team attributes these changes to natural variability and anthropogenic forcings, with reduced aerosol precursor emissions over Europe playing a crucial role.
A new study assesses the relationships between climate, land use, and ecosystem services in Europe, highlighting their impact on human well-being. The research focuses on three regulating ecosystem services: air quality regulation, soil erosion control, and water flow regulation.
The LifeWatchGreece team publishes a vast collection of peer-reviewed scientific outputs, including software descriptions, data papers, taxonomic checklists and research articles, to demonstrate the availability and applicability of their e-Services and Virtual Laboratories.
Researchers used social media platforms to map locations of highly sought natural destinations. These findings can inform management decisions and prioritize conservation efforts, leveraging the collective value placed on these areas by the public.
Researchers found that geotagged social media photos on Instagram, Flickr, and Panoramio provide valuable data for predictive models to guide land use decisions worldwide. The study shows that landscapes with mountainous areas, rivers, lakes, and population centers are most valued by society.
NAFLD affects 64 million individuals worldwide, with annual direct medical costs of $103 billion in the US and €35 billion in Europe. The economic burden is even higher when including societal and indirect costs.
Researchers have created a 'stability map' to track fusion plasma rotation and collisionality in real-time. This allows for the detection of potential instability and control over the plasma, potentially avoiding disruption of fusion reactions.
The bellygenes initiative is a large-scale genetic project studying the genetic makeup of 800,000 Europeans in relation to irritable bowel syndrome. The study aims to reveal pathophysiological pathways that can help explain IBS etiology and inform molecular reclassification of patients.
Schmallenberg virus is unlikely to be circulating in southern England, but its reappearance is possible as herd immunity decreases. The virus causes mild clinical signs in adult cattle and can damage the fetus in pregnant females, leading to abortions, stillbirths, and congenital defects.
Reducing exposure to environmental synthetic chemicals by 25% could ward off over 150,000 new cases of diabetes in Europe and save €4.5 billion every year. A 40% reduction in BMI would lead to a 40% decrease in diabetes prevalence among 70-75 year olds.
The ZikaPLAN consortium aims to address knowledge gaps, prevent disease spread, and educate affected populations in Latin America. The global network will also build sustainable response capacity for Zika and other emerging infectious diseases.
The largest study to investigate the effects of air pollution and traffic noise found that long-term exposure is linked to a greater incidence of high blood pressure. For every 5 μg/m3 of PM2.5, the risk of hypertension increased by 22% in people living in the most polluted areas.
A new study identifies urban expansion as the historical cause of low oxygen conditions in European lakes, with increased waste water pollution boosting biological productivity and leading to a rise in oxygen consumption.
African American men have higher incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer due to genetic factors and socioeconomic disparities. MNX1 is a new oncogene identified as more active in African American prostate cancer, which can lead to improved diagnostic tools and treatment approaches.
Research finds that people of African ancestry generally show stronger immune responses than Europeans, who display reduced immune responses due to selective pressure. The discovery suggests that European populations were partly shaped by the introduction of new genetic variants through interbreeding with Neanderthals.
Researchers found that African Americans have a stronger immune response to bacterial infections compared to Europeans, partly due to genetic differences. This response is linked to reduced susceptibility to autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease and tuberculosis.
The European Society of Cardiology is hosting its annual congress in Paris at the end of August 2019. The event is expected to be highly successful, building on the success of the 2011 edition, which was also held in Paris and received positive reviews.
A new study estimates the combined burden of six healthcare-associated infections to be higher than that of diseases like influenza, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis together. The estimated annual burden is approximately 2.5 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the EU/EEA.
A new theory proposes that social identity and policy positions compete to shape voter choice. This model explains why voters often select candidates whose policies contradict their own interests, as people prioritize their self-image and social media signals over the practical benefits of voting.
A team of researchers discovered a previously unknown hybrid species of bison and cattle, known as the Higgs Bison, through ancient DNA analysis. The mystery species dominated European records for thousands of years before alternating with the Steppe Bison due to climate change.
A pioneering new program could significantly improve quality of life for young adults living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The Berliner TransitionsProgramm, a two-year transition from pediatric to adult care, has reported successful outcomes and is being adopted across Europe.
The European Union experiences a significant number of healthcare-associated infections each year, resulting in approximately 2.5 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The study found that these infections have a higher combined burden than other communicable diseases like influenza and HIV/AIDS.
The Rome IV classification introduces new diagnoses, emphasizes gut-brain interaction, and updates diagnostic criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders. The Rome IV toolkit provides an interactive clinical decision-making tool for clinicians to optimize patient care.
A new study has found that faecal bacterial profiles can be used to predict which IBS patients are most likely to benefit from a low-FODMAP diet. The research identified differences in gut bacteria composition between those who responded and did not respond to the diet.
A new avatar-based application has been shown to improve symptom recognition in heart attack survivors, with a 24% increase in ability to recognize symptoms and a 15% increase in knowledge about what to do. The app is designed to be user-friendly and accessible for patients of all ages and languages.
A prospective, randomised clinical trial found that an ultraviolet air steriliser significantly reduced sepsis and mortality in cardiac surgery patients. The study included 1097 patients and showed a lower rate of sepsis (3.4% vs 6.7%) and 30-day in-hospital mortality (3.8% vs 6.4%) in patients with the steriliser.
A new study reveals that a protein in wheat triggers inflammation in tissues beyond the gut, contributing to the development of chronic health conditions. The consumption of ATIs may worsen symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity.
Researchers have developed a new imaging technique using hyperspectral imaging to detect and characterize early cancerous changes in the gastrointestinal tract. The technique, which involves increasing color channels during endoscopy, has the potential to improve specificity of lesion identification.
Researchers found the unique impression of skin scales from a large herbivore sauropod, possibly a titanosaurus, in sandstone rocks. The discovery is significant as it provides evidence of one of the last dinosaurs to live on Earth before their extinction.
A study presented at the Argentine Congress of Cardiology found that smoking rates increased from 42% to 69% in heart attack patients between 2011 and 2015, coinciding with a 100% increase in cigarette affordability. Despite improved treatment for heart attacks, mortality rates remained unchanged.
Researchers analyzed viral samples and wild bird migration patterns to understand the spread of H5N8 avian influenza. The study found two main migration routes for the virus, suggesting direct or indirect contact with infected birds as likely transmission methods.
Nearly one in three Myanmar citizens have hypertension, while half have high cholesterol. Experts warn that poor lifestyle choices are contributing to a surge in heart disease.
The Vote Leave campaign used the NHS logo in their advertising, despite being warned by the Department of Health not to do so. The NHS logo is a registered trademark and was found to be misleadingly associated with funding for healthcare services.
New research reveals EU's transport sector faces significant challenges in achieving emission reduction targets. The study highlights a lack of ambition and internal disagreement over responsibility, as well as scarcity of data and bias towards industry interests.
A recent study found a measurable bias toward European ancestry data in top genomic databases, with African ancestry data underrepresented. This bias can lead to inaccurate medical genetic diagnoses and higher costs, highlighting the need for greater diversity in genomic databases.
A new study reveals that medieval cities in Western Europe had statistically indistinguishable community grouping patterns compared to younger European cities. The research suggests that social dynamics enabled by medieval cities were fundamentally similar to those of contemporary cities.
A nationwide genomic study of 800 Danish high school students found that the population is genetically similar, with subtle traces of historical impact on genetic variation. The study suggests that people have mixed freely between different parts of the country, leading to a relatively homogeneous population.
A recent study contradicts earlier claims that declines of pollinator species richness are slowing down in Europe. Dr Tom J. M. Van Dooren found no robust evidence for a decelerating decline across multiple taxonomic groups and European countries.
A survey by Dr Lidija Kandolf-Sekulovic found that over 5000 European melanoma patients are denied access to innovative treatments each year. In Eastern Europe, only 42% of countries have registered the treatment, and only 18% have full reimbursement coverage.
Researchers found that genetic variations controlling neuronal development explain male preferences, suggesting brain over nose plays a key role in mate choice. The study sheds light on the evolution of pheromone systems and brain complexity in moths.
The scientific community has established criteria for identifying endocrine disruptors, which will inform regulatory decisions on substances affecting human health. The principles focus on substance effects on the endocrine system and adverse health outcomes.